Biophysics, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Structural Biology
139
Scopus Publications
15564
Scholar Citations
48
Scholar h-index
102
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Peroxidasin enables melanoma immune escape by inhibiting natural killer cell cytotoxicity Hsu‐Min Sung, David Bickel, Lena C. M. Krause, Daria Ezeriņa, Christian Ickes, et al. Molecular Oncology, 2026 Peroxidasin (PXDN), an extracellular matrix (ECM)‐associated peroxidase, has been implicated in cancer progression. However, its roles in melanoma biology and therapeutic sensitivity remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that elevated PXDN expression is associated with poor prognosis and reduced survival in melanoma patients. Functional studies revealed that PXDN depletion impairs melanoma cell proliferation, disrupts the cell cycle, and reduces melanoma cell invasive capacities. Furthermore, we found that secreted PXDN modulates anti‐melanoma immunity by enhancing melanoma resistance to natural killer (NK)‐cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. Structural modeling identified a trimeric organization of PXDN, stabilized by disulfide‐linked peroxidase domains. Molecular dynamics simulations identified a previously unknown inhibitory interaction between the PXDN N‐terminal leucine‐rich repeat domain and the NK cell‐activating receptor NKG2‐D type II integral membrane protein (NKG2D). These findings uncover a redox‐independent role for PXDN in promoting immune evasion and tumor progression. Overall, our study highlights PXDN as a critical regulator of melanoma cell biology and a potential therapeutic target for NK‐cell‐based immunotherapy in melanoma and other solid cancers.
Assessing the relation between protein phosphorylation, AlphaFold3 models, and conformational variability Pathmanaban Ramasamy, Jasper Zuallaert, Lennart Martens, Wim F. Vranken Protein Science, 2026 Proteins perform diverse functions critical to cellular processes. Transitions between functional states are often regulated by post‐translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, which dynamically influence protein structure, function, folding, and interactions. Dysregulation of PTMs can therefore contribute to diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's. However, the structure–function relationship between proteins and their modifications remains poorly understood due to a lack of experimental structural data, the inherent diversity of PTMs, and the dynamic nature of proteins. Recent advances in deep learning, particularly AlphaFold, have transformed protein structure prediction with near‐experimental accuracy. However, it remains unclear whether these models can effectively capture PTM‐driven conformational changes, such as those induced by phosphorylation. Here, we systematically evaluated AlphaFold models (AF2, AF3‐non phospho, and AF3‐phospho) to assess their ability to predict phosphorylation‐induced structural diversity. By analyzing experimentally derived conformational ensembles, we found that all models predominantly aligned with dominant structural states, often failing to capture phosphorylation‐specific conformations. Despite its phosphorylation‐aware design, AF3‐phospho predictions provided only modest improvement over AF2 and AF3‐non phospho predictions. Our findings highlight key challenges in modeling PTM‐driven structural landscapes and underscore the need for more adaptable structure prediction frameworks capable of capturing modification‐induced conformational variability.
Cryo-EM structures of the MnmE-MnmG complex reveal large conformational changes and provide new insights into the mechanism of tRNA modification Laila Maes, Israel Mares-Mejía, Ella Martin, David Bickel, Siemen Claeys, et al. Nucleic Acids Research, 2025 MnmE and MnmG form a conserved protein complex responsible for the addition of a 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl (cmnm5) group onto the wobble uridine of several transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Within this complex, both proteins collaborate intensively to catalyze a tRNA modification reaction that involves glycine as a substrate in addition to three different cofactors, with FAD and NADH binding to MnmG and methylenetetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH2-THF) to MnmE. Without structures of the MnmEG complex, it remained enigmatic how these substrates and co-factors can be brought together in a concerted manner. Prior small angle X-ray scattering data suggested that the MnmE (α2) and MnmG (β2) homo-dimers can adopt either an α2β2 or α4β2 complex, depending on the nucleotide state of MnmE. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of the MnmEG complex in the α2β2 and α4β2 oligomeric states. These structures reveal that MnmE undergoes large conformational changes upon interaction with MnmG, resulting in an asymmetric MnmE dimer. In particular, the functionally important C-terminal helix of MnmE relocates from the 5,10-CH2-THF-binding pocket of MnmE to the FAD-binding pocket of MnmG, thus suggesting a mechanism for the transfer of an activated methylene group from one active site to the other. Together, these findings provide crucial new insights into the MnmEG-catalyzed reaction.
