Kok Tee Lau

@utem.edu.my

Faculty of Industrial & Manufacturing Technology & Engineering
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka

Kok Tee Lau


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https://researchid.co/ktlau49988

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Surfaces, Coatings and Films, General Materials Science, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics
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Scopus Publications

Scopus Publications

  • EFFECT OF APPLIED VOLTAGE AND EPOXY SUSPENSION’S AGEING TIME ON SHEET RESISTANCE OF ELECTRODEPOSITED EPOXY COATINGS
    Malaysian Journal of Microscopy, 2025
  • Properties of Epoxy Coatings Electrodeposited from Cationic Epoxy Suspensions Prepared by Different Secondary Amine's Volumes
    Nurhaliana Shazwani Mohd Halim, Norshazlina Romzei, Kok Tee Lau, Kelly Tau Len Yong, Umar Al Amani Azlan, Ah Heng You
    Materials Science Forum, 2025
    Epoxy resins are widely recognised as the most commonly used polymers, playing a crucial role in both industrial and domestic applications; however, the effect of secondary amine volume on the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) performance of epoxy resin remains underexplored. This study investigates the influence of varying volumes of N-methylethanolamine (MEA) during the synthesis of cationic epoxy on the chemical composition, thickness, surface morphology, and dielectric properties of electrodeposited epoxy coatings at a voltage of 60 V. Cationic diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin was formulated with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ml MEA, and then deposited onto galvanised substrates via EPD. Increasing the MEA volume from 0.5 ml to 1.5 ml during the formulation of cationic DGEBA resulted in a 50.6% reduction in deposited coating thickness (from 46.6 µm to 23.0 µm) and a 98% decrease in the corresponding dielectric constant (from 102 to 1.98 at a frequency of 1.27 Hz). These variations were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy, which indicated changes in chemical bonding and surface uniformity. The findings highlight the critical role of MEA volume in determining the performance of electrodeposited epoxy coatings and offer guidance for optimising EPD formulations for improved insulation and structural stability.
  • Effect of electrophoretic deposition kinetic behavior on dielectric property of epoxy coatings under different n-methylethanolamine’s volumes
    Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 2025
  • Dielectric Property of Epoxy Coating Deposited using Electrophoretic Deposition Suspension Synthesised under Ambient and Inert Atmospheres
    Nurhaliana Shazwani Mohd Halim, Mohamad Azrul Azizie Mohd Saed, Nik Ahmad Luqmanul Hakim Nik Abd Rashid, Kok-Tee Lau, Len-Kelly Yong Tau, Umar Al-Amani Azlan, Ah Heng You, Auppatham Nakaruk
    Journal of Advanced Research in Micro and Nano Engineering, 2024
    This study investigates the implications of N-methylethanolamine (MEA) concentrations and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) suspension synthesised under ambient air atmosphere and inert nitrogen gas environment on the chemical composition and dielectric properties of epoxy coatings. Cationised epoxy resin suspensions were synthesised from the modification of commercially available diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy using different MEA concentrations under ambient air and inert nitrogen gas environments. The cationic DGEBA suspension was then used in the EPD process to deposit an epoxy coating on a galvanised iron sheet. After elevated temperature curing, the epoxy coatings were characterised by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field-emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The epoxy solution synthesised under the inert nitrogen gas environment produced an epoxy coating with a chemical composition identical to that of the as-received DGEBA functional groups. In contrast, the chemical composition of the epoxy coating synthesised under the ambient air environment displayed different chemical functional groups, suggesting a different chemical composition. For the ambient sample group, an increase in MEA concentration results in an increase in coating thickness and dielectric constant. In contrast, a similar change in the MEA level results in a decrease in epoxy thickness and dielectric constant.
  • EFFECT OF ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION PARAMETERS ON COATING THICKNESS AND DEPOSIT YIELD OF NON-COLLOIDAL GRAPHITE PARTICLES
    Kok-Tee Lau, C. C. Sorrell
    Jurnal Teknologi, 2024
    Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) has become a method for fabricating and enhancing electrodes for electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices. This article explores the impact of dominant EPD parameters on the deposit yield and coating thickness of graphite produced from an organic-based graphite particle suspension. The deposit yield follows a linear Hamaker's law at voltages below 50 V, with a deposition time of up to 5 minutes and solid loading between 2.5 to 12.5 mg/mL. The study also demonstrates the successful deposition of negatively charged and non-colloidal sized graphite particles, which are previously dispersed in n-butylamine-acetone without the use of charging or binding additives. This later forms a coating with a relatively strong binding strength of graphite particles on the steel anode. EPD of graphite suspension with a concentration of 5 mg/mL at a deposition voltage of 10 V and 5 minutes deposition time is capable of producing a graphite coating thickness of 70 mm. This research demonstrates the high-yield capability of EPD of organic-based graphite particles on metal anode and provides valuable insight for future investigations into application of binderless graphite suspension particles for electrode materials in energy storage systems.
  • EFFECT OF PRINT BED’S HEAT FLOW ON CURLING AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF FDM-PRINTED ABS SAMPLE
    Kok-Tee Lau, Mastura Mohammad Taha, Syahibudil Ikhwan Abdul Kudus, See Ern Chung
    Jurnal Teknologi, 2023
    The optimization of printing parameters, in particular the print bed aspect, is essential for the further improvement of print quality. This paper investigates the effect of the print bed’s heat flow and surface properties (i.e. materials and surface roughness) on the curling defect and surface roughness of the ABS-based dog bone designed print. The print bed temperature is varied, and the corresponding heat flow is measured using a portable heat flow meter. The maximum z deflection (curling) of the print is characterized using Geomagic Control X metrology software by measuring the dimension deviation of the 3D scanned print compared with the CAD drawing. The surface roughness in terms of the Ra and Rz of the print are obtained by a stylus-based contact profilometer. The measured heat flow data have a positive linear correlation with the print bed temperature, which is confirmed by our theoretical calculation. The surface roughness of the print is higher when printed on the zinc plate-overlaid print bed, compared with the standard (unmodified) print bed. Furthermore, the applied heat flow has a large positive correlation with the print’s roughness but no correlation with the maximum z deflection. The roughness and z-deflection behaviour are attributed to the curling at the grip section of the print, resulting in a shorter interaction time with the print bed surface compared with the gage section that remains in physical contact throughout the 3D printing.
  • EFFECT OF HBN FILLERS ON RHEOLOGY PROPERTY AND SURFACE MICROSTRUCTURE OF ABS EXTRUDATE
    Kok-Tee Lau, Mastura Mohammad Taha, Norhanani Hidayati Abd Rashid, Devaki Manogaran, Mohd Nazri Ahmad
    Jurnal Teknologi, 2022
    ABS filament remains an important feeding material for fused deposition manufacturing (FDM). However, ABS tends to experience warping after printing. The current paper investigates the effect of hBN fill on rheology property and diameter of ABS extrudate. ABS filled hBN composite was prepared by a facile solution mixing method. Rheological characterisation by capillary rheometer shows that ABS filled 5 wt% hBN composite exhibited a higher shear viscosity than the pure ABS. hBN addition appears to increase the shear viscosity of ABS by 62% at the shear rate of 200 s-1, but the increase was reduced to 20% at 1000 s-1. ABS-hBN extrudate surface microstructure deteriorated lesser than ABS extrudate when the shear rate increased up to 1000s-1. SEM micrograph of ABS-hBN extrudate’s surface exhibited less sharkskin feature but its swell percentage is 5.4% higher than the ABS extrudate. The addition of hBN fillers resulted in higher shear viscosity and percentage of ABS die swell but exhibited less sharkfin feature (smoother surface) on extrudate surface than the pure ABS.
  • Electrophoretic Deposition of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Particles from Low Conductivity Suspension
    Kok-Tee Lau, Shahrizal Samsudin
    Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 2022
    Given that hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) particles are extremely stable in colloidal suspensions due to their low density, they are difficult to deposit via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) is widely used as a polyelectrolyte for ceramic particles because of its strong electrophoretic response. Nevertheless, studies on PDDA as a functionalising agent of hBN particles for EPD remain elusive. Here, hBN particles were functionalised with different amounts of PDDA to investigate effects on suspension stability and EPD yield. Deionised (DI)-water-based hBN particle suspensions with PDDA contents that varied from 0.3 wt% and 0.6 wt% (of hBN basis) were prepared using washed as-received hBN particles. Then, washed and nonwashed PDDA-functionalised hBN particle groups were prepared by subjecting only the former to water washing. Washing, which involved the repeated particle dispersion in DI water and vacuum filtration, successfully reduced the conductivity of the aqueous hBN suspension to 2 µS/cm, which was significantly lower than the conductivities of 180 and 25 µS/cm shown by the as-received particle suspension and PDDA-functionalised particles before washing. This result indicated that washing eliminated the interference of free ions on the suspension stability of hBN particles and EPD yield. In contrast to that of the nonwashed group, the suspension stability of the washed group decreased as the PDDA content was increased. Nevertheless, at 0.3 wt% and 0.6 wt% PDDA, the EPD yields of the washed group were 183% to 31% higher than those of the nonwashed group. This study provided new insight into the EPD of hBN particles using low-cost aqueous suspensions with sustainable ultralow ion conductivity.
