Community reintegration of persons with traumatic spinal cord injury in Northern India: a cross-sectional study Anshini Gupta, Osama Neyaz, Raj Kumar Yadav, Paras Yadav, Hrishikesh Das International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 2025 Since early interventions have improved survival in traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI), there is a shift toward addressing long-term outcomes like community reintegration and social participation. Despite its importance, community reintegration remains under-researched, particularly in Northern India. This study aims to explore societal reintegration in people with TSCI in Northern India using the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique–Short Form (CHART-SF). The CHART-SF examines the impact of age, gender, injury level, terrain, and the ASIA impairment scale (AIS) on physical independence, cognitive independence, mobility, occupation, social integration, and economic self-sufficiency. This cross-sectional observational study included 91 individuals with TSCI who had an injury duration greater than 1 year and received inpatient and outpatient services from our department in a tertiary health care centre between October 2022 and April 2024. Community reintegration scores were low in all areas measured by the CHART-SF, such as physical independence (38.5), cognitive independence (64.5), mobility (38.9), social integration (70.9), and economic self-sufficiency, with occupation (13.6) being the most affected domain. The mean CHART-SF score was 226.4 (56.8) out of a maximum of 600, indicating poor reintegration. Being motor complete (AIS A–B) was moderately-to-strongly associated with worse physical independence (r pb = 0.91, P < 0.001), mobility (0.87, P < 0.001), occupation status (0.56, P < 0.001), and overall community reintegration (0.84, P < 0.001). The cognitive independence (64.5) and social integration scores (70.93) were not correlated with any demographic and injury variables assessed and were among the highest-scoring domains. The results suggest significant challenges in societal reintegration among individuals with TSCI in Northern India, particularly in mobility, physical independence, and occupation. While cognitive and social integration were relatively better, overall reintegration remained low. The injury severity, terrain, and other demographic factors influenced outcomes, especially in physical domains.
A Cross-Sectional Study Among Stroke Survivors of the Indian Himalayan Region Assessing Motor Function, Quality of Life, Depression, and Anxiety Suman, Raj Kumar Yadav, Ajeet Singh Bhadoria, Hrishikesh Das, Osama Neyaz Indian Journal of Community Health, 2025 Stroke impacts 16 million people annually worldwide, often resulting in lasting disabilities and psychological complications such as depression and anxiety, affecting the quality of life. This study assessed the motor function, depression, anxiety, and quality of life among stroke survivors in the Indian Himalayan region, with their sociodemographic profile. 164 stroke patients were examined at a tertiary teaching hospital. The sample was predominantly male (70%), with an average age of 50.61 years. Motor Assessment Scale scores indicated poor motor function (mean = 12.05), while Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale scores revealed low quality of life (mean = 91.71). On Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory, 36% of participants had severe depression while, 20.7% had moderate anxiety levels. As the study indicated a high prevalence of severe depression and anxiety, affecting also the motor functions and quality of life, addressing the psychological issues is critical for improving rehabilitation outcomes and overall well-being among stroke survivors.
Static and Dynamic Foot Pressure Analysis in Asymptomatic Adults A Cross-Sectional Analysis Osama Neyaz, Binayak Patra, Raj Kumar Yadav, Shabeeba Sherin Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 2025 Background: Normative data on plantar pressure distribution are essential for comparing the plantar pressures of healthy people with those of symptomatic individuals. The present study analyzed the foot pressure distribution variations among healthy males and females in static and dynamic conditions. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation on individuals aged 18 to 65 years with no known foot pathologies or deformities. Both static and dynamic pedobarographic variables were measured using the BTS P-WALK system. Results: Among 160 participants, the static analysis showed that average hindfoot pressure (right, 59.8 ± 21.4; left, 72.1 ± 55.4) was significantly higher than average forefoot pressure (right, 29.2 ± 13.9; left, 23.4 ± 12.7) (P < .001). The average forefoot pressure was significantly higher in males (right, 30.1 ± 23.8; left, 23.8 ± 21.7) than in females (right, 21.8 ± 20.6; left, 16.6 ± 15.3) (P = .043 and .016, respectively), whereas the average hindfoot pressure was higher in females (right, 63.5 ± 25.9; left, 75.3 ± 23.9) than in males (right, 56.1 ± 19.6; left, 68.8 ± 24.2) (P = .043 and .089, respectively). Conclusions: The hindfoot bore more load than the forefoot when standing. Males carried a greater proportion of load over the forefoot than females. When walking, overall, the weightbearing pattern over the hindfoot and forefoot was similar.
