Psychological and Sociodemographic Variables Associated with Increased Anxiety and Anxiety Symptoms in Older Adults: A Scoping Review Jesús Enrique Sotelo-Ojeda, Christian Oswaldo Acosta-Quiroz, Raquel García-Flores, Ana Luisa Mónica González-Celis Rangel, Erick Alberto Medina-Jiménez Geriatrics Switzerland, 2025 Background/Objectives: There is a high prevalence of anxiety and anxiety symptoms in older adults, which can have cognitive, emotional, and physical repercussions on older adults. It is important to understand the risk factors from psychological variables and sociodemographic variables that may be influencing anxiety symptoms to generate more effective interventions based on modifiable variables. In this context, the objective of this review was to identify psychological and sociodemographic variables as risk factors for anxiety and anxiety symptoms in older adults. Methods: The Scoping review followed the guidelines of the (PRISMA-ScR 2018). Five databases were used to reduce bias and identify relevant evidence: Medline via Ovid, PUBMED, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Results: A total of 2150 articles were identified across the five databases; 16 articles were included for data synthesis and methodological quality assessment. Conclusions: The variables that maintain the strongest association as both risk and protective factors are age, female sex, physical activity, physical health or medical conditions, depression, perceived and family support, and social and family participation. However, methodological limitations—including inconsistent definitions, diverse and often inadequate measurement tools, and lack of causal inference—restrict the generalizability of findings. These results underscore the need for validated age-appropriate instruments and more rigorous research designs in geriatric anxiety studies.
Behavioral Activation Therapy for Depression Led by Health Personnel in Older People: A Scoping Review Erick A. Medina-Jiménez, Christian O. Acosta-Quiroz, Raquel García-Flores, Sara G. Aguilar-Navarro, Jesús E. Sotelo-Ojeda Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 2024 Behavioral activation therapy is presented as a promising psychological intervention to enhance depression management and related symptoms by increasing engagement in rewarding activities. This study reviews three research endeavors, including randomized controlled trials and a case study. Variability in intervention duration and training approaches is noted, although typically, eight sessions per week were conducted. Therapy components range from participating in pleasurable activities to ongoing support outside sessions. The process of evidence source selection relied on identifying 327 articles across four databases, with three selected for review, utilizing the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. This ensured rigorous eligibility criteria and a structured methodology for data collection. Overall, these findings support the effectiveness and applicability of behavioral activation therapy in treating depression in older adults. Training non-specialized healthcare personnel would improve the overall quality of medical care and facilitate the dissemination of evidence-based therapies. This, in turn, could be crucial in closing the psychotherapeutic care gap that exists in low and middle-income countries.
Adaptation and Validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) in Community-Dwelling Older Mexican Adults Erick Alberto Medina-Jiménez, Christian Oswaldo Acosta-Quiroz, Raquel García-Flores Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 2023 The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the FES-I scale in community-dwelling older Mexican adults. Participants were 222 older adults, with a mean age of 70 years; 75% were women who completed a sociodemographic data sheet, a Spanish version of the FES-I scale, intended to explore measures of depression, quality of life, and instrumental activities of daily living. Discriminant validity was demonstrated for all items on the FES-I scale and when groups of older adults were compared according to age. Evidence of internal consistency was found in all the items of the FES-I scale (α = .91) and convergent and divergent validity of the FES-I scale with measures of depression and quality of life, except instrumental activities of daily living. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis shows that the FES-I scale partially retains its two-factor measurement properties since five items were removed from the model to fit the data. The FES-I scale is a valid and reliable measure for clinical evaluations of fear of falls in older Mexican adults in the community.
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