Deciphering the RNA recognition by Musashi-1 to design protein and RNA variants for in vitro and in vivo applications Anna Pérez-Ràfols, Guillermo Pérez-Ropero, Linda Cerofolini, Luca Sperotto, Joel Roca-Martínez, et al. Nucleic Acids Research, 2025 The Human Musashi-1 (MSI-1) is an RNA-binding protein that recognizes (G/A)U1-3AGU and UAG sequences in diverse RNAs through two RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) domains and regulates the fate of target RNA. Here, we have combined structural biology and computational approaches to analyse the binding of the RRM domains of human MSI-1 with single-stranded and structured RNA ligands. We have used our recently developed computational tool RRMScorer to design a set of substitutions in the MSI-1 protein and the investigated RNA strands to modulate the binding affinity and selectivity. The in silico predictions of the designed protein–RNA interactions are assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance and surface plasmon resonance. These experiments have also been used to study the competition of the two RRM domains of MSI-1 for the same binding site within linear and harpin RNA. Our experimental results shed light on MSI–RNA interactions, thus opening the way for the development of new biomolecules for in vitro and in vivo studies and downstream applications.
RRMScorer: A web server for predicting RNA recognition motif binding preferences Adrian Diaz, Joel Roca-Martínez, Wim Vranken Nucleic Acids Research, 2025 RRMScorer is a web server designed to predict RNA binding preferences for proteins containing RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), the most prevalent RNA binding domain in eukaryotes. By carefully analysing a dataset of 187 RRM–RNA structural complexes, we calculated residue-level binding scores using a probabilistic model derived from amino acid–nucleotide interaction propensities, which are the basis of RRMScorer. The server accepts protein sequences and optional RNA sequences as input, providing detailed outputs, including bar plots, sequence logos, and downloadable CSV/JSON files, to visualize and interpret RNA binding preferences. RRMScorer is particularly useful for studying the impact of single-point mutations and comparing binding preferences across multiple RRM domains. The web server, freely accessible at https://bio2byte.be/rrmscorer without login requirements, offers a user-friendly interface and integrates precomputed predictions for over 1400 RRM-containing proteins. With its ability to provide residue-level insights and accurate predictions, RRMScorer serves as a valuable tool for researchers exploring the functional landscape of RRM–RNA interactions.
In silico identification of archaeal DNA-binding proteins Linus Donvil, Joëlle A J Housmans, Eveline Peeters, Wim Vranken, Gabriele Orlando Bioinformatics, 2025 Motivation The rapid advancement of next-generation sequencing technologies has generated an immense volume of genetic data. However, these data are unevenly distributed, with well-studied organisms being disproportionately represented, while other organisms, such as from archaea, remain significantly underexplored. The study of archaea is particularly challenging due to the extreme environments they inhabit and the difficulties associated with culturing them in the laboratory. Despite these challenges, archaea likely represent a crucial evolutionary link between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, and their investigation could shed light on the early stages of life on Earth. Yet, a significant portion of archaeal proteins are annotated with limited or inaccurate information. Among the various classes of archaeal proteins, DNA-binding proteins are of particular importance. While they represent a large portion of every known proteome, their identification in archaea is complicated by the substantial evolutionary divergence between archaeal and the other better studied organisms. Results To address the challenges of identifying DNA-binding proteins in archaea, we developed Xenusia, a neural network-based tool capable of screening entire archaeal proteomes to identify DNA-binding proteins. Xenusia has proven effective across diverse datasets, including metagenomics data, successfully identifying novel DNA-binding proteins, with experimental validation of its predictions. Availability and implementation Xenusia is available as a PyPI package, with source code accessible at https://github.com/grogdrinker/xenusia, and as a Google Colab web server application at xenusia.ipynb.
