Astrit Gashi
@uni-pr.edu
Faculty of Medicine
University of Prishtina
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scopus Publications
Sahadete Shala, Merita Krasniqi, and Astrit Gashi
International Medical Research and Development Corporation
Cesarean delivery (CD), or C-section, which prevents injury and death in mothers and babies at higher risk of complicated deliveries, like any surgery, does carry a risk of complications. By reviewing the medical literature and analyzing documented CD cases, we examined the spectrum of iatrogenic injuries, including unintentional injuries, affecting both maternal and neonatal outcomes. This case report describes iatrogenic bladder damage after CD in a 31-year-old woman who had a previous emergency CD two years ago. This case calls for a comprehensive approach to minimize iatrogenic risks and optimize maternal and neonatal well-being during repeat СD.
Brikene Elshani, Astrit Gashi, Besa Selimi, and Arion Elshani
International Medical Research and Development Corporation
Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is an extremely rare and severe genetic skin disorder characterized by thick, diamond-shaped scales covering the body, often giving the appearance of a harlequin costume. This paper provides an overview of the genetic and dermatological aspects of HI, delving into its etiology, clinical manifestations, and management. The genetic underpinnings of HI involve mutations in the ABCA12 gene, leading to impaired skin barrier function and abnormal keratinization. Understanding the molecular basis of the disorder is crucial for accurate diagnosis and potential therapeutic interventions. Clinically, HI presents challenges related to skin integrity, thermoregulation, and potential complications, such as infections. The management of HI requires a multidisciplinary approach involving dermatologists, geneticists, and other healthcare professionals. Supportive care, including emollients, careful bathing, and prevention of infections, is essential to improve the quality of life for individuals affected by this condition. Despite its rarity and severity, advancements in medical research and genetic therapies offer hope for improved treatments and interventions. This paper aims to contribute to the collective understanding of HI, fostering ongoing research and compassionate care for those living with this unique and challenging dermatological condition. We presented a premature eutrophic harlequin baby, born at 32+ weeks of gestation via emergency C-section. A clinical diagnosis was established minutes after birth, based on the typical features of HI, from scaly skin, marked fissures, and limbs in flexion contractures to prominent eclabium and bilateral ectropion.
Astrit M. Gashi, , Brikene Elshani, and
AMALTEA Medical Publishing House
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a rare and heterogeneous genetic condition characterized by overgrowth, organomegaly, and increased vulnerability to embryonal tumors. This review investigates the complex genetic and epigenetic pathways underlying Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, focusing on the 11p15.5 region on chromosome 11. Abnormalities in the 11p15.5 area, such as imprinting control region dysregulation and CDKN1C gene mutations, contribute to disrupted growth regulation. This content also provides an overview of the incidence and pathophysiology of this syndrome. Clinical manifestations include macrosomia, macroglossia, and abdominal wall abnormalities. The increased risk of embryonal malignancies, such as Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma, emphasises the importance of diligent medical observation. Early diagnosis through genetic testing is crucial for tailored management and genetic counseling. This detailed discussion of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome sheds light on the molecular complexities of the condition, emphasizing the significance of genetic testing, early detection, and multidisciplinary management for affected infants.
Astrit M. Gashi and
AMALTEA Medical Publishing House
Background. Congenital Zika Syndrome presents a significant public health concern, particularly due to its association with severe neurological complications in infants born to maternal infected with the Zika virus during pregnancy. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the risks, complications, and preventive measures associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy. Methods. A thorough literature search was conducted, encompassing studies, case reports, and clinical observations related to neurological complications in infants with congenital Zika syndrome. The review focuses on elucidating the intricate relationship between maternal Zika virus infection and the subsequent neurological challenges faced by newborns. Results. The neurological impacts of congenital Zika syndrome are multifaceted, ranging from the well-documented microcephaly to less explored manifestations such as brain abnormalities, ventriculomegaly, intracranial calcifications, seizures, and sensory impairments. Additionally, joint and limb contractures contribute to the complexity of congenital Zika syndrome-related neurological deficits. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the subject, shedding light on the diverse ways in which Zika virus infection during pregnancy can affect the developing fetal nervous system. Conclusion. Understanding the intricate neurological complications associated with congenital Zika syndrome is crucial for healthcare practitioners, researchers, and policymakers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge, emphasizing the need for continued research, surveillance, and public health interventions to mitigate the impact of the Zika virus on maternal and child health.
