Oral Surgery, Cancer Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Dentistry
74
Scopus Publications
1512
Scholar Citations
20
Scholar h-index
36
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Anatomical delineation of the tubarial gland amidst ongoing debate: Macroscopic study with microscopic validation and novel duct discovery Sunita Arvind Athavale, Sheetal Kotgirwar, Manal M. Khan, Anshul Rai, Deepti Joshi, Rekha Lalwani Journal of Anatomy, 2026 Conflicting anatomical descriptions and functional interpretations have emerged regarding glandular structures located in the nasopharynx, particularly near the Eustachian tube. While some studies describe them as microscopic submucosal or tubal glands, others propose a distinct gland potentially salivary in nature. However, the majority of existing research has relied on imaging or histological analysis, with limited gross anatomical exploration. In view of these divergent perspectives and the paucity of macroscopic data, the present study aims to investigate this region through detailed cadaveric dissection, supplemented by microscopic validation, to clarify the structural identity and anatomical consistency of the glandular tissue in question. The study was conducted on 118 sides of embalmed adult cadaveric head specimens. Morphological and morphometric characteristics of the gland were recorded via dissection. Microscopic features were evaluated on 10 cadaver sides using Hematoxylin & Eosin and special stains to validate the macroscopic findings. A well‐defined, lobulated glandular structure with a translucent covering was consistently identified deep to the mucosa of the tubal elevation and salpingopharyngeal fold, extending variably into the oropharynx, often reaching the lower border of the soft palate. The gland appeared as an elongated, triangular structure in this region. A distinct macroscopic duct was observed arising from the posterior aspect of the gland, coursing toward the pharyngeal recess; its presence and orientation were subsequently confirmed through histological examination. Microscopically, the gland exhibited a compound tubuloalveolar architecture, predominantly composed of mucous acini, along with a well‐developed ductal system and the presence of myoepithelial cells. The duct opening was located near the junction of the nasopharynx and oropharynx, as indicated by the transition in epithelial lining between these two regions. This cadaveric study establishes the consistent presence of a well‐defined glandular structure located beneath the mucosa of the tubal elevation and salpingopharyngeal fold, with variable extension into the oropharynx. For the first time, a macroscopic excretory duct was documented, arising from its posterior aspect and opening into the pharyngeal recess. The gland exhibited a distinct shape, reproducible location, and could be excised in toto, affirming its status as a discrete anatomical entity. Histological validation confirmed a compound tubuloalveolar architecture with mucous predominance and a well‐developed ductal system. While its precise physiological role remains to be determined, these findings provide a definitive anatomical framework that can guide future radiological, functional, and clinical investigations.
Quality of life assessment of patients rehabilitated with zygomatic implants in central India: a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study Anshul Rai, Jubin Thacker, Zenish Bhatti, Babu Lal, Jitendra Kumar, Vikas Vijayan Archives of Craniofacial Surgery, 2025 Background: This study aimed to evaluate the satisfaction of patients rehabilitated with maxillary fixed prostheses supported by zygomatic implants, using the Liverpool Oral Rehabilitation Questionnaire (LORQ-v3) and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP).Methods: Fifty-two patients with maxillary bone defects who were rehabilitated with fixed prostheses supported by zygomatic implants were included in this questionnaire-based study. Patients were asked to evaluate their dental problems both before prosthesis fabrication and at 1 year post-rehabilitation, using LORQ-v3 and OHIP-14. Responses were assessed on a Likert scale. Patient perceptions of quality of life were measured in relation to general satisfaction, comfort and stability, speech, esthetics, self-esteem, and functionality.Results: Overall improvement in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was observed among all participants. In LORQ-v3, item-specific improvement ranged from 8% pretreatment to 43% posttreatment. In OHIP, scores improved from 21% to 69% between baseline and 1 year.Conclusion: Prosthetic rehabilitation with zygomatic implants for maxillary defects significantly improved patients’ OHRQoL.
Evaluation of Surface EMG in Masticatory, Sternomastoid, and Trapezius Muscles among Smartphone Users with Varying Duration of Mobile Usage: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study Avinash E. Thakare, Pooja S. Salkar, Sandip M. Hulke, Santosh L. Wakode, Rajay N. Bharshankar, Anshul Rai Advanced Biomedical Research, 2025 Background: The overuse of smartphones can cause and trigger painful musculoskeletal conditions due to the derangement of muscle function. This study aimed to investigate the impact of daily smartphone usage on the surface electromyographic activity of the masticatory, sternomastoid, and trapezius muscles as there is limited research in this area. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 young adult smartphone users were categorized into three groups based on their daily duration of mobile usage. They underwent surface electromyography (sEMG) assessment using the Neuropack X1 surface EMG device from Nihon Kohden. Using appropriate statistical methods, the sEMG parameters were compared and correlated within the three groups. Results: The study found a significant increase in resting sEMG activity in the right Trapezius muscle among smartphone users who used their devices for more than 7 hours daily, compared to the other user groups (median interquartile range: 0.49 (0.026, 0.161) vs 0.025 (0.014, 0.049)). Furthermore, the maximum voluntary contraction testing revealed significantly higher sEMG activity in the right Temporalis muscle among smartphone users who used their devices for more than 7 hours daily, compared to the other user groups (median interquartile range: 2.342 (0.972, 3.364) vs 1.391 (0.525, 2.732) vs 1.301 (0.482, 2.083)). Conclusions: The findings suggest that the daily duration of smartphone usage could potentially impact the surface EMG activity of the masticatory, neck, and upper back muscles.
