mohd shukri mat nor
@Jeli Agricultural Technology
Jeli Agricultural Technology
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Chemical Engineering
Environmental Science
Chemistry
Technology
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
S. Ahamad, S.N.H. Mohammad Azmin, M.S. Mat Nor, P.S. Abdullah, and H.Y. Ch'ng
Rynnye Lyan Resources
Watermelon rind contributes about 30% of overall watermelon mass and is considered the most underutilized resource as it is usually discarded as waste. Watermelon rind resources have great potential economic value in various industries. Thus, utilizing the rind could decrease the amount of biological waste in the environment. Therefore, this study aims to determine the optimal conditions in extracting oven and dehydrator drying watermelon rind using a sonicator extraction procedure. Watermelon rind samples were evaluated using a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) evaluation to identify the most significant factor for the sonicator extraction time (0.5-3 hrs), ethanol concentration (20-100%), solvent-tosolid ratio (10:1-50:1 v/w), and sample drying time (24-48 hrs) parameters. The highest yield obtained for the oven drying sample was at one hr extraction time (15%), 100% ethanol concentration (12.5%), 30:1 v/w ratio (12%), and 48 hrs drying (9%). Meanwhile, the extraction yield of dehydrator drying sample was optimized at one hr of extraction time with 10% yield 100% of ethanol concentration with 15.4% yield, 40:1 v/w of solvent ratio with 14.7% yield, and 48 hrs of drying with 8% yield. The optimum extract yield of dehydrator drying sample could be further applied for cosmeceutical application as it produced higher yield compared to oven drying sample.
S.N.H. Mohammad Azmin, I.A. Nasrudin, M.S. Mat Nor, P.S. Abdullah, and H.Y. Ch'ng
Rynnye Lyan Resources
Rice husk and sweet potato peel are agricultural waste with high potential and economic interest. The utilization of these materials in product development will provide substantial improvement toward waste reduction. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a food packaging bioplastic using potato peel and rice husk. The optimization of three parameters (ratio of silica, the volume of glycerol and volume poured) was set in Design Expert Software version 13 to find the best formulation. The software set eighteen formulations to measure advanced bioplastic thickness, density, and moisture content. The optimum formulation exhibits thickness, density and moisture content with the value of 1.87 mm, 0.196 g/mL and 31.224%, respectively. In response surface methodology, bioplastic formulation was optimized using central composite design (CCD). The statistical model displayed an excellent fit with standard deviation, R2 data. The R2 for thickness was 0.8946, while 0.9516 for density and 0.96 for moisture content. These values were close to 1, indicating the significant effect on the tested conditions to get the optimum formulation.
Siti Nuurul Huda Mohammad Azmin, Nur Farahani Abdul Rahman, Mohd Shukri Mat Nor, Palsan Sannasi Abdullah, Huck Ywih Ch’ng, and T. Tengku Halimatun Sa’adiah Abu Bakar
EDP Sciences
Lawsonia inermis or Henna is proven to give a natural dye to skin and hair. However, there is still a lack of studies evaluating the properties of Henna in terms of its phytochemical composition. Thus, this study aims to extract henna leaves using the freeze-dried method before testing the phytochemicals in the extract. This study also seeks to analyze the presence of chemicals in the plant extract. The Thin Layer Chromatography, TLC method was used to test the extract's antioxidant, phenolic and polyphenol compounds. Gas Chromatography was applied to analyze the presence of chemicals in the plant extract. This study found that the extract of henna leaves contained antioxidants, phenolic, and polyphenol compounds. There are four chemicals found in the plant sample that show antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. This study proves that Henna leaves are composed of dye and other valuable compounds that could benefit the body. Hence, the application for this leave could be extended not only for dye purposes but also for others.
