2018 – 2020 Latvian Council of Science Fund (LZP-2018/2-0249) „Long-term properties of innovative cement composites in various stress-strain conditions”; researcher
EDUCATION
2018 – present PhD in Construction Materials and Technology, Structural Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
2017 – 2018 Professional Master's degree in Civil Engineering, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
2012 – 2017 Professional Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering and Civil Engineer's qualification, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Alkali activated cement composites, geopolymer composites, cement composites, creep and shrinkage strains, long - term deformations, Image analysis of polished and thin sections, polished section analysis using SEM
22
Scopus Publications
271
Scholar Citations
10
Scholar h-index
11
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Prospective LCA for 3D-Printed Foamed Geopolymer Composites Using Construction Waste as Additives Karina Balina, Rihards Gailitis, Maris Sinka, Pauls Pavils Argalis, Liga Radina, Andina Sprince Sustainability Switzerland, 2025 Additive manufacturing has recently become popular and more cost-effective for building construction. This study presents a prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) of 3D-printed foamed geopolymer composites (3D-FOAM materials) incorporating construction and demolition waste. The materials were developed using fly ash, slag, sand, and a foaming agent, with recycled clay brick waste (CBW) and autoclaved aerated concrete waste (AACW) added as alternative raw materials. The material formulations were evaluated for their compressive strength and thermal conductivity to define two functional units that reflect structural and thermal performance. A prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted under laboratory-scale conditions using the ReCiPe 2016 method. Results show that adding CBW and AACW reduces environmental impacts across several categories, including global warming potential and ecotoxicity, without compromising material performance. Compared to conventional wall systems, the 3D-FOAM materials offer a viable low-impact alternative when assessed on a functional basis. These findings highlight the potential of integrating recycled materials into additive manufacturing to support circular economy goals in the construction sector.
Mechanical and Early Long-Term Property Assessment of Foamed 3D-Printable Geopolymer Composite Rihards Gailitis, Liga Radina, Leonids Pakrastins, Andina Sprince Materials, 2025 Additive manufacturing has been of considerable interest for the last 10 years. Cementitious composites have been developed to ensure fast and effective structure printing. To address sustainability and reduce the environmental impact of Portland cement-based composites, geopolymer composites have been developed that can be printed. This brings us to this study’s aim, which is to allow the printing of recycled lightweight structures with not only the ability to act as a structural material but also insulation capabilities. This study focuses on mix design development and the mechanical strength, creep, and shrinkage properties of these composites. The results show that foamed 3D-printed fly ash-based geopolymer composites may have reduced compressive strength, but still have sufficient strength to be used as a structural material. Furthermore, their creep and shrinkage strain are lower than those of the composite without foaming agent introduction.
Cyclic Load Impact Assessment of Long-Term Properties in Compression to Steel and Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibre-Reinforced Geopolymer Composites Rihards Gailitis, Andina Sprince, Michał Łach, Pavels Gavrilovs, Leonids Pakrastins Materials, 2023 This study investigates the cyclic load application impact on fly-ash-based geopolymer composites that are reinforced with a low amount of fibre reinforcement. For reinforcement purposes, polyvinyl alcohol and steel fibres are used. For testing purposes, four geopolymer composite mixes were made, three of which had fibre reinforcement. Simultaneously, specimens were tested for shrinkage, static-load-induced creep, and cyclic-load-induced creep. For static and cyclic creep testing, specimens were loaded with 20% of their strength. For cyclic creep testing, load application and release cycles were seven days long. When each cycle was introduced, the load was applied in steps. Necessary load application or unloading lasted for 5 min and consisted of four steps, each 25% of the necessary load. From the long-term static and cyclic creep tests, it was seen that only the plain specimens showed that static creep strains are within cyclic creep strains. For all the other specimens, the static load was higher than the cyclic-load-induced creep amplitude. Also, 1% polyvinyl alcohol fibre-reinforced specimens showed the most elastic characteristics under cyclic load, and 1% steel fibre-reinforced specimens appeared to be the most resistant to the cyclic load introduction.
