Suryakant Yadav

Scopus Publications

A life course perspective on evolving hypertension and diabetes risk among older Indians
Aditi Chakraborty, Suryakant Yadav
BMC Public Health, 2026
The growing burden of non-communicable diseases in ageing populations demands urgent public health attention. Hypertension and diabetes, as chronic conditions, frequently co-exist and pose serious public health challenges due to their contribution to cardiovascular morbidity, premature mortality and escalating healthcare costs. This study uses Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI, 2017-18), a nationally representative survey using a rigorous multi-stage sampling design across rural and urban areas. Of the 73,396 individuals surveyed, 66,606 were aged 45 years and above. After merging individual and biomarker datasets, the final analytical sample comprised 60,643 adults. The data are used to estimate age at onset of hypertension and diabetes, followed by age-specific patterns of reported age at diagnosis, prevalence, and associated risk factors among adults aged 45 years and above. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and modified Poisson regression were applied. The probability of remaining undiagnosed declines with age, more rapidly for hypertension than diabetes, indicating earlier reported age at diagnosis and a greater cumulative burden to cardiovascular risk and underscoring the importance of early and sustained blood pressure screening and control. Urban residents experienced earlier reported age at diagnosis and a steeper decline in the undiagnosed proportion of both hypertension and diabetes, highlighting the impact of lifestyle transition and stronger preventive services in urban settings. Women were more vulnerable to hypertension, and men were slightly more susceptible to diabetes, supporting sex sensitive risk assessment and prevention. Hypertension prevalence increased steadily with age, while reported age at diagnosis was more frequent among the oldest, and diabetes prevalence peaked in the age-group 65–74, with the highest concentration of reported age at diagnosis in the early age-group 55–64, highlighting midlife as a critical window for metabolic screening to prevent long-term complications. Family history, obesity, and comorbidity emerged as strong predictors across all age groups. At the same time, urban residence, sex, wealth, caste, and behavioural factors showed age- and disease-specific effects, supporting targeted risk-based screening. The findings highlight the need for life course-oriented, socio-demographically responsive strategies, particularly in urban and other socio-economically vulnerable populations, to prevent and manage the rising clinical and public health burden of hypertension and diabetes in India’s ageing population.
The Interplay Between Environmental Factors and COVID-19: Evidence from India’s District-Level Data
Suryakant Yadav, Pravat Bhandari
Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy, 2026
A pair model to describe the life expectancy at birth in India
Chandan Kumar, Suryakant Yadav
Journal of Population Research, 2026
Have sedentary lifestyles reached even remote parts of the Global South? Evidence from school-going adolescents’ time use in India
Solveig A. Cunningham, Pravat Bhandari, Suryakant Yadav, Shailaja S. Patil
Plos One, 2026
Objectives Sedentary lifestyles often develop during adolescence and may be deleterious to physical and mental health. Sedentarism is known to be common in high-income countries; this study examines its prevalence in a remote city in India, including the amount of time school-going adolescents spend being sedentary and the activities that make up this time. Methods We developed a 24-hour time-use survey and collected data with a sample of school-going adolescents ages 12–17 years in a mid-sized South Indian city (n = 395). We built measures of daily sedentary minutes and frequency (bouts) of sedentary activities and calculated population-based prevalence of sedentary activities across gender and school type. We used survey-weighted distributions and linear regression models to estimate sedentary time after accounting for socio-demographic characteristics. Results On average, adolescents had 7.3 sedentary bouts/day, amounting to 527.7 minutes/day. Compared to private-school students, those in government schools spent 2 fewer hours (−134.5 minutes;-174.4, −194.6) sedentary, including 82 (−122, −42.0) fewer minutes in classroom and tutoring time and an hour (−57.82; −69.4,46.2) less in vehicle-based commuting. Girls spent 44 minutes less time in class and in tutoring (−75.88, −12.11)and more time watching television than boys. Adolescents spent comparable time doing homework and reading for leisure. Conclusion Sedentary lifestyles are reaching children even in remote communities in India. A large component of this time is dedicated to learning. Private school students spent the most time sedentary, making them an especially vulnerable group for cardiometabolic disease, in spite of socioeconomic advantages.