Astrit M. Gashi, , Brikene Elshani, Hajrullah Latifi, , and
AMALTEA Medical Publishing House
Aim. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection to women of reproductive age in Kosova. Method. The study was carried out in Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristine, Kosova, between April and July 2022. The study population consists of a total of 207 women. Sexually active women aged 20 years and older were used for the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to the participants to seek information such as age, marital status, occupation, and pregnancy status. Every woman's informed consent was sought before the collection of specimens by qualified medical personnel. The specimens were carefully and aseptically collected from the high vaginal area using well-labeled, sterile, non-abrasive high vaginal swab sticks. A few drops of normal saline were added to each swab stick, and a wet mount examination was performed within less than half an hour of collection in order to get optimal results. The wet preparation of the vaginal discharge was made by applying a drop from the sample to a small area of a clean glass slide with a cover slip in order not to trap air bubbles. The wet smear was examined microscopically for motile T. vaginalis with a low-power objective (x10) and then with a high-power objective (x40). The vaginal secretion was characterized by the presence of epithelial cells, white blood cells, and red blood cells. The T. vaginalis trophozoite was identified by its oval, flagellated, and distinctive motility (jerky movement). Result. An overall prevalence rate of 12.56% was found in the Kosova. The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection differed from place to place. It varied as well among the age groups, showing highest prevalence in the age group 30-39 years at 13.63% and lowest in the age group 20-29 years 5.70%. The prevalence varied with marital groups, with divorced women being the highest at 30.76% and the lowest among singles at 6.74%. The prevalence rate was also observed to be highest among the employed 19.71% and lowest among the students 14.81% and unemployed 7.33%. T. vaginalis infection was only observed in non-pregnant women at a prevalence rate of 15.20%. Conclusion. T. vaginalis infection is prevalent in women of reproductive age, as evident in our country. The infection is common in sexually active female participants, especially those with multiple sex partners. Proper personal hygiene, faithfulness to one sexual partner, and massive public awareness on the prevention and control of T. vaginalis are advised to reduce its prevalence among women of reproductive age in our country.
Astrit M. Gashi, , Brikene Elshani, and
AMALTEA Medical Publishing House
Aspirin, known for its anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet properties, has found widespread applications in Obstetrics and Gynecology. This research provides a concise overview of the multifaceted use of aspirin in these medical fields, outlining key considerations and current perspectives. In obstetrics, low-dose aspirin has emerged as a preventive strategy against preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder with potentially life-threatening consequences for both maternal and fetus. This review delves into the evidence supporting aspirin's role in preeclampsia prevention, including dosage considerations and identification of high-risk populations. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and recurrent miscarriage pose unique challenges in pregnancy. The review discusses the use of aspirin, often in combination with anticoagulants, as a management strategy for these conditions, exploring the ongoing debates and evolving perspectives on its efficacy. Fertility treatments, particularly in vitro fertilization (IVF), have seen the exploration of aspirin's potential benefits in improving uterine blood flow and enhancing implantation. Additionally, this review touches upon aspirin's role in gynecological contexts, including pain relief for menstrual disorders, management of inflammatory conditions, and its potential implications in cancer prevention, especially in ovarian and endometrial cancers. In general, the review underscores the need for standardized guidelines, considering the diverse applications of aspirin in Obstetrics and Gynecology. It emphasizes the importance of individualized patient assessments to tailor aspirin therapy based on specific medical conditions and risk factors. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse applications of aspirin in Obstetrics and Gynecology, offering insights into current perspectives, ongoing debates, and the need for further research to refine guidelines and optimize patient care.
Vlora Ejupi, , Nexhmije Gori, Astrit M. Gashi, , and
AMALTEA Medical Publishing House
Background. Cancer is a significant health problem worldwide. Globally, cancer is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality and this is predicted to increase by at least 70% by 2030. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the state of the scientific evidence regarding the quality of life in patients. with cancer. Methods. The literature was searched in the Scopus, Web of Science and Pub Med databases, the literature related to the quality of life in cancer patients. Keywords are combined with Boolean operators (AND/OR). There are sixty studies were included in the current review. Results. The social and physical domains were the most endangered, while the environment was the most preserved. Comparison between scores showed a significant difference only in terms of self-rated health. The highest scores were found in the group with the best assessment of their health. The results suggest that self-rated health can be a reliable predictor of quality of life in these patients, being important for further studies on this topic. Discussion. The findings of this review indicate low QoL among cancer patients on anticancer therapy. Functional well-being was most affected among cancer patients, followed by emotional well-being among cancer patients on cancer therapy. From our study, it was found that the overall quality of life of the patients was influenced by the education and professional status of the patient. Unemployed and illiterate patients have worse QoL than employed and educated patients.
