Green synthesis and detailed characterization of selenium nanoparticles derived from Alangium salviifolium (L.f) Wangerin Karunya Saravanan, Manivannan Madhaiyan, Prabu Periyasamy, Prasath Manivannan, Alpaslan Bayrakdar, V. Balakrishnan Chemical Physics Impact, 2025 A bstract In recent years, the environmentally sustainable synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) has garnered significant interest owing to its prospective applications in medicine, electronics, and environmental remediation. This work investigates the eco-friendly synthesis of Se NPs using extracts from Alangium salviifolium leaves and fruits, emphasizing the optimization of the extraction method to increase the output of phytochemicals that promote the reduction of selenium ions into nanoparticles. The characterization of the synthesized Se NPs was conducted utilizing sophisticated analytical techniques to clarify their structural, morphological, and compositional attributes. UV–Vis spectroscopy validated the effective synthesis of Se NPs via a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak. The FTIR study elucidated the functional groups in the extracts and their interactions with selenium throughout the reduction process. XRD analysis demonstrated the crystalline structure of the produced nanoparticles, with peaks aligned to distinct selenium phases, so validating their effective synthesis. FESEM integrated with EDS offered detailed morphological insights and elemental composition analysis, demonstrating uniform distribution and size consistency among the nanoparticals. Elemental mapping further corroborated the presence of selenium within the synthesized structures. Additionally, HR-TEM combined with SAED provided atomic-level insights into the crystallinity and size distribution of Se NPs, revealing their potential for various applications. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited remarkable stability and biocompatibility, suggesting promising prospects for biomedical applications. This study not only highlights an effective green synthesis route for Se NPs but also underscores the importance of utilizing natural resources in nanomaterial production. The findings contribute significantly to nanotechnology by providing a sustainable approach to nanoparticle synthesis while paving the way for future research into their functional applications across diverse sectors.
Phytochemical profile and antioxidant potential of leaf and bark extracts of Cassine glauca (Rottb.) Kuntze K. Dhanasekaran, Kishore Kumar Ashok, K. Palanisamy, P. Subramaniam, V. Balakrishnan Journal of Phytology, 2025 In the present study the phytochemical composition and antioxidant prospective of Cassine glauca leaf and bark extracts. Leaf and bark of C. glauca were extracted by methanol and chloroform through Soxhlet extraction. The extracts were analyzed for qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents, including phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and other bioactive compounds. Antioxidant activity was determined through five different methods such as DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, assay of molybdenum, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging, and nitric oxide scavenging assays. Phytochemical analysis revealed that methanol extracts from both leaf and bark were more effective than chloroform, showing higher concentrations of phenolics, tannins and flavonoids. The leaf extract had a total phenol content of 47.458 mg GAE/g, tannins at 45.298 mg RE/g. and a flavonoid content of 160.106 mg TAE/g, and the bark extract showed lower but notable levels of these compounds. The leaf extract showed greater antioxidant activity when compared with bark extract in all experiments, includes DPPH radical scavenging activity, molybdenum assay, reducing power activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity and H2O2 scavenging activities. Methanol extracts of C. glauca leaf and bark exhibited significant antioxidant properties, with the leaf extract showed greater efficacy. The present study highlights a prospective source of C. glauca as a potential resource of natural antioxidants and suggests additional exploration of its therapeutic benefits in oxidative stress-related disorders. The results emphasize the effectiveness of methanol as a solvent for extracting potential bioactive compounds from C. glauca.
Estimation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Activities of Extracts Obtained from the Leaves of Folk Medicinal Plant Benkara malabarica (Lam) Muthiah Kalusalingam, Veluchamy Balakrishnan Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 2022 Objectives: Benkara malabarica (Lam). is pharmacologically unexploited medicinal plant, used in the folklore Paliyar in India. Medicinal plant systems to treat many ailments such as cold, phlegm, stomach and body pains. The present investigation carried out with objective of finding an alternative antioxidant and cytotoxicity medicines from traditionally used medicinal plant and to provide ethnopharmacological information for its traditional usage. Materials and Methods: Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol were used as solvents for the preparation of crude drug from the B. malabarica leaves. DPPH and O phenantroline reduction assay were used to estimate the antioxidant activities of the extracts, while MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of extracts using Hep G2 cell lines. Different concentration of extracts, in the range of 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 μg/ml was used for the determination of antioxidant activities. In case of cytotoxicity studies the extract concentration were 25, 50, 100, 200 and 500 μg/ml. Ascorbic acid was used as standard in antioxidant studies and doxorubicin was employed as standard in the cytotoxicity studies. Results: In both antioxidant and cytotoxicity studies, the activities were increased with the increase the concentrations of extracts. The potential of three extracts were in the following order, methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether in both antioxidant and cytotoxicity studies. Conclusion: The remarkable antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities, assayed through various in vitro models in the present study. This may be due to the presence of phytochemicals, such as phenol, flavonoid, alkaloid and glycosides in the extracts. Scientific data generated from the present study supports the usage of B. malabarica in the folklore medicinal system.