Chronic lung diseases (Asthma and COPD) among middle-aged and older populations in India: social, individual, and household determinants and their associations with geriatric syndromes
Aditi Chakraborty, Suryakant Yadav, A. H. Sruthi Anil Kumar
Archives of Public Health, 2025
BACKGROUND: India's ageing population presents new health challenges, particularly the rising burden of lung diseases like Asthma and COPD among middle-aged and older adults. These conditions weaken individuals and heighten the risk of geriatric complications. Understanding their interplay with socio-economic, demographic, and household factors is essential for informed public health interventions. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: This study investigates the growing burden of Asthma and COPD among Indian individuals aged 45 years and above using LASI Wave 1 data. Unadjusted prevalence was calculated across predictor variables. Poisson regression identified factors associated with Asthma and COPD, while logistic regression examined their unadjusted and adjusted associations with geriatric syndromes. RESULTS: The study reveals that the prevalence of Asthma and COPD among individuals aged 45 years and above is 4.38% and 2.1%. It reveals distinct yet overlapping risk patterns for both Asthma and COPD. For both diseases, the risk increases significantly with age, particularly for those aged 60 years and above, and is higher among wealthier individuals and those belonging to SC, OBC, or non-classified social groups. Women are less likely to suffer from both diseases, while discontinued smoking elevates the risk for both. Employment status influences both conditions differently, those currently working are less likely to have COPD and Asthma. Household factors such as the absence of a separate kitchen increase the risk for both diseases. Cooking on open fires and exposure to passive smoking significantly heighten the risk of COPD. Regional variations persist, with lower risk in the North-East and elevated risks in the South. Both diseases show significant association with geriatric syndromes such as ADL (1.418 for Asthma and 1.424 for COPD), IADL (1.587 for Asthma and 1.542 for COPD), and Falls ((1.172 for Asthma and 1.320 for COPD)), after adjusting for various individual and household determinants. CONCLUSION: The study reveals complex relationships between social, individual and household factors, chronic lung diseases (Asthma and COPD), and age-related complications in India's older population.It highlights the need for targeted treatments addressing both lung diseases and geriatric complications, guiding policymakers in framing healthcare policies to promote healthy aging in India's diverse older population.
Multimorbidity as a driver of heart diseases risk among low socioeconomic older adults population in India
Suryakant Yadav, Ajay Kumar, Solveig A. Cunningham, Dongmei Zuo, Arokiasamy Perianayagam
Scientific Reports, 2025
Within the spectrum of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), the burden among older adults in India is predominantly driven by degenerative diseases and conditions. Over the past decade, this burden exhibited a cascading effect, increasingly manifesting as the mounting prevalence of multimorbidity. The study estimated that over half of the adult population aged 45 years and above (50.94%) experienced multimorbidity. A pronounced and accelerating prevalence of multimorbidity gradient of up to four to six diseases/conditions was evident in the 45-84 years age groups, and the highest prevalence of 26% was observed in those aged 80 years and above. Among all diseases and conditions, hypertension emerged as the most prevalent condition, affecting 26.72% of older adults. Furthermore, the disease network analysis identified hypertension, followed by eye conditions and gastrointestinal conditions, as the most central and interconnected condition in multimorbidity framework. Notably, hypertension, high cholesterol, and obesity exhibited significant perilous linkages with life-threatening diseases such as heart diseases. The Classification and Regression Tree (CART) model further reveals thathigh cholesterol together with prolonged hypertension significantly elevated the risk of heart diseases. Importantly, this risk was not solely driven by the co-occurrence of diseases and conditions; it was significantly intensified among socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals in the Indian population.
Towards a new perspective: Exploring the variability of conditional risk factors for multimorbidity susceptibility among older adults in India
Ajay Kumar, Suryakant Yadav
Plos One, 2025
Background There is a lack of substantive evidence on the epidemiology of multimorbidity in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). India is also undergoing through the major demographic shift marked by the rapidly aging population and followed by significantly elevated implications to multimorbidity risk. These implications include an increased risk of functional limitations, poor quality of life, and delayed mortality pattern but expanding morbidity burden among older adults. This study aimed to characterize the distribution, pattern and further provide an understanding of the conditional role of risk factors for multimorbidity susceptibility among older adults in India. Methods The study utilized data on 66,606 individuals form the national representative Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), Wave – 1, of individuals aged 45 years and above. To understands the distribution, prevalence and pattern of morbidities and multimorbidity we characterized and calculated the weighted frequency distribution, chi-square test for association and stacked area plot for relative burden of multimorbidity over age. Finally, we constructed the Classification and Regression Trees (CART) model to further identify the optimal leading covariates and their conditional role on multimorbidity susceptibility among older adults in India. Results Hypertension showed the highest prevalence (26.72%) and highest age-specific relative proportional share, followed by myopia (24.2%), hypermetropia (20.75%) and gastrointestinal condition (17.98%). Single morbidity prevalence was 23.78%, and multimorbidity was 50.94% and the relative prevalence share of multimorbidity over age expanded by 25.16% from the 45–49 to 85+ age group. The CART model identified that childhood health, place of residence, age, body mass index, caste category and education level were the leading risk factors for multimorbidity susceptibility among older adults in India. The highest susceptibility of multimorbidity with a risk of 0.57 was observed among individuals who had moderate to poor childhood health. Conversely, those adults who had good childhood health, resided in rural areas, underweighted or normal BMI and belonged to the Schedule tribe had the lowest risk of multimorbidity (0.19). Conclusion This study offers a comprehensive analysis of multimorbidity among older adults in India, revealing a risk burden driven by aging, poor childhood health, and socioeconomic disparities. By using an inclusive morbidity framework and CART modeling, it underscores the multifactorial nature of multimorbidity and highlights key interconnected determinants for future policy interventions.
