Land use changes and their impacts on the conservation of Dipteryx alata Vog. in the Cerrado extractivism corridor in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: a critical review Felipe Martini Santos, Henrique Fernandes Magalhães, Camilla Marques de Lucena, Eduardo Bezerra de Almeida Jr, Júlio Onésio Ferreira Melo, Júlia Graziela da Silveira, Ezequiel Da Costa Ferreira, Reinaldo Farias Paiva de Lucena Revista Brasileira De Geografia Fisica, 2024 A expansão agrícola no Brasil central restringiu o extrativismo do barueiro (Dipteryx alata), com alterações no uso da terra levando à fragmentação e perda de habitat, diminuindo a disponibilidade de frutos e o acesso para as comunidades locais. Esta revisão crítica examina os distúrbios no corredor extrativista do Cerrado de Mato Grosso do Sul causados por essas pressões antrópicas, com implicações para os sistemas socioprodutivos extrativistas dependentes do baru. O artigo avalia a confluência entre o desenvolvimento econômico e a qualidade ambiental, defendendo estratégias de conservação in situ como forma de manter a diversidade genética e a integridade ecológica. Destaca os esforços de conservação circa situm nas propriedades rurais, integrando o baru às práticas agrícolas. Esta abordagem garante a conservação genética do baru em paisagens modificadas e promove uma relação sinérgica com as operações econômicas. Além disso, o estudo acentua a incorporação do baru nos sistemas agroflorestais, o que poderia servir de modelo para a produção agrícola e pecuária sustentável, reforçando o papel do baru na bioeconomia regional e contribuindo para a resiliência da paisagem. A revisão propõe a integração do baru em tais sistemas como estratégia dinâmica para a restauração ecológica e sustentabilidade econômica, enfatizando o seu potencial para melhorar a biodiversidade e os serviços ecossistêmicos. Finalmente, a revisão pede um forte apoio político para a utilização e conservação do baru, alinhando-o com os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável e defendendo uma abordagem abrangente para o manejo da espécie como um símbolo de sustentabilidade e robustez econômica no Cerrado.
Mycobiome structure does not affect field litter decomposition in Eucalyptus and Acacia plantations Caio T. C. C. Rachid, Fabiano C. Balieiro, Raquel S. Peixoto, Eduardo S. Fonseca, Hugo E. Jesus, Etelvino H. Novotny, Guilherme M. Chaer, Felipe M. Santos, James M. Tiedje, Alexandre S. Rosado Frontiers in Microbiology, 2023 Mixed tree plantations have been studied because of their potential to improve biomass production, ecosystem diversity, and soil quality. One example is a mixture of Eucalyptus and Acacia trees, which is a promising strategy to improve microbial diversity and nutrient cycling in soil. We examined how a mixture of these species may influence the biochemical attributes and fungal community associated with leaf litter, and the effects on litter decomposition. We studied the litter from pure and mixed plantations, evaluating the effects of plant material and incubation site on the mycobiome and decomposition rate using litterbags incubated in situ. Our central hypothesis was litter fungal community would change according to incubation site, and it would interfere in litter decomposition rate. Both the plant material and the incubation locale significantly affected the litter decomposition. The origin of the litter was the main modulator of the mycobiome, with distinct communities from one plant species to another. The community changed with the incubation time but the incubation site did not influence the mycobiome community. Our data showed that litter and soil did not share the main elements of the community. Contrary to our hypothesis, the microbial community structure and diversity lacked any association with the decomposition rate. The differences in the decomposition pattern are explained basically as a function of the exchange of nitrogen compounds between the litter.
Nitrogen mineralisation and N2O emissions in pure and mixed-species plantations of Eucalyptus urograndis and Acacia mangium Felipe Martini Santos, Fabiano de Carvalho Balieiro, Danilo Henrique dos Santos Ataíde, Pedro Vaz da Rocha, Bruno JR Alves, Guilherme M Chaer Southern Forests, 2022 We hypothesised that N inputs to the soil from residues of adult trees of Acacia mangium Willd. increase soil nitrate availability and consequently induce higher nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes, irrespective of being in pure or mixed stands with Eucalyptus. A randomised block-design experiment was set up on Haplic Planosol in Brazil to study the impact of monospecific stands of Eucalyptus urograndis (Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake × Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden) fertilised with 120 kg N ha−1 (E100+N) and A. mangium (A100), along with the mixture of both species (E50A50) on soil N mineralisation and its relationship with soil N2O emissions. In situ monitoring of N mineralisation, N2O emissions and the soil N stocks was carried out between five- and six-year-old plantations. The total soil net mineralisation of N that was accumulated in plantations A100 and E50A50 was on average 3.5- and 2.5-times greater than in the E100+N plantation. The NO3− produced throughout the year by the plantations was proportional to the total net mineralisation, according to the following order of production scale: A100 > E50A50 > E100+N. Furthermore, N2O emissions in the plantations that included A. mangium (A100 and E50A50) were significantly higher in some periods of the year, as compared with in the E100+N plantation. This pattern caused a more pronounced curve of accumulated N2O emissions under A. mangium plantations (pure and mixed) as compared with the monospecific Eucalyptus plantation (E100+N). However, the magnitude of N accumulation emissions suggests that mixed plantations could increase the nutritional status of sandy soils.
Leaching of heavy metals in soils conditioned with biosolids from sewage sludge Thaís Campos, Guilherme Chaer, Paulo dos Santos Leles, Marcelo Silva, Felipe Santos Floresta E Ambiente, 2019 A promising use of biosolids is as organic fertilizer in agricultural and forestry activities. However, its composition might contain several pollutants, especially heavy metals, which may result in an increase in the concentrations of these elements in the soil and the risk of groundwater contamination. This study aimed to determine the leaching levels of ions in a Ferralsol (clayey texture) and in a Planosol (sandy texture). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro state. Soils were packed in PVC columns and received 2 L/column of biosolids. The concentrations of heavy metals present in the biosolids composition were below the limits established by the legislation (CONAMA 375). In addition, the performed simulations showed the absence of contamination risk of soil or groundwater and surface water, according to the limits allowed by CONAMA 375. However, it should be emphasized the potential of nitrate leaching.
Contrasts in areas of rubber tree clones in regard to soil and biomass carbon stocks Anderson Ribeiro Diniz, Marcos Gervasio Pereira, Fabiano de Carvalho Balieiro, Eduardo Vinicius da Silva, Felipe Martini Santos, Francy Junio Gonçalves Lisboa, Aldo Bezerra de Oliveira, Renato Barbosa da Cruz Revista Brasileira De Ciencia do Solo, 2015