Astrit M. Gashi, , and
AMALTEA Medical Publishing House
Background and objectives. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in the blood. Antiphospholipid syndrome is defined by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, including lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, and anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I antibodies. These antibodies target phospholipids-binding proteins and can leading to various clinical manifestations and complications of thromboembolic nature. Also, the antiphospholipid syndrome is strongly linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including recurrent miscarriages, fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Placental dysfunction, impaired blood flow to the fetus, and thrombotic events within the placenta contribute to these complications. The purpose of this review was the research of consequences of antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy. Materials and methods. This research involves systematically reviewing and analyzing existing literature on consequences of antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy. For relevant literature, academic databases like Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were used. Search terms and keywords that were used to search for relevant literature in databases was: antiphospholipid syndrome; pregnancy; consequences, and Boolean operator (AND, OR). The criteria used to include literature in this review were; publication date, language, study objectives, study design, research methodology, key findings, and relevance to my research question. For citation and referencing were used the appropriate citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard and Vancouver). Results. The main findings in this review were that antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) of characterizing by dysregulation of the immune system and the production of autoantibodies. These autoantibodies can target various cells and proteins, leading to inflammation, tissue damage, and disrupted physiological processes. This syndrome is associated with a prothrombotic state, increasing the risk of blood clots in veins and arteries. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) can affect multiple organs and systems, including the skin, kidneys, heart, and central nervous system. Thrombotic events can occur in various organs, leading to deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, strokes, and other thromboembolic complications. Also, the antiphospholipid syndrome is strongly linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including recurrent miscarriages, fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Placental dysfunction, impaired blood flow to the fetus, and thrombotic events within the placenta contribute to these complications. Manifestations may include skin rashes (livedo reticularis), kidney involvement (glomerulonephritis), heart valve abnormalities, and neurological symptoms etc. Conclusions. We come to the conclusion that it is essential for the pregnant women with antiphospholipid syndrome to receive close monitoring and appropriate management to reduce the risk and severity of these pregnancy complications. This may include interventions such as anticoagulation therapy, regular prenatal care, monitoring of fetal growth and wellbeing, and prompt management of complications. A multidisciplinary approach involving obstetricians, rheumatologists, and other healthcare professionals is often necessary to optimize outcomes for both the mother and the baby.
Astrit M. GASHI and
CMMB-Colegiul Medicilor Municipiul Bucuresti
Doppler fluximetry in obstetrics refers to the use of Doppler ultrasound technology to assess blood flow patterns and velocities in the maternal and fetal circulations during pregnancy. It provides valuable information about the vascular dynamics in the p
Hajrullah LATIFI, , Astrit M. GASHI, Drilon LATIFI, , and
CMMB-Colegiul Medicilor Municipiul Bucuresti
Abnormal uterine bleeding is a term used to describe any irregular bleeding from the uterus that is not part of a woman’s normal menstrual cycle and can happen during different life periods. Abnormal uterine bleeding can have structural etiologies (polyp, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, malignancy) or nonstructural etiologies (coagulopathy, ovulatory dysfunction, and not-classified). The post- and pre-menopausal period requires a detailed investigation to establish the etiology of the bleeding because the chances that the woman has a malignancy are plentiful in this period. The treatment plan is determined based on the underlying cause of the bleeding. The main objective of this paper was to determine the prevalence of endometrial carcinoma in different periods, focusing on the postmenopausal period. This research was a cross-sectional study and included 79 cases of abnormal uterine bleeding in different periods of women’s lives. Our study found that abnormal uterine bleeding occurs more frequently during the premenopausal period (59%) and that the causes of irregular bleeding during this period were mainly benign. Our study focused on the postmenopausal period, where we found that 32.9% of irregular uterine bleeding occurs during this period, and the leading causes were malignant pathologies (83.3%), mainly endometrial adenocarcinomas. The average age was 66.7 years. During the study, it was observed that 50% of women with abnormal uterine bleeding due to malignancy were classified as overweight, 25% were obese, and 25% had normal weight. It was confirmed that obesity is a co-factor of malignancy in the postmenopausal period, and the pathophysiological mechanism is well understood now. Our study also found a high number of co-morbidities among women with abnormal uterine bleeding due to malignancy. We came to the conclusion that any abnormal uterine bleeding should be initially investigated in a multidisciplinary manner, an accurate diagnosis should be determined, and then a treatment plan should be established. The treatment strategy should be determined depending on the cause of abnormal bleeding.