Prevalence and determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women in India: an analysis of National Family Health Survey Data
Aditi Chakraborty, Suryakant Yadav
BMC Women S Health, 2024
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes with its first recognition during pregnancy. GDM is a high-risk maternal and neonatal condition which increases the risk of Type 2 diabetes in mothers and their infants. It is essential to detect and treat GDM since its inception when mothers suffer from Type 1 diabetes while carrying the foetus during the gestational period. Methods The study analysed individual data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) surveyed in 2015–2016 (4th round) and 2019–2021 (5th round) covering a total of approximately 6 lakhs and 7 lakhs women, respectively. Among them, 32,072 women in 2015–2016 and 28,187 in 2019–2021 were pregnant, of whom 180 women in 2014–2015 and 247 women in 2019–2021 had diabetes during their gestational periods, allowing the percentage prevalence calculation of GDM. The analysis of Poisson regression estimates examined the socioeconomic and demographic risk factors for GDM among pregnant women. Results The overall prevalence of GDM in women showed an increase from 0.53% in 2015–16 to 0.80% in 2019–20 at the national level, and a similar increase in many states of India was witnessed, with a few exceptions. The GDM prevalence has shown a gradient over age, with a low prevalence in 15–19- and 25–29-year-olds and the highest prevalence in 40–44-year-olds. Concerning the rural and urban divide, its prevalence in both urban and rural areas has increased from 0.61 to 0.85% and 0.51 to 0.78% between 2015 and 16 and 2019–21. The results of the Poisson regression analysis reveal that older adults with high Body Mass Index (BMI), thyroid disorder, and heart disease have a greater risk of GDM among pregnant women in India. The states of Kerala, Meghalaya, and Goa show a high prevalence of GDM. Conclusion The low prevalence of GDM may not be clinically significant but has negative repercussions on the mother and her child cannot be overlooked. Thus, it is essential to curb GDM since its inception and save a generation ahead from the risk of diabetes and other diseases.
Subnational estimates of life expectancy at birth in India: evidence from NFHS and SRS data
Pawan Kumar Yadav, Suryakant Yadav
BMC Public Health, 2024
Background Mortality estimates at the subnational level are of urgent need in India for the formulation of policies and programmes at the district level. This is the first-ever study which used survey data for the estimation of life expectancy at birth ($$ {\\text{e}}_{0}$$) for the 640 districts from NFHS-4 (2015-16) and 707 districts from NFHS-5 (2019-21) for the total, male and female population in India. Methods This study calculated annual age-specific mortality rates from NFHS-4 and NFHS-5 for India and all 36 states for the total, male and female population. This paper constructed the abridged life tables and estimated life expectancy at birth $$({e_0})$$ and further estimated the model parameters for all 36 states. This study linked state-specific parameters to the respective districts for the estimation of life expectancy at birth $$({e_0})$$for 640 districts from NFHS-4 and 707 districts from NFHS-5 for the total, male and female population in India. Results Findings at the state level showed that there were similarities between the estimated and calculated $${e_0}$$ in most of the states. The results of this article observed that the highest $${e_0}$$ varies in the ranges of 70 to 90 years among the districts of the southern region. $${e_0}$$ falls below 70 years among most of the central and eastern region districts. In the northern region districts $${e_0}$$ lies in the range of 70 years to 75 years. The estimates of life expectancy at birth $$({e_0})$$ shows the noticeable variations at the state and district levels for the person, male, and female populations from the NFHS (2015-16) and NFHS (2019-21). In the absence of age-specific mortality data at the district level in India, this study used the indirect estimation method of relating state-specific model parameters with the IMR of their respective districts and estimated $${e_0}$$ across the 640 districts from NFHS-4 (2015-16) and 707 districts from NFHS-5 (2019-21). The findings of this study have similarities with the state-level estimations of $${e_0}$$ from both data sources of SRS and NFHS and found the highest $${e_0}$$ in the southern region and the lowest $${e_0}$$ in the eastern and central region districts. Conclusions In the lack of $${e_0}$$ estimates at the district level in India, this study could be beneficial in providing timely life expectancy estimates from the survey data. The findings clearly shows variations in the district level $${e_0}$$. The districts from the southern region show the highest $${e_0}$$ and districts from the central and eastern region has lower $${e_0}$$. Females have higher $${e_0}$$ as compared to the male population in most of the districts in India.