Critical assessment of missense variant effect predictors on disease-relevant variant data Ruchir Rastogi, Ryan Chung, Sindy Li, Chang Li, Kyoungyeul Lee, et al. Human Genetics, 2025 Regular, systematic, and independent assessments of computational tools that are used to predict the pathogenicity of missense variants are necessary to evaluate their clinical and research utility and guide future improvements. The Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) conducts the ongoing Annotate-All-Missense (Missense Marathon) challenge, in which missense variant effect predictors (also called variant impact predictors) are evaluated on missense variants added to disease-relevant databases following the prediction submission deadline. Here we assess predictors submitted to the CAGI 6 Annotate-All-Missense challenge, predictors commonly used in clinical genetics, and recently developed deep learning methods. We examine performance across a range of settings relevant for clinical and research applications, focusing on different subsets of the evaluation data as well as high-specificity and high-sensitivity regimes. Our evaluations reveal notable advances in current methods relative to older, well-cited tools in the field. While meta-predictors tend to outperform their constituent individual predictors, several newer individual predictors perform comparably to commonly used meta-predictors. Predictor performance varies between high-specificity and high-sensitivity regimes, highlighting that different methods may be optimal for different use cases. We also characterize two potential sources of bias. Predictors that incorporate allele frequency as a predictive feature tend to have reduced performance when distinguishing pathogenic variants from very rare benign variants, and predictors trained on pathogenicity labels from curated variant databases often inherit gene-level label imbalances. Our findings help illuminate the clinical and research utility of modern missense variant effect predictors and identify potential areas for future development.
WeNMR: Structural Biology on the Grid Tsjerk A. Wassenaar, Marc van Dijk, Nuno Loureiro-Ferreira, Gijs van der Schot, Sjoerd J. de Vries, et al. Journal of Grid Computing, 2012
Toward a unified framework for determining conformational ensembles of disordered proteins H Ghafouri, P Kadeřávek, AM Melo, MC Aspromonte, P Bernadó, J Cortés, ... Nature Methods, 1-15 , 2026 2026 Citations: 11
Unlocking health data for research: legal, technical, and organisational lessons from a Belgian interdisciplinary case study A Van Scharen, K Cruyt, J Colon, S De Sutter, J Duerinck, R Forsyth, ... Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research 10 (1), 179-208 , 2026 2026 Citations: 5
Peroxidasin enables melanoma immune escape by inhibiting natural killer cell cytotoxicity HM Sung, D Bickel, LCM Krause, D Ezeriņa, C Ickes, J Wojtachnia, ... Molecular Oncology , 2026 2026
On the state of protein function prediction: a report on the fourth CAFA challenge R Ramola, MC De Paolis Klauza, D Piovesan, Y Peng, P Joshi, ... bioRxiv, 2026.05. 06.722942 , 2026 2026 Citations: 3
The NMR Exchange Format (NEF): Specification and Applications E Ploskon, K Baskaran, R Tejero, CD Schwieters, B Bardiaux, P Guentert, ... bioRxiv, 2026.04. 22.715536 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Assessing the relation between protein phosphorylation, AlphaFold3 models, and conformational variability P Ramasamy, J Zuallaert, L Martens, WF Vranken Protein Science 35 (1), e70376 , 2026 2026 Citations: 4
