Effects of Heat Treatment on the Physicochemical Properties and Electrochemical Behavior of Biochars for Electrocatalyst Support Applications Rocío García-Rocha, Sergio M. Durón-Torres, Salvador A. Palomares-Sánchez, Antonio Del Rio-De Santiago, Ivone Rojas-de Soto, et al. Materials, 2023 The present work reports the synthesis and the physicochemical characterization of biochar from the organic wastes of nopal (Opuntia Leucotricha), coffee grounds (Coffea arabica) and Ataulfo mango seeds (Mangifera indica) as alternative electrocatalyst supports to Vulcan XC-72 carbon black. The biochars were prepared using pyrolysis from organic wastes collected at three temperatures, 600, 750 and 900 °C, under two atmospheres, N2 and H2. The synthesized biochars were characterized using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to obtain insights into their chemical structure and morphological nature, respectively, as a function of temperature and pyrolysis atmosphere. A N2 adsorption/desorption technique, two-point conductivity measurements and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were conducted to evaluate the specific surface area (SSA), electrical conductivity and double-layer capacitance, respectively, of all the biochars to estimate their physical properties as a possible alternative carbon support. The results indicated that the mango biochar demonstrated the highest properties among all the biochars, such as an electrical conductivity of 8.3 S/cm−1 at 900 °C in N2, a specific surface area of 829 m2/g at 600 °C in H2 and a capacitance of ~300 mF/g at 900 °C in N2. The nopal and coffee biochars exhibited excellent specific surface areas, up to 767 m2/g at 600 °C in N2 and 699 m2/g at 750 °C in H2, respectively; nonetheless, their electrical conductivity and capacitance were limited. Therefore, the mango biochar at 900 °C in N2 was considered a suitable alternative carbon material for electrocatalyst support. Additionally, it was possible to determine that the electrical conductivity and capacitance increased as a function of the pyrolysis temperature, while the specific surface area decreased for some biochars as the pyrolysis temperature increased. Overall, it is possible to conclude that heat treatment at a high temperature of 900 °C enhanced the biochar properties toward electrocatalyst support applications.
Ir-Sn-Sb-O electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction: Physicochemical characterization and performance in water electrolysis single cell with solid polymer electrolyte Nicté J. Pérez-Viramontes, Virginia H. Collins-Martínez, Ismailia L. Escalante-García, José R. Flores-Hernández, Marisol Galván-Valencia, et al. Catalysts, 2020 Mixed oxide Ir-Sn-Sb-O electrocatalyst was synthesized using thermal decomposition from chloride precursors in ethanol. Our previous results showed that Ir-Sn-Sb-O possesses electrocatalytic activity for an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media. In the present work, the physicochemical characterization and performance of Ir-Sn-Sb-O in an electrolysis cell are reported. IrO2 supported on antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) was also considered in this study as a reference catalyst. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated that Ir-Sn-Sb-O has a mixed morphology with nanometric size. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed a heterogeneous atomic distribution. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis resulted in particle sizes of IrO2 and ATO between 3 to >10 nm, while the Ir-Sn-Sb-O catalyst presented non-uniform particle sizes from 3 to 50 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicated that synthesized mixed oxide consists of IrO2, IrOx, doped SnO2 phases and metallic Ir. The Ir-Sn-Sb-O mixed composition was corroborated by temperature programmed reduction (TPR) measurements. The performance of Ir-Sn-Sb-O in a single cell electrolyser showed better results for hydrogen production than IrO2/ATO using a mechanical mixture. Ir-Sn-Sb-O demonstrated an onset potential for water electrolysis close to 1.45 V on Ir-Sn-Sb-O and a current density near to 260 mA mg−1 at 1.8 V. The results suggest that the mixed oxide Ir-Sn-Sb-O has favorable properties for further applications in water electrolysers.