Foamed geopolymers: a review of recent studies L Radina, A Sprince, L Pakrastins, R Gailitis, G Sakale Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2023 Undoubtedly, current environmental trends force scientists to search for a way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the production process of building materials. Geopolymers have been called as a potential alternative to traditional concrete for decades, allowing us to obtain more sustainable and durable materials with good thermal and reasonable mechanical properties and solve the problems related to waste materials utilization. Despite the great interest of scientists and the many advantages both in the production process of geopolymers and in terms of material properties, this idea looks unattainable in the near future, so it is worth investigating alternative ways of geopolymer applications. Thereby this review paper summarizes the recent progress in the field of foamed geopolymer concrete, focusing on the different preparation methods, material base, as well as information about the obstacles and challenges that hinder the transition of foamed geopolymers from research laboratories to real application in the civil engineering. This report also describes the density, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, pore size and distribution. A random sampling method and descriptive analysis were used in the preparation of a review, taking into account the year of publication, used materials, availability and the number of citations.
Impact of Polypropylene, Steel, and PVA Fibre Reinforcement on Geopolymer Composite Creep and Shrinkage Deformations Rihards Gailitis, Andina Sprince, Tomass Kozlovksis, Leonids Pakrastins, Viktorija Volkova Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2023 For the last 40 years, there has been increased interest in geopolymer composite development and its mechanical properties. In the last decades, there have been cases when geopolymer composites have been used for civil engineering purposes, such as buildings and infrastructure projects. The main benefit of geopolymer binder usage is that it has a smaller impact on the environment than the Portland cement binder. Emissions caused by geopolymer manufacturing are at least two times less than emissions caused by Portland cement manufacturing. As geopolymer polymerization requires elevated temperature, it also has a significant moisture evaporation effect that further increases shrinkage. It can lead to increased cracking and reduced service life of the structures. Due to this concern, for long-term strain reduction, such as plastic and drying shrinkage and creep, fibre reinforcement is added to constrain the development of stresses in the material. This research aims to determine how different fibre reinforcements would impact geopolymer composites creep and shrinkage strains. Specimens for long-term property testing purposes were prepared with 1% of steel fibres, 1% polypropylene fibres (PP), 0.5% steel and 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol fibres, 5% PP fibres, and without fibres (plain geopolymer). The lowest creep strains are 5% PP fibre specimens, followed by 1% PP fibre, plain, 0.5% steel fibre and 0.5% PVA fibre, and 1% steel fibre specimens. The lowest specific creep is to 5% PP fibre reinforced specimens closely followed by 1% PP fibre followed by 0.5% steel and 0.5% PVA fibre, plain and 1% steel fibre reinforced composites. Specimens with 0.5% steel and 0.5 PVA fibre showed the highest compressive strength, followed by 1% PP fibre specimens, plain specimens, 1% steel fibre, and 5% PP fibre reinforced specimens. Only specimens with 1% PP fibre and 0.5% steel, and a 0.5% PVA fibre inclusion showed improved mechanical properties. Geopolymer concrete mix with 1% PP fibre inclusion and 0.5% steel and 0.5% PVA fibre inclusion have a 4.7% and 11.3% higher compressive strength. All the other fibre inclusion into mixes showed significant decreases in mechanical properties.
Different Fiber Reinforcement Effects on Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Long-Term Deflection in Three-Point Bending and Microstructure Rihards Gailitis, Leonids Pakrastins, Andina Sprince, Liga Radina, Gita Sakale, Krzysztof Miernik Materials, 2022 This study investigated the effect of a low amount of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and steel fiber reinforcement on fly ash-based geopolymer composite long-term deflection and its microstructure. For testing purposes, specimens with different amounts and types of fiber reinforcement as well as plain (reference) were prepared. The long-term deflection test was performed by loading specimens with 40% of the ultimate flexural strength. A microstructure