Syifa’ Muhammad Sharifuddin, Mohd Shukri Mat Nor, Fathin Asila Mohd Pabli, Wannarat Chueangchayaphan, Zainal Arifin Ahmad, and Muhammad Azwadi Sulaiman
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Siti Nuurul Huda Mohammad Azmin, Nur Solehin Sulaiman, Mohd Shukri Mat Nor, Palsan Sannasi Abdullah, Zulhisyam Abdul Kari, and Siddhartha Pati
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Shahirah Ahamad, Siti Nuurul Huda Mohammad Azmin, Mohd Shukri Mat Nor, Nur Dini Dayana Zamzuri, and Muhammad Babar
Wiley
Siti Nuurul Huda Mohammad Azmin, Yasmin Nur Iman Saidin, Mohd Shukri Mat Nor, Palsan Sannasi Abdullah, and Ch’ng Huck Ywih
AIP Publishing
Siti Nuurul Huda Mohammad Azmin, Zaitie Fatiha Zainal Abidin, Nur Solehin Sulaiman, Mohd Shukri Mat Nor, and Palsan Sannasi Abdullah
AIP Publishing
. The abundance of natural and homemade claimed cosmetic products is increasing. However, these products do not undergo any tests for safety to the users. The usage of perishable plants, yet very high in a beneficial active compound like a tomato in the cosmetic product formulation, is very beneficial. Hence, this study focuses on the stability evaluation of tomato lip balm. Before the extraction of tomato starts, heavy metal analysis was conducted on the tomato sample to ensure that the plant source is free from any heavy metal contamination. Three lip balms (X, Y, Z) were formulated and examined for their stability at two different temperatures for four weeks. Finally, a commercial lip balm was used as a reference to compare the physicochemical properties of the formulated lip balms. This study found that the tomato sample used in this study is safe as the heavy metal concentrations are lower than the permitted value by FAO/WHO, which are 0.0015, 73.3 and 0.0981 mg/kg for the mean concentration of cadmium, copper and zinc in tomato respectively. These three lip balms are stable in both temperatures, room temperature (27°C) and refrigerator (4°C), while formulation Z shows the nearest properties with the commercial lip balm resulted in hardness, 49.00 and pH, 3.16. Thus, tomato could be applied as one of the plant sources in lip balm formulation.
S N H Mohammad Azmin and M S Mat Nor
IOP Publishing
Studies on the effect of different solvent used in herbal extraction on the extraction yield have been commonly investigated. However, the impact of solvent property, such as boiling point attracts less attention. Besides, the measurement of the solvent boiling point requires much time and effort. Therefore, this study aims to use property models in predicting the boiling point of single and mixture solvents. Three pure property models were applied for several solvents while two mixture property models were utilised for the selected mixture solvents. The prediction data then were compared with the experimental data obtained from the previously published result. The mean relative error was computed to choose the best property model that can be applied to calculate the boiling point. In this study, the Marrero and Gani’s method was selected to be the best model in predicting boiling point for pure solvent. In contrast, Klein and Wu’s method was chosen as the best model for the boiling point prediction of mixture solvents. The selection of the best property model was made by choosing the lowest mean relative error.
S N H Mohammad Azmin, A S Abdul Halim, and M S Mat Nor
IOP Publishing
Natural compounds from herbal plants have been extensively used for the application of various natural care products, including ointment. The essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus has been widely used in multiple applications such as mosquito repellent, perfumery and soap making. Besides, a small dose of this plant’s volatile oil could be applied to comfort the stomach and aid digestion. Therefore, this study aims to formulate herbal ointments with varying Cymbopogon nardus oil concentration and investigate different oil concentration effects on the ointment properties. In this study, five ointment formulations of ratio virgin coconut oil to herb, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10, were evaluated. At the same time, five infused oil ratios to beeswax (5:95, 10:90, 15:85, 20:80 and 25:75) were used. Preparation of Cymbopogon nardus oil involved the soaking of the prepared plant in virgin coconut oil. The infused oil then was mixed with the beeswax before it was heated and left to be semi-solid (ointment). The ointment then was tested for physicochemical properties, including hardness, viscosity, pH, turbidity, and colour. The developed ointment showed a good result within pH 6-7.5. Ointment from Cymbopogon nardus showed light green as visually observed. However, the colour became darker when the ratio of Cymbopogon nardus increased. The developed ointments’ viscosity was almost the same as the commercial which the values were within 19.3-25 Pa.s. The comparison of the physicochemical properties of the developed and commercial ointments was almost similar. Thus, the developed ointment in this study can be considered safe and natural. However, the microbial and clinical tests must be conducted in further study to ensure the product’s safety.
Siti Nuurul Huda Mohammad Azmin, Aisha Amira Abd Razak, and Mohd Shukri Mat Nor
IOP Publishing
Suziey Syamimi Sukri, Syifa’ Muhamad Sharifuddin, Mohd Shukri Mat Nor, Fathin Asila Mohd Pabl, Julie Juliewatty Mohamed, Wannarat Chueangchayaphan, and Muhammad Azwadi Sulaiman
IOP Publishing
Fathin Asila Mohd Pabl, Teo Wei Na, Syifa’ Muhamad Sharifuddin, Mohd Shukri Mat Nor, Wan Fahmin Faiz Wan Ali, Mohd Fadzil Ain, Julie Juliewatt, and Muhammad Azwad Sulaiman
IOP Publishing
Siti Nuurul Huda Mohammad Azmin, Nurul Aqilah Yosri, Nur Solehin Sulaiman, Mohd Shukri Mat Nor, and Palsan Sannasi Abdullah
IOP Publishing
Siti Nuurul Huda Mohammad Azmin, Najah Aliah binti Mohd Hayat, and Mohd Shukri Mat Nor
Elsevier BV
Suziey Syamimi Sukri, Syifa' Muhamad Sharifuddin, Mohd Shukri Mat Nor, Fathin Asila Mohd Pabli, Piyawadee Luangchuang, Wannarat Chueangchayaphan, and Muhammad Azwadi Sulaiman
Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Electroceramic with high magnetic properties such as ZnFe2O4 is widely used in many electronic device applications. One of the major drawbacks of electroceramic is the difficulty in molding and processing into desired shapes due to its brittle nature. Flexible electroceramic with the superior process and mold abilities can be made by mixing magnetic ceramic with a flexible matrix, for instance, rubber. In this present study, the aims were to produce ZnFe2O4 loaded epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 25) as well as to determine its electrical and curing properties. The magnetic ceramic of ZnFe2O4 was blended with ENR 25 at different loadings varying from 0 to 120 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) in an interval of 20. The properties of produced composites include scorch time, cure time, torque and dielectric properties were characterised. The results demonstrated that the increase of ZnFe2O4 concentration in ENR 25 leads to a significant increase in the dielectric constant from 4.94 to 5.62 at 1.15 MHz, and decrease in the dielectric loss curves of the composites start from 0.0827 to 0.0586. Furthermore, the results of curing property studies exhibited an increasing pattern of the composite torques, starting from 1.43 to 1.76 dN.m.