Differential proliferation effect of the newly synthesized valine, tyrosine and tryptophan–naphthoquinones in immortal and tumorigenic cervical cell lines Sergio Córdova-Rivas, Jorge Gustavo Araujo-Huitrado, Ernesto Rivera-Avalos, Ismailia L. Escalante-García, Sergio M. Durón-Torres, et al. Molecules, 2020 We previously showed that microwave assisted synthesis is the best method for the synthesis of naphthoquinone amino acid and chloride-naphthoquinone amino acid derivatives by a complete evaluation of reaction conditions such as stoichiometry, bases, and pH influence. Following the same strategy, we synthesized chloride and non-chloride tyrosine, valine, and tryptophan-naphthoquinones achieving 85–95%, 80–92%, and 91–95% yields, respectively. The cyclic voltammetry profiles showed that both series of naphthoquinone amino acid derivatives mainly display one redox reaction process. Overall, chloride naphthoquinone amino acid derivatives exhibited redox potential values (E1/2) more positive than non-chloride compounds. The six newly synthesized compounds were tested in HPV positive and negative as well as in immortal and tumorigenic cell lines to observe the effects in different cellular context simulating precancerous and cancerous status. A dose-response was achieved to determine the IC50 of six newly synthesized compounds in SiHa (Tumorigenic and HPV16 positive), CaLo (Tumorigenic and HPV18 positive), C33-A (Tumorigenic and HPV negative) and HaCaT (Keratinocytes immortal HPV negative) cell lines. Non-chloride tryptophan-naphthoquinone (3c) and chloride tyrosine-naphthoquine (4a) effects were more potent in tumorigenic SiHa, CaLo, and C33-A cells with respect to non-tumorigenic HaCaT cells. Interestingly, there seems to be a differential effect in non-chloride and chloride naphthoquinone amino acid derivatives in tumorigenic versus non tumorigenic cells. Considering all naphthoquinone amino acid derivatives that our group synthesized, it seems that hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids have the greatest effect on cell proliferation inhibition. These results show promising compounds for cervical cancer treatment.
Synthesis of amino acid-naphthoquinones and in vitro studies on cervical and breast cell lines Ernesto Rivera-Ávalos, Denisse de Loera, Jorge Gustavo Araujo-Huitrado, Ismailia Leilani Escalante-García, Miguel Antonio Muñoz-Sánchez, et al. Molecules, 2019 We performed an extensive analysis about the reaction conditions of the 1,4-Michael addition of amino acids to 1,4-naphthoquinone and substitution to 2,3-dichloronaphthoquinone, and a complete evaluation of stoichiometry, use of different bases, and the pH influence was performed. We were able to show that microwave-assisted synthesis is the best method for the synthesis of naphthoquinone–amino acid and chloride–naphthoquinone–amino acid derivatives with 79–91% and 78–91% yields, respectively. The cyclic voltammetry profiles showed that both series of naphthoquinone–amino acid derivatives mainly display one quasi-reversible redox reaction process. Interestingly, it was shown that naphthoquinone derivatives possess a selective antitumorigenic activity against cervix cancer cell lines and chloride–naphthoquinone–amino acid derivatives against breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the newly synthetized compounds with asparagine–naphthoquinones (3e and 4e) inhibited ~85% of SiHa cell proliferation. These results show promising compounds for specific cervical and breast cancer treatment.
“MoS2Pt deposited on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction? Aiche Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings, 2019
Morphology and surface structure of nanocarbon allotropes: A comparative study M. Hernandez-Ortiz, Y. Estevez-Martínez, S. M. Durón, I. L. Escalante-García, M. Vega-González, et al. Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 2016 Different carbon allotropes, including vulcan carbon, multiwall carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanodiamonds, were processed by chemical purification and treated in a mixture of H2SO4–HNO3. The materials were characterized by infrared and Raman spectroscopy as well as by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Oxidative differences are indicated by Raman through the G band (∼1570 cm−1), D band (∼1340 cm−1), and G’ band (∼2684 cm−1). The crystal size (La) and purity, relative to the amorphous carbonaceous material, were studied as well, along with the morphological changes induced by the treatments.
Electrochemical characterization of IrO2-Pt and RuO 2-Pt mixtures as bifunctional electrodes for unitized regenerative fuel cells Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems, 2010
Estimation of the hydrogen flux from a PEM electrolyzer, based in the solar irradiation measured in zacatecas Mexico Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems, 2010
Preparation of carbon-fiber electrodes modified with platinum nanoparticles encapsulated in PAMAM dendrimers Ecs Transactions, 2006
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