analysis was performed using polished section specimens, and images were acquired at 25-times magnification on a scanning electron microscope. The results of the flexural strength test show that all geopolymer composites with fiber reinforcement have lower flexural strength than plain geopolymer composites. The long-term deflection tests show that the highest deflections exhibit 1% PVA fiber-reinforced specimens. The lowest amount of deflection is for 1% steel fiber-reinforced specimens. Specific creep shows similar results to plain, and 1% steel fiber-reinforced specimens, while 1% PVA and 0.5% PVA/0.5% steel fiber-reinforced specimen exhibits the same properties. The quantitative microanalysis of the polished section further confirms the deflection results. Specimens with 1% PVA fiber reinforcement have significantly higher porosity than all other specimens. They are followed by plain specimens and 1% steel fiber, and 0.5% PVA/0.5 steel fiber-reinforced specimens have almost the same porosity level.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGY FOR EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION FOR INELASTIC 3D MATERIAL MODEL Eccm 2022 Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Composite Materials Composites Meet Sustainability, 2022
Creep and shrinkage behaviour of disintegrated and non-disintegrated cement mortar Rihards Gailitis, Beata Figiela, Kalvis Abelkalns, Andina Sprince, Genadijs Sahmenko, Marta Choinska, Martin Duarte Guigou Materials, 2021 One way to prevent cement from ending up in landfills after its shelf life is to regain its activity and reuse it as a binder. As has been discovered, milling by planetary ball mill is not effective. Grinding by collision is considered a more efficient way to refine brittle material and, in the case of cement, to regain its activity. There has been considerable research regarding the partial replacement of cement using disintegrated cement in mortar or concrete in the past few decades. This article determines and compares the creep and shrinkage properties of cement mortar specimens made from old disintegrated, old non-disintegrated, and new non-disintegrated Portland cement. The tests show that the creep strains for old disintegrated and old non-disintegrated cement mortars are close, within a 2% margin of each other. However, the creep strains for new non-disintegrated cement mortar are 30% lower. Shrinkage for old disintegrated and non-disintegrated cement mortar is 20% lower than for new non-disintegrated cement mortar. The research shows that disintegration is a viable procedure to make old cement suitable for structural application from a long-term property standpoint. Additionally, it increases cement mortar compressive strength by 49% if the cement is disintegrated together with sand.
Foamed geopolymer composites with the addition of glass wool waste Barbara Kozub, Patrycja Bazan, Rihards Gailitis, Kinga Korniejenko, Dariusz Mierzwiński Materials, 2021 This study examines foamed geopolymer composites based on fly ash from the Skawina coal-fired power plant in Poland. The paper presents the effect of adding 3% and 5% by weight of glass wool waste on selected properties of foamed geopolymers. The scope of the tests carried out included density measurements, compressive and bending strength tests, measurements of the heat conduction coefficient, and the results of measurements of changes in thermal radiation in samples subjected to a temperature of 800 °C. The obtained results indicate that glass wool waste can be successfully used to lower the density and heat conduction coefficient of foamed geopolymer composites with a fly ash matrix. In addition, the results of changes in thermal radiation in the samples subjected to the temperature of 800 °C showed a positive effect of the addition of glass wool waste. Moreover, the introduction of the addition of glass wool waste made it possible to increase the compressive strength of the examined foamed geopolymers. For the material modified with 3% by weight of mineral wool, the increase in compressive strength was about 10%, and the increase in fibers in the amount of 5% by weight resulted in an increase of 20% concerning the base material. The obtained results seem promising for future applications. Such materials can be used in technical constructions as thermal insulation materials.
Long-term properties of foamed concrete Rihards Gailitis, Andina Sprince, Leonids Pakrastins, Genadijs Shakhmenko, Tomass Kozlovskis, Liga Radina Selected Papers of the 13th International Conference Modern Building Materials Structures and Techniques Mbmst 2019, 2019