The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission of India: An Assessment
Udaya Shankar Mishra, Suryakant Yadav, William Joe
Health Systems and Reform, 2024
India launched the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) in 2021 to strengthen the digital health ecosystem by developing and integrating health data records and registries. We apply the health system control knob framework to assess the progress of ABDM by analyzing five indicators. Data from the ABDM dashboard reveal notable progress in beneficiary registration (400 million, as of June 3, 2023) and health records linkage (273 million). The registrations of over 208,000 health facilities and 190,000 health care professionals have been verified by ABDM. However, inter-state variation in progress is significant, particularly in health facility and health professional registration. Going forward, ABDM should expand its strategic framework to ensure that more health facilities and health professionals are registered, as registration is important to influence the payment, organization, and regulation control knobs. These actions are related to the achievement of final health system goals: improved health status, financial risk protection, and beneficiary satisfaction.
Impact of COVID-19 on subnational variations in life expectancy and life disparity at birth in India: evidence from NFHS and SRS data
Pawan Kumar Yadav, Suryakant Yadav
Archives of Public Health, 2023
Changing pattern of suicide deaths in India
Suryakant Yadav, Aathavan K K, Solveig Argeseanu Cunningham, Pravat Bhandari, Udaya Shankar Mishra, Aditi Aditi, Ravita Yadav
Lancet Regional Health Southeast Asia, 2023
Age heterogeneities in child growth and its associated socio-demographic factors: a cross-sectional study in India
Suryakant Yadav, Pravat Bhandari
BMC Pediatrics, 2022
The role of age inequalities in cause of death in the slow pace of epidemiological transition in India
Suryakant Yadav, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Shivani Anil Patel, Solveig Argeseanu Cunningham
Scientific Reports, 2022
Multimorbidity and its associated risk factors among older adults in India
Mohd. Rashid Khan, Manzoor Ahmad Malik, Saddaf Naaz Akhtar, Suryakant Yadav, Ratna Patel
BMC Public Health, 2022
The burden of hypertension and unmet need for hypertension care among men aged 15-54 years: A population-based cross-sectional study in India
Ajinkya Kothavale, Parul Puri, Suryakant Yadav
Journal of Biosocial Science, 2022
Impact of COVID-19 on life expectancy at birth in India: a decomposition analysis
Suryakant Yadav, Pawan Kumar Yadav, Neha Yadav
BMC Public Health, 2021
Progress of Inequality in Age at Death in India: Role of Adult Mortality
Suryakant Yadav
European Journal of Population, 2021
Double burden of underweight and overweight among Indian adults: Spatial patterns and social determinants
Pravat Bhandari, Ezra Gayawan, Suryakant Yadav
Public Health Nutrition, 2021
Mortality Compression and Variability in Age at Death in India
Suryakant Yadav, Arokiasamy Perianayagam
Comparative Population Studies, 2020
How can we better capture food away from Home? Lessons from India's linking person-level meal and household-level food data
John L. Fiedler, Suryakant Yadav
Food Policy, 2017
Changing age patterns of morbidity vis-à-vis mortality in India
PERIANAYAGAM AROKIASAMY, SURYAKANT YADAV
Journal of Biosocial Science, 2014
Understanding epidemiological transition in India
Suryakant Yadav, Perianayagam Arokiasamy
Global Health Action, 2014
Decelerating Mortality Rates in Older Ages and its Prospects through Lee-Carter Approach
Awdhesh Yadav, Suryakant Yadav, Ranjana Kesarwani
Plos One, 2012

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