Faton Krasniqi, , Edmond Pistulli, Astrit M. Gashi, Isabere Krasniqi, , , and
AMALTEA Medical Publishing House
Non-immune hydrops fetalis is a severe fetal condition defined as the excessive accumulation of fetal fluid within the fetal extravascular compartments and body cavities. The prevalence of non-immune hydrops fetalis is unknown. Currently, about 90% of cases of hydrops fetalis are non-immune hydrops fetalis. Non-immune hydrops fetalis causes are multi-factorial. The pathophysiological mechanism of non-immunologic hydrops fetalis is related to abnormal fluid transportation between plasma and tissues. This is due to the increase in hydrostatic capillary pressure and capillary permeability and a reduction of the plasma osmotic pressure or lymphatic flow. A variety of viral infection agents have been associated with non-immune hydrops fetalis like parvovirus B19, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, Toxoplasma gondii, Treponema pallidum, but even other viruses that attack the maternal and fetus during pregnancy cannot be excluded as possible causes of non-immune hydrops fetalis. We present one case of non-immune hydrops fetalis who was diagnosed intra-uterine, three weeks after recovery from Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). After much investigation, we could not find any known factor that may be the cause of non-immunologic hydrops fetalis. Therefore, we predisposed a possible causal connection between nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Astrit M. Gashi, , Jakup Ismajli, Arjanit Sherifi, Gent Sopa, Dardan Ismajli, , , , and
AMALTEA Medical Publishing House
The immune system is a system that consists of the reaction of the organism to the aggression of invading pathogens. The immune system is composed of: the innate immune system or nonspecific immunity, and the acquired immune system or specific immunity. During pregnancy, the maternal immune system changes constantly. The objective of this review is to evaluate the results from studies made in the field of reproductive immunology about the susceptibility of pregnant women to infectious diseases. Most studies show that pregnant women may be at a higher risk and more susceptible to infectious diseases. This is due to the continuous immune system modulating that occurs during pregnancy. This immunity modulated during normal pregnancy consists of decreased the acquired immune system or specific immunity (B-cells are absent, while T lymphocytes constitute about 3-10% of the decidual immune cells). We conclude that pregnant women may be at a higher risk and more susceptible to infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Therefore, we recommend special care and correct observance of measures such as social distancing, frequent hand washing, the use of masks, and all other measures that are given to the general population during viral pandemics, while pregnant women who become ill with COVID-19 should be treated aggressively. Furthermore, concrete plans must be developed (with more specific measures) for this higher-risk population, while ensuring that women receive the necessary care.
Astrit M. Gashi, , Jakup Ismajli, Gent Sopa, Genc Mekaj, Albulena Gashi, , , , and
AMALTEA Medical Publishing House
Astrit M. Gashi, , Jakup Ismajli, Xhevdet Gojnovci, , and
AMALTEA Medical Publishing House
We present a case of a 26 year-old pregnant woman, who was diagnosed a serous borderline tumor of the ovary, two years ago. CA 125, CA 19-9 and HE4 was within the normal range values. A Cystectomy was performed, where too histopathological diagnosis was decided. The patient was informed in detail about the nature of the disease and the treatment methods, and was assigned the time of surgical intervention (unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with staging has been recommended), she does not accept any treatment method. After a year of follow-up with tumor markers, an exploratory laparoscopy with ovarian biopsy was performed. Left ovary was without histopathological changes, while the right ovary had histopathological changes for serous borderline tumor of the ovary, but without storm invasion. She decided for surgery. Fifteen days before surgery, she is presented for a routine visit, where pregnancy was confirmed. She was informed about potential risk, but categorically decided to continue the pregnancy. During pregnancy, there was no complication. She is presented for birth at 39+5 weeks of gestation. Due to obstetric status, which is not conducive to vaginal delivery and previous diagnoses, in co-think with the patient, it is decided that birth should be performed with Caesarean section. During a C section, both ovaries are inspected, there are no macroscopic changes. Biopsy was obtained in both ovaries. The result was the same as two years ago. Because of the scarce studies, it is difficult to know which are the best management practices and especially to women who desire childbearing.
Astrit M. Gashi, , Jakup Ismajli, Curr Gjocaj, Atdhe Keqa, Visare Batalli, Qefsere Mulaj, , , ,et al.
AMALTEA Medical Publishing House
A pregnancy is categorized as with high-risk when the mother is diagnosed with any tumor in the brain. Meningiomas are tumors that take origin from the arachnoid villi and produce a globoid or discoid mass. Meningiomas account for approximately 38 percent of all intracranial tumors in females and 20 percent in males. They are usually localized in parasagittal areas, convexities of the cerebral hemispheres, the olfactory groove, and the lateral wing of the sphenoid. Most meningiomas are diagnosed in women between 30 and 50 years old. For meningiomas diagnosis are used; MRI, CT, and very rarely angiography. Tumors in the brain can be; typical or benign, atypical, anaplastic or malignant. 88-94% of meningiomas are benign tumors. During pregnancy, MRI is most recommended for the diagnosis and evaluation of brain meningiomas. We report the management of a 26-year-old woman patient diagnosed with olfactory groove meningioma, who has been subjected to one bifrontal craniotomy and gross total resection (GTR) (Simpson grades I/II), on week 33 of gestation, without any complications as during surgery that lasted 6 hours, as well as during pregnancy and childbirth.