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Prospective LCA for 3D-Printed Foamed Geopolymer Composites Using Construction Waste as Additives K Balina, R Gailitis, M Sinka, PP Argalis, L Radina, A Sprince Sustainability 17 (14), 6459 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Impact on Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Composite Long-Term Properties in Compression and Three-Point Bending by Increased Amount of PVA and Steel Fiber Reinforcement R Gailitis, L Radina, L Pakrastins, WT Lin, A Sprince International Conference of Steel and Composite for Engineering Structures … , 2025 2025
Mechanical and Early Long-Term Property Assessment of Foamed 3D-Printable Geopolymer Composite R Gailitis, L Radina, L Pakrastins, A Sprince Materials 18 (12), 2837 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Cyclic Load Impact Assessment of Long-Term Properties in Compression to Steel and Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibre-Reinforced Geopolymer Composites R Gailitis, A Sprince, M Łach, P Gavrilovs, L Pakrastins Materials 16 (18), 6128 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
Cyclic Load Impact Assessment on Long-Term Properties to Steel and PVA Fibre Reinforced Geopolymer Composites R Gailitis, A Sprince, M Łach, P Gavrilovs, L Pakrastins Preprints , 2023 2023
Early-age creep and shrinkage properties of printed and cast cement composite R Gailitis, P Pudans, K Ziemelis, G Bumanis, A Sprince Materials Proceedings 13 (1), 35 , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
Potential use of construction waste for the production of geopolymers: A review L Radina, A Sprince, L Pakrastins, R Gailitis, G Sakale Materials Proceedings 13 (1), 2 , 2023 2023 Citations: 15
Early-Age Creep and Shrinkage Properties of Printed and Cast Cement Composite. Mater. Proc. 2023, 13, 35 R Gailitis, P Pudans, K Ziemelis, G Bumanis, A Sprince 2023
Foamed geopolymers: A review of recent studies L Radina, A Sprince, L Pakrastins, R Gailitis, G Sakale Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2423 (1), 012032 , 2023 2023 Citations: 7
Impact of polypropylene, steel, and PVA fibre reinforcement on geopolymer composite creep and shrinkage deformations R Gailitis, A Sprince, T Kozlovksis, L Pakrastins, V Volkova Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2423 (1), 012030 , 2023 2023 Citations: 10
Different fiber reinforcement effects on fly ash-based geopolymer long-term deflection in three-point bending and microstructure R Gailitis, L Pakrastins, A Sprince, L Radina, G Sakale, K Miernik Materials 15 (23), 8512 , 2022 2022 Citations: 11
Development of methodology for experimental parameter identification for inelastic 3D material model L Pupure, J Varna, R Gailitis, Z Al-Maqdasi, L Pakrastins 20th European Conference on Composite Materials (ECCM20), June 26-30, 2022 … , 2022 2022 Citations: 2
Creep and shrinkage behaviour of disintegrated and non-disintegrated cement mortar R Gailitis, B Figiela, K Abelkalns, A Sprince, G Sahmenko, M Choinska, ... Materials 14 (24), 7510 , 2021 2021 Citations: 6
Tribo-mechanical behavior of geopolymer composites with wasted flax fibers P Bazan, B Kozub, K Korniejenko, R Gailitis, A Sprince IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1190 (1), 012030 , 2021 2021 Citations: 8
Tensile creep of cement and concrete composites: Monitoring by means of 2D-digital image correlation A Sprince, T Kozlovskis, R Gailitis, J Valivonis, K Korniejenko, A Castel Applied Sciences 11 (18), 8334 , 2021 2021
Foamed geopolymer composites with the addition of glass wool waste B Kozub, P Bazan, R Gailitis, K Korniejenko, D Mierzwiński Materials 14 (17), 4978 , 2021 2021 Citations: 42
Long-term properties of different fiber reinforcement effect on fly ash-based geopolymer composite R Gailitis, A Sprince, T Kozlovskis, L Radina, L Pakrastins, N Vatin Crystals 11 (7), 760 , 2021 2021 Citations: 36
Plain and PVA fibre-reinforced geopolymer compact tension specimen critical area surface composition assessment R Gailitis, A Sprince, L Pakrastins, P Bazan, K Korniejenko ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGY. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International … , 2021 2021 Citations: 5
Creep and Shrinkage Tests in Compression and Tension R Gailitis, A Sprince, L Pakrastins International RILEM Conference on Early-Age and Long-Term Cracking in RC … , 2021 2021
Reinforced and Plain Geopolymer Concrete Specimen Cross-Section Composition Influence on Creep Strains R Gailitis, A Sprince, L Pakrastins, K Korniejenko, T Kozlovskis Proceedings of the 4th International Rilem Conference on Microstructure … , 2021 2021 Citations: 3
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Foamed geopolymer composites with the addition of glass wool waste B Kozub, P Bazan, R Gailitis, K Korniejenko, D Mierzwiński Materials 14 (17), 4978 , 2021 2021 Citations: 42