Chimeric Designs to Investigate G Protein-Coupled Receptors C Crauwels, W Vranken Computational structural biology , 2025 2025
Defining Biophysical Constraints in the Evolution of β-Lactamases through Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction SL Heidig, R Malempré, WF Vranken EMBO Workshop: Computational structural biology , 2025 2025
Cryo-EM structures of the MnmE–MnmG complex reveal large conformational changes and provide new insights into the mechanism of tRNA modification L Maes, I Mares-Mejía, E Martin, D Bickel, S Claeys, W Vranken, ... Nucleic Acids Research 53 (16), gkaf824 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Deciphering the RNA recognition by Musashi-1 to design protein and RNA variants for in vitro and in vivo applications A Pérez-Ràfols, G Pérez-Ropero, L Cerofolini, L Sperotto, ... Nucleic Acids Research 53 (15), gkaf741 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Viral replication modulated by hallmark conformational ensembles: how AlphaFold-predicted features of RdRp folding dynamics combined with intrinsic disorder-mediated function … R Tahzima, J Charon, A Diaz, K De Jonghe, S Massart, T Michon, ... Frontiers in Virology 5, 1501616 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
GPCRchimeraDB: A database of chimeric G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to assist their design C Crauwels, A Díaz, W Vranken Journal of Molecular Biology 437 (14), 169164 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
RRMScorer: A web server for predicting RNA recognition motif binding preferences A Diaz, J Roca-Martínez, W Vranken Nucleic Acids Research 53 (W1), W503-W511 , 2025 2025
Do you speak protein?: Understanding and predicting protein thermal stability A Bouillon, W Vranken Bioinformatics in Bergen , 2025 2025
In silico identification of archaeal DNA-binding proteins L Donvil, JAJ Housmans, E Peeters, W Vranken, G Orlando Bioinformatics 41 (5), btaf169 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Assessing the relation between protein phosphorylation, AlphaFold3 models and conformational variability P Ramasamy, J Zuallaert, L Martens, WF Vranken bioRxiv, 2025.04. 14.648669 , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
Critical assessment of missense variant effect predictors on disease-relevant variant data R Rastogi, R Chung, S Li, C Li, K Lee, J Woo, DW Kim, C Keum, G Babbi, ... Human genetics 144 (2), 281-293 , 2025 2025 Citations: 38
Gradations in protein dynamics captured by experimental NMR are not well represented by AlphaFold2 models and other computational metrics J Gavalda-Garcia, B Dixit, A Diaz, A Ghysels, W Vranken Journal of Molecular Biology 437 (2), 168900 , 2025 2025 Citations: 16
Protein dynamics and conformational heterogeneity in solution are not well captured by AlphaFold and other computational approaches W Vranken, B Dixit, J Gavalda-Garcia, A Ghysels ISMB/ECCB 2025 , 2025 2025
Combining evolution and protein language models for an interpretable cancer driver mutation prediction with D2Deep K Tzavella, A Diaz, C Olsen, W Vranken Briefings in bioinformatics 26 (1), bbae664 , 2025 2025 Citations: 9
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
The CCPN data model for NMR spectroscopy: development of a software pipeline WF Vranken, W Boucher, TJ Stevens, RH Fogh, A Pajon, M Llinas, ... Proteins: structure, function, and bioinformatics 59 (4), 687-696 , 2005 2005 Citations: 3806
ACPYPE-Antechamber python parser interface AW Sousa da Silva, WF Vranken BMC research notes 5 (1), 367 , 2012 2012 Citations: 3517