Studies on the effect of antidiabetic activity of Achyranthes aspera L. on alloxan induced wistar rats International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015
Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous leaf extract of Limonia elephantum in alloxan-induced diabetic rats K. Kamalakannan, Veluchamy Balakrishnan Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2014 The hypoglycemic activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Limonia elephantum was evaluated. The extract was administered orally 1,000 mg/kg to normal and alloxan-induced (55 mg/kg body weight, i.v) diabetic rats. The hypoglycemic effect of the extract was statistically significant with an oral dose of 1,000 mg/kg and was comparable to that of the effect produced by standard antidiabetic agent, metformin 1.5 mg/kg. The extract increased the glucose tolerance using oral glucose tolerance test.
Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Limonia elephantum leaves K. Kamalakannan, Veluchamy Balakrishnan Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2014 Limonia elephantum (wood apple) has been widely used in an Indian folk medicine system. In the present study, the acute toxicity studies were carried out to determine the safety of the compounds in liver diseases. The antioxidant and the hepatoprotective properties of the L. elephantum are evaluated against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in rats. Liver superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase, catalase levels and serum biochemical profile such as serum glutamate oxalate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and total protein were examined for the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of these treatments. The results of the present studies strongly indicate that the higher dose (400 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of L. elephantum proved against hepatoprotective effects and also the antioxidant properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v9i3.19704
Anticancer and apoptosis-inducing effects of Moringa concanensis using hepG2 cell lines V. Balamurugan, Veluchamy Balakrishnan, J. Philip Robinson, M. Ramakrishnan Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2014 The objective of the present investigation is focused on the anticancer activity of the ethanolic crude extract of Moringa concanensis leaf and bark against HepG2 cell line. The study was facilitated by collecting the plant sample and subjected to ethanol crude extraction. The anticancer activity of the crude extracted sample against HepG2 cell line was examined by MTT assay. The study confirms that the leaf crude extract of M. concanensis has pronounced anticancer potential against HepG2 cell lines while compared to that of the bark extract. The plant investigated possesses remarkable anticancer activity and hence isolation of the compound contributing to the activity may lead to develop at a novel and natural phytomedicine for the disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v9i4.20481
DOR - A database of olfactory receptors - Integrated repository for sequence and secondary structural information of olfactory receptors in selected eukaryotic genomes Balasubramanian Nagarathnam, Snehal D. Karpe, Krishnan Harini, Kannan Sankar, Mohammed Iftekhar, Durairaj Rajesh, Sadasivam Giji, Govidaraju Archunan, Veluchamy Balakrishnan, M. Michael Gromiha, Wataru Nemoto, Kazhuhiko Fukui, Ramanathan Sowdhamini Bioinformatics and Biology Insights, 2014 Olfaction is the response to odors and is mediated by a class of membrane-bound proteins called olfactory receptors (ORs). An understanding of these receptors serves as a good model for basic signal transduction mechanisms and also provides important clues for the strategies adopted by organisms for their ultimate survival using chemosensory perception in search of food or defense against predators. Prior research on cross-genome phylogenetic analyses from our group motivated the addressal of conserved evolutionary trends, clustering, and ortholog prediction of ORs. The database of olfactory receptors (DOR) is a repository that provides sequence and structural information on ORs of selected organisms (such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Mus musculus, and Homo sapiens). Users can download OR sequences, study predicted membrane topology, and obtain cross-genome sequence alignments and phylogeny, including three-dimensional (3D) structural models of 100 selected ORs and their predicted dimer interfaces. The database can be accessed from http://caps.ncbs.res.in/DOR . Such a database should be helpful in designing experiments on point mutations to probe into the possible dimerization modes of ORs and to even understand the evolutionary changes between different receptors.
Analysis of growth characteristics of Vigna mungo (L) Wilczek, by mixing textile dye effluent sludge combination with vermicompost Electronic Journal of Environmental Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2012
Mangrove compost used as an organic manure for evaluation of yield characteristics in vigna mungo Electronic Journal of Environmental Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010
Enhancement of growth characteristics by application of mangrove compost on Vigna mungo Electronic Journal of Environmental Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010
Halophytic compost-an organic nutrient sources for coastal farmers, south India Electronic Journal of Environmental Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009