Syifa' Muhamad Sharifuddin, Mohd Shukri Mat Nor, Fathin Asila Mohd Pabli, Piyawadee Luangchuang, Wannarat Chueangchayaphan, and Muhammad Azwadi Sulaiman
Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
A study on polymer-ceramic composite, CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) embedded in epoxidised natural rubber (ENR-25) were successfully fabricated through mixing method using an internal mixer and two-roll mill followed by hot-pressed via compression moulding for a potential electronic device such as a flexible capacitor. CCTO powders were successfully synthesised through a solid-state reaction and calcined at 900 °C for 12 hours. The ENR-25 was blended with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 phr (part per hundreds of rubber) of CCTO powders. Thermal stability and degradation are crucial properties for the composite based polymer. Therefore, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) used to find out the thermal reaction and degradation mechanism of CCTO/ENR-25 composites. Besides, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) also used to investigate glass transition temperature (Tg) and storage modulus. TGA/DSC showed a two-step degradation mechanism with increasing thermal stability over increasing filler content of CCTO and only showed a major endothermic reaction. However, for DMA there is no significant difference in Tg value between each composite but showed high storage modulus up to 4398 MPa for 120 phr. High storage modulus indicates the high stiffness of the composite. In conclusion, the addition of filler content will show high thermal stability, storage modulus, and stiffness of CCTO/ENR-25 composites.
Siti Nuurul Huda Mohammad Azmin, Nurshafieera Idayu Mat Jaine, and Mohd Shukri Mat Nor
Informa UK Limited
Nowadays, people are demanding on the naturally derived cosmetic products, including lip balms. However, there is a lack of studies for the physicochemical properties of the formulated lip balms. B...
Mohd Shukri Mat Nor, Z. Manan, A. A. Mustaffa and Suan Lee
Flavonoids are phytochemicals extensively used in the pharmaceutical, food, and pigment industries. They have many important biological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and anti-viral. The importance of flavonoids has motivated the development of many processes for the manufacture of flavonoids derivative products. The aim of this study is to develop a new set of Universal Functional Activity Coefficient (UNIFAC) parameters for solubility prediction of flavonoids in organic solvents. In this study, group interaction parameters of the UNIFAC have been regressed and improved from the solubility experimental data of flavonoids based on the activity coefficient model through the thermodynamic modelling of Solid- Liquid Equilibrium (SLE) relationship which involves an iterative step. The results showed that a more accurate prediction (lower prediction error) could be obtained using the new parameters. By using our developed parameter for flavonoids, better agreements were obtained between the experimental and the predicted values by the UNIFAC model with less than 5.57 % deviation. The results indicated that the newly developed UNIFAC-based model can adequately be used to represent the measured data with good accuracy and can be useful for the purpose of solubility estimation for flavonoids in various solvents.
Mohd Shukri Mat Nor, Zainuddin Abd Manan, Azizul Azri Mustaffa, and Chua Lee Suan
Elsevier
Orthosiphon Staminues (OS) is a species of herbs locally known in Malaysia as Misai Kucing. This study aims to analyse the performance of existing group contribution models in predicting the solubilities of phytochemical compounds from OS in ethanol. The compounds are oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and betulinic acid which have properties of pharmaceutical importance. The solubility experimental data of the compounds in ethanol were derived from the literature and were compared with the predictions made by the original UNIFAC, Modified UNIFAC (Dortmund), and Pharma Modified UNIFAC. The very high ranges of ARD values of between 40.86% to 98.6% calculated in this work shows that the models presented in this paper are not able to accurately predict the solubility of the studied phytochemical compounds in ethanol.