Determination of secondary structure populations in disordered states of proteins using nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts C Camilloni, A De Simone, WF Vranken, M Vendruscolo Biochemistry 51 (11), 2224-2231 , 2012 2012 Citations: 447
RECOORD: a recalculated coordinate database of 500+ proteins from the PDB using restraints from the BioMagResBank AJ Nederveen, JF Doreleijers, W Vranken, Z Miller, CAEM Spronk, ... PROTEINS: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics 59 (4), 662-672 , 2005 2005 Citations: 390
DisProt 7.0: a major update of the database of disordered proteins D Piovesan, F Tabaro, I Mičetić, M Necci, F Quaglia, CJ Oldfield, ... Nucleic acids research 45 (D1), D219-D227 , 2017 2017 Citations: 355
PDBe: protein data bank in Europe S Velankar, C Best, B Beuth, CH Boutselakis, N Cobley, ... Nucleic acids research 38 (suppl_1), D308-D317 , 2010 2010 Citations: 331
DisProt: intrinsic protein disorder annotation in 2020 A Hatos, B Hajdu-Soltész, AM Monzon, N Palopoli, L Álvarez, ... Nucleic acids research 48 (D1), D269-D276 , 2020 2020 Citations: 292
MobiDB: intrinsically disordered proteins in 2021 D Piovesan, M Necci, N Escobedo, AM Monzon, A Hatos, I Mičetić, ... Nucleic acids research 49 (D1), D361-D367 , 2021 2021 Citations: 255
MobiDB 3.0: more annotations for intrinsic disorder, conformational diversity and interactions in proteins D Piovesan, F Tabaro, L Paladin, M Necci, I Mičetić, C Camilloni, N Davey, ... Nucleic acids research 46 (D1), D471-D476 , 2018 2018 Citations: 239
Determination of the three-dimensional solution structure of Raphanus sativus antifungal protein 1 by 1H NMR F Fant, W Vranken, W Broekaert, F Borremans Journal of molecular biology 279 (1), 257-270 , 1998 1998 Citations: 230
DEOGEN2: prediction and interactive visualization of single amino acid variant deleteriousness in human proteins D Raimondi, I Tanyalcin, J Ferté, A Gazzo, G Orlando, T Lenaerts, ... Nucleic acids research 45 (W1), W201-W206 , 2017 2017 Citations: 221
WeNMR: structural biology on the grid TA Wassenaar, M Van Dijk, N Loureiro-Ferreira, G Van Der Schot, ... Journal of Grid Computing 10 (4), 743-767 , 2012 2012 Citations: 221
From protein sequence to dynamics and disorder with DynaMine E Cilia, R Pancsa, P Tompa, T Lenaerts, WF Vranken Nature communications 4 (1), 2741 , 2013 2013 Citations: 200
The ACPYPE web server for small-molecule MD topology generation L Kagami, A Wilter, A Diaz, W Vranken Bioinformatics 39 (6), btad350 , 2023 2023 Citations: 199
Recommendations of the wwPDB NMR validation task force GT Montelione, M Nilges, A Bax, P Güntert, T Herrmann, JS Richardson, ... Structure 21 (9), 1563-1570 , 2013 2013 Citations: 191
The DynaMine webserver: predicting protein dynamics from sequence E Cilia, R Pancsa, P Tompa, T Lenaerts, WF Vranken Nucleic acids research 42 (W1), W264-W270 , 2014 2014 Citations: 188
Remediation of the protein data bank archive K Henrick, Z Feng, WF Bluhm, D Dimitropoulos, JF Doreleijers, S Dutta, ... Nucleic acids research 36 (suppl_1), D426-D433 , 2007 2007 Citations: 183
Megabodies expand the nanobody toolkit for protein structure determination by single-particle cryo-EM T Uchański, S Masiulis, B Fischer, V Kalichuk, U López-Sánchez, ... Nature methods 18 (1), 60-68 , 2021 2021 Citations: 180
E-MSD: the European bioinformatics institute macromolecular structure database H Boutselakis, D Dimitropoulos, J Fillon, A Golovin, K Henrick, A Hussain, ... Nucleic acids research 31 (1), 458-462 , 2003 2003 Citations: 149
The CCPN project: an interim report on a data model for the NMR community R Fogh, J Ionides, E Ulrich, W Boucher, W Vranken, JP Linge, M Habeck, ... nature structural biology 9 (6), 416-418 , 2002 2002 Citations: 149