Long-term properties of different fiber reinforcement effect on fly ash-based geopolymer composite R Gailitis, A Sprince, T Kozlovskis, L Radina, L Pakrastins, N Vatin Crystals 11 (7), 760 , 2021 2021 Citations: 36
Mierzwi nski, D B Kozub, P Bazan, R Gailitis, K Korniejenko Korniejenko, K. Fly-ash-based geopolymers reinforced by melamine fibers … , 2021 2021 Citations: 35
Comparison of the long-term properties of foamed concrete and geopolymer concrete in compression R Gailitis, K Korniejenko, A Sprince, L Pakrastins AIP Conference Proceedings 2239 (1), 020012 , 2020 2020 Citations: 22
Long-term deformation properties of a carbon-fiber-reinforced alkali-activated cement composite R Gailitis, J Sliseris, K Korniejenko, J Mikuła, M Łach, L Pakrastins, ... Mechanics of Composite Materials 56 (1), 85-92 , 2020 2020 Citations: 19
Potential use of construction waste for the production of geopolymers: A review L Radina, A Sprince, L Pakrastins, R Gailitis, G Sakale Materials Proceedings 13 (1), 2 , 2023 2023 Citations: 15
Different fiber reinforcement effects on fly ash-based geopolymer long-term deflection in three-point bending and microstructure R Gailitis, L Pakrastins, A Sprince, L Radina, G Sakale, K Miernik Materials 15 (23), 8512 , 2022 2022 Citations: 11
Long-term parameters of new cement composites A Sprince, L Pakrastins, R Gailitis International Conference on Application of Superabsorbent Polymers & Other … , 2019 2019 Citations: 11
Mechanical properties of geopolymer concretes reinforced with waste steel fibers R Gailitis, K Korniejenko, M Łach, J Sliseris, J Morán, E Rodriguez, ... IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 660 (1), 012007 , 2019 2019 Citations: 11
Impact of polypropylene, steel, and PVA fibre reinforcement on geopolymer composite creep and shrinkage deformations R Gailitis, A Sprince, T Kozlovksis, L Pakrastins, V Volkova Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2423 (1), 012030 , 2023 2023 Citations: 10
Drying Shrinkage Deformation Comparison Between Foam Concrete, Geopolymer Concrete, Disintegrated, and Non-disintegrated Cement Mortar R Gailitis, A Sprince, L Pakrastins, G Sahmenko, T Kozlovskis IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 660 (1), 012036 , 2019 2019 Citations: 10
Tribo-mechanical behavior of geopolymer composites with wasted flax fibers P Bazan, B Kozub, K Korniejenko, R Gailitis, A Sprince IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1190 (1), 012030 , 2021 2021 Citations: 8
Foamed geopolymers: A review of recent studies L Radina, A Sprince, L Pakrastins, R Gailitis, G Sakale Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2423 (1), 012032 , 2023 2023 Citations: 7
Creep and shrinkage behaviour of disintegrated and non-disintegrated cement mortar R Gailitis, B Figiela, K Abelkalns, A Sprince, G Sahmenko, M Choinska, ... Materials 14 (24), 7510 , 2021 2021 Citations: 6
Cyclic Load Impact Assessment of Long-Term Properties in Compression to Steel and Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibre-Reinforced Geopolymer Composites R Gailitis, A Sprince, M Łach, P Gavrilovs, L Pakrastins Materials 16 (18), 6128 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
Plain and PVA fibre-reinforced geopolymer compact tension specimen critical area surface composition assessment R Gailitis, A Sprince, L Pakrastins, P Bazan, K Korniejenko ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGY. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International … , 2021 2021 Citations: 5
Early-age creep and shrinkage properties of printed and cast cement composite R Gailitis, P Pudans, K Ziemelis, G Bumanis, A Sprince Materials Proceedings 13 (1), 35 , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
Reinforced and Plain Geopolymer Concrete Specimen Cross-Section Composition Influence on Creep Strains R Gailitis, A Sprince, L Pakrastins, K Korniejenko, T Kozlovskis Proceedings of the 4th International Rilem Conference on Microstructure … , 2021 2021 Citations: 3
Plain Geopolymer Concrete Cross-Section Surface Analysis after Creep and Shrinkage Tests in Compression and Tension R Gailitis, A Sprince, L Pakrastins, K Korniejenko, T Kozlovskis International RILEM Conference on Early-age and Long-term Cracking in RC … , 2021 2021 Citations: 3
Prospective LCA for 3D-Printed Foamed Geopolymer Composites Using Construction Waste as Additives K Balina, R Gailitis, M Sinka, PP Argalis, L Radina, A Sprince Sustainability 17 (14), 6459 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
GRANT DETAILS
2018 – 2020 Latvian Council of Science Fund (LZP-2018/2-0249) „Long-term properties of innovative cement composites in various stress-strain conditions”; senior researcher, chief executor