  • Effect of Yeast Content as Pores Forming Agent on Porous Alumina Ceramic
    International Journal of Nanoelectronics and Materials, 2022
  • CHARACTERIZATION ON THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NON-COVALENT POLYETHYLENEIMINE WRAPPED ON GRAPHENE NANOPLATELETS WITHIN NR/EPDM RUBBER BLEND NANOCOMPOSITES
    Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2022
  • DSC Assessment on Curing Degree of Micron-scaled Adhesive Layer in Lamination-pressed Flexible Printed Circuit Panels
    Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021
  • Effect of Contact Pad’s Roughness and Ni–P Plating Thickness on Leadless Packages’ Shear Strength Variation
    K. T. Lau, C. G. Ong, R. F. Munawar, A. B. Arif
    Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials, 2021
  • OPTIMIZATION OF COPPER VIA FILLING PROCESS FOR FLEXIBLE PRINTED CIRCUIT USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
    Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2020
  • Piezoelectric P(VDF-TrFE) Thick Film Based Micro-power Generator Using Flexible Substrate for Wearable Applications
    Khoon-Keat Chow, T. K. Woo, Swee Leong Kok, Kok-Tee Lau, Ali Mohammed Abdal Kadhim
    Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2020
  • Effect of Carbon Nanotube-Silane Addition on Mechanical Properties of Chloroprene Rubber-filled Carbon Black
    Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020
  • Hardness and water absorption properties of silicone rubber based composites for high voltage insulator applications
    Najwa Kamarudin, Jeefferie Abd Razak, Nurbahirah Norddin, Noraiham Mohamad, Lau Kok Tee, Tony Chew, Nurzallia Mohd Saad
    Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2020
  • Finite elements method simulation of P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric sensor for Internet of things application
    International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 2019
  • On the preparation of EPDM-g-MAH compatibilizer via melt-blending method
    J. A. Razak, N. Mohamad, M. A. Mahamood, R. Jaafar, I. S. Othman, M. M. Ismail, L. K. Tee, R. Junid, Z. Mustafa
    Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences, 2019
  • Effect of heat treatment on the tribological performance of electroless quaternary nickel alloy
    M. Zaimi, M. N. Azran, M. S. Kasim, M. R. M. Kamal, I. S. Othman, K. T. Lau, T. D. Widodo, A. H. Sofian
    Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences, 2019
  • Structural and Electrical Properties of Na X COO2 Thermoelectric Synthesized via Citric-Nitrate Auto-Combustion Reaction
    M. S. M. Suan, M.A. Farhan, K. T. Lau, R. F. Munawar, S. Ismail
    Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2018
  • Miniature high gain slot-fed rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for IoT RF energy harvesting
    Alphonsos A Masius, Yan Chiew Wong, Kok Tee Lau
    AEU International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 2018
  • Influence of pulsed electrophoretic deposition of graphitic carbon nanotube on electrochemical capacitor performance
    Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2018
  • Study of screen printed polymer and ceramic based electrode on P(VDF-TrFE) flexible film
    Journal of Telecommunication Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2018
  • Design and characterization of piezoelectric P(VDF-TrFE) thick film on flexible substrate for energy harvesting
    Journal of Telecommunication Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2018
  • Nickel-cobalt alloy deposition on iron substrate using electroless deposition in deep eutectic solvent
    Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2018
  • Review on Carbon nanotube based polymer composites and its applications
    Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2018
  • Enhancing graphitic carbon content of carbonbased electrode materials by pulsed electrophoretic deposition for electrochemical capacitor
    Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2018
  • Vibrational damping behaviors of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced NR/EPDM nanocomposites
    N. Mohamad, J. Yaakub, H.E. Ab Maulod, A.R. Jeefferie, M.Y. Yuhazri, K.T. Lau, Q. Ahsan, M.I. Shueb, R. Othman
    Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences, 2017
  • An experimental investigation of piezoelectric P(VDF-TrFE) thick film on flexible substrate as energy harvester