Epidemiology of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in the Himalayan Range and Sub-Himalayan Region: A Retrospective Hospital Data-Based Study Osama Neyaz, Vinay Kanaujia, Raj Kumar Yadav, Bhaskar Sarkar, Md. Quamar Azam, Pankaj Kandwal Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2024 Objective: To compile epidemiological characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in the Northern Indian Himalayan regions and Sub-Himalayan planes.Methods: The present study is a retrospective, cross-sectional descriptive analysis based on hospital data conducted at the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Spine Unit of Trauma Centre in a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand, India. People hospitalized at the tertiary care center between August 2018 and November 2021 are included in the study sample. A prestructured proforma was employed for the evaluation, including demographic and epidemiological characteristics.Results: TSCI was found in 167 out of 3,120 trauma patients. The mean age of people with TSCI was 33.5±13.3, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.4:1. Eighty-three participants (49.7%) were from the plains, while the hilly region accounts for 50.3%. People from the plains had a 2.9:1 rural-to-urban ratio, whereas the hilly region had a 6:1 ratio. The overall most prevalent cause was Falls (59.3%), followed by road traffic accidents (RTAs) (35.9%). RTAs (57.2%) were the most common cause of TSCI in the plains’ urban regions, while Falls (58.1%) were more common in rural plains. In both urban (66.6%) and rural (65.3%) parts of the hilly region, falls were the most common cause.Conclusion: TSCI is more common in young males, especially in rural hilly areas. Falls rather than RTAs are the major cause.
Change in urodynamic pattern and incidence of urinary tract infection in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury practicing clean self-intermittent catheterization Osama Neyaz, Venkataraman Srikumar, Ameed Equebal, Abhishek Biswas Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2020 Objective: To observe changes in cystometric parameters in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) with neurogenic bladder practicing clean intermittent self-catheterization (CIC) and incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in such patients. Design: Prospective, observational study. Setting: Tertiary Urban Rehabilitation Hospital. Participants: Persons with neurogenic bladder caused by traumatic SCI and practicing CIC. Interventions: Clinical evaluation, complete urine analysis, urine culture and sensitivity, ultrasonography of the abdomen and urodynamic study were evaluated at baseline and at follow-up (6 months to 1 year). Outcome Measures: Detrusor pattern, cystometric capacity, detrusor compliance, detrusor leak point pressure, residual urine, incidence of UTI. Results: Thirty-one participants were included in the study. The baseline cystometric study showed that 15 had overactive detrusor and 16 had detrusor areflexia. The mean cystometric capacity decreased significantly between baseline and follow-up in both the groups but remained within the normal threshold limit, decline being more marked in the overactive detrusor group, who also had more marked decrease in compliance. Mean detrusor leak point pressure was below 40 cm H2O in all participants in both groups at baseline and follow-up. Mean residual urine improved at follow-up in both groups. Incidence of UTI was 2.29 episodes per patient per year, and more frequent in the overactive detrusor group. Escherichia coli was the causative agent in 45%. Conclusion: The cystometric capacity and compliance decreased significantly though patients were doing regular CIC and managed on antimuscarinics for detrusor overactivity (DO). UTI is more common in individuals with SCI with DO and E. coli is the most common cause of UTI.