    Chow Khoon Keat, Kok Swee Leong, Lau Kok Tee
    Iop Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering, 2017
  • Fabrication and characterization of piezoelectric p(vdf-trfe) thick film on flexible substrate
    Arpn Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2017
  • Characterization on thermal and mechanical properties of non-covalent polyethyleneimine Wrapped on graphene nanoplatelets within NR/EPDM rubber blend nanocomposites
    Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2017
  • Effect of electroless Ni-P thickness on EFTECH 64-Ni, EFTECH 64-Cu and C194-Ni bump
    Cheng-Guan Ong, Kok-Tee Lau, Muhammad Zaimi, Muhammad Afiq, Kian-Pin Queck
    Proceedings of Technical Papers International Microsystems Packaging Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference Impact, 2016
  • Effect of Cu based complexes on EFTECH 64 and C194 Cu alloy
    Cheng-Guan Ong, Kok-Tee Lau, Muhammad Zaimi, Kim-Swee Goh, Mei-Qi Tay
    Proceedings of the IEEE CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology IEMT Symposium, 2016
  • Protonation of the polyethyleneimine and titanium particles and their effect on the electrophoretic mobility and deposition
    Kok-Tee Lau, T. Joseph Sahaya Anand, Charles C. Sorrell
    Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2016
  • Impact based piezoelectric energy harvesting: Effect of single step's force and velocity
    Journal of Telecommunication Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2016
  • Transistor package's boron nitride film microstructure and roughness: Effect of EPD suspensions' pH and binder
    Journal of Telecommunication Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2016
  • Leadframes' AuAg plating thickness influences to stitch bonding of palladium coated copper wires
    Sock Chien Tey, Kok-Tee Lau, Mohd Edderozey Abd. Manaf
    16th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology Icept 2015, 2015
  • Arc vapour deposition of iron film during magnetron sputtering of Ti film: Effect of substrate's materials and surface roughness
    International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2015
  • Influence of dispersion formulating process on surface roughness and microstructure of poly(vinyliden fluoride) films by electrophoretic deposition
    Malaysian Journal of Microscopy, 2015
  • Substrate-free thick-film lead zirconate titanate (PZT) performance measurement using Berlincourt method
    Swee Leong Kok, Kok Tee Lau, Qumrul Ahsan
    Advanced Materials Research, 2014
  • Chemical composition analysis of TiAlBN nanocomposite coating deposited via RF magnetron sputtering
    Zulkifli Mohd Rosli, Zainab Mahamud, Wai Loon Kwan, Jariah Mohamad Juoi, K.T. Lau
    Key Engineering Materials, 2014
  • Effect of charging agents on electrophoretic deposition of titanium particles
    Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 2013
  • Electrophoretic mobilities of dissolved polyelectrolyte charging agent and suspended non-colloidal titanium during electrophoretic deposition
    Kok-Tee Lau, C.C. Sorrell
    Materials Science and Engineering B, 2011
  • Effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on the current transport properties of Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor tapes with nanopowder CoFe2O 4 addition
    K. T. Lau, M. M. Awang Kechik, Weesiong Chiu, S. Radiman, R-Abd Shukor, Agus Setyo Budi, Mohd Nizam Ayof, H. B. Senin, N. H. Idris
    Aip Conference Proceedings, 2007
  • Enhanced flux pinning in Ag-sheathed Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors tapes with addition of magnetic nanorod γ-Fe2O3
    K. T. Lau, S. Y. Yahya, R. Abd-Shukor
    Journal of Applied Physics, 2006
  • Transport critical current density of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O/Ag superconductor tapes with addition of magnetic nanopowder γ-Fe2O3
    S.Y. Yahya, M.H. Jumali, K.T. Lau, R. Abd-Shukor
    Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2005
  • Pinning strength in Ag-sheathed Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor tapes studied from current-electric field characteristics
    K. T. Lau, R. Abd-Shukor
    Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics, 2005
  • Comparative study on the transport critical current density of Bi-2223 and Tl-1212 Ag-sheathed superconductor tapes in low magnetic fields
    K.T Lau, S.K Chen, R Abd-Shukor
    Physica C Superconductivity and Its Applications, 2002
  • Transport critical current density of Ag-sheathed Pr-doped (Tl,Cr)Sr2CaCu2O7 superconductor tapes in applied magnetic field
    S. K. Chen, K. T. Lau, R. Abd-Shukor
    Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics, 2002
  • Thermomechanical processing and transport current density of Ag-sheathed (Tl,Cr)Sr2(Ca0.9,Pr0.1)Cu2 O7 superconductor tapes
    S.K Chen, K.T Lau, R Abd-Shukor
    Materials Science and Engineering B, 2002
  • Effect of intermediate rolling on the transport properties of Ag-sheathed (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox superconductor tapes
    K T Lau, S K Chen, R Abd-Shukor
    Superconductor Science and Technology, 2002