Comparison of efficacy and safety between palonosetron and ondansetron to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing non-laparoscopic surgery: A systematic review and meta-Analysis of randomised controlled trials Babu Lal, Ragavi Alagarsamy, Jitendra Kumar, Anshul J. Rai, Vineeta Yadav, Rajnish Joshi, Md. Yunus Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2025 Background and Aims: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common and distressing complication in all types of surgeries involving general anaesthesia. To establish evidence for best clinical practices, this meta-analysis compares the efficacy and safety of palonosetron and ondansetron in preventing PONV in patients undergoing non-laparoscopic surgeries. Methods: A PRISMA-guided systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and Cochrane Library to identify comparative studies that reported the efficacy (nausea and vomiting) at postoperative time points, namely T1 (0–2 hours), T2 (0–6 hours), T3 (12–24 hours), T4 (24–48 hours), and T5 (24–72 hours), as well as safety (number of incidence of adverse effects). A meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety groups was performed using a random-effects model. Results: Nineteen randomised controlled trials were included. Pooled risk ratio (RR) revealed that patients receiving palonosetron were significantly less likely to develop nausea [0–2 h, RR = 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50, 1.34), P = 0.317, I2 = 15.3%], [0–6 h, RR = 0.76 (95% CI: 0.44, 1.29), P = 0.137, I2 = 45.7%], [12–24 h, RR = 0.39 (95%CI: 0.16, 0.96), P = 0.088, I2 = 54.2%], [24–48 h, RR = 0.44 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.96), P = 0.598, I2 = 0%], [24–72 h, RR 0.22 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.57), P = 0.119, I2 = 53.0%] and vomiting [0–2 h, RR = 0.59 (95% CI: 0.29, 1.23), P = 0.868, I2 = 0%], [0–6 h, RR = 1.42 (95% CI: 0.74, 2.72), P = 0.790, I2 = 0%], [12–24 h, RR = 0.14 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.51), P = 0.749, I2 = 0.0%], [24–48 h, RR = 0.24 (95%CI: 0.09, 0.62), P = 0.561, I2 = 0%], [24–72 h, RR = 0.11 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.58), P = 0.859, I2 = 0%]. The safety profiles of palonosetron and ondansetron were comparable [headache: RR = 0.82 (95%CI: 0.65, 1.04), P = 0.940, I2 = 0%], [drowsiness: RR = 0.96 (95%CI: 0.54, 1.71), P = 0.870, I2 = 0%], [constipation: RR=1.20 (95%CI: 0.52, 2.79), P = 0.650, I2 = 0%], [dizziness: RR = 0.60 (95%CI: 0.44, 0.83), P = 0.644, I2 = 0%]. Conclusion: Palonosetron and ondansetron exhibited comparable efficacy in the early hours (0–6 h). Palonosetron showed superior efficacy beyond 6 hours, providing sustained PONV prophylaxis in patients undergoing various surgeries, excluding laparoscopic procedures.
Preface Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 2021
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician Krishnamurthy Bonanthaya, Elavenil Panneerselvam, Suvy Manuel, Vinay V. Kumar, Anshul Rai Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 2021
Effectiveness of Intraoperative Radiography in Zygomatic Fracture Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis B Lal, H Sankar, R Alagarsamy, J Kumar, A Barathi, M Yunus, A Rai British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , 2026 2026
Comparative Outcome of Extraoral versus Intraoral Approaches in the Management of Isolated Zygomatic Arch Fractures: A Systematic Review J Kumar, R Alagarsamy, J Chawla, H Sankar, B Lal, AJ Rai, ZR Bhatti, ... Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, 1-16 , 2026 2026
Anatomical delineation of the tubarial gland amidst ongoing debate: Macroscopic study with microscopic validation and novel duct discovery SA Athavale, S Kotgirwar, MM Khan, A Rai, D Joshi, R Lalwani Journal of Anatomy , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Quality of life assessment of patients rehabilitated with zygomatic implants in central India: a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study A Rai, J Thacker, Z Bhatti, B Lal, J Kumar, V Vijayan Archives of Craniofacial Surgery 26 (5), 183 , 2025 2025
Long-Term Outcomes of Surgical Management in Adult Mandibular Condyle Head Fractures with Various Osteosynthesis Materials: A Systematic Review R Alagarsamy, B Lal, A Poorna T, A Dhanasekaran, AJ Rai, J Kumar, ... Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery 24 (5), 1213-1228 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Correction: Comparison of Ondansetron and Palonosetron on PostoperativeNausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Maxillofacial Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Double‑Blind … J Kumar, S Bansal, DK Verma, AJ Rai, V Yadav, B Lal, P Shakti Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, 1-1 , 2025 2025
Institutional Insights on the Role of Myotomy and a Novel Physiotherapy Protocol in Managing 105 Cases of Oral Submucous Fibrosis A Rai International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 54, 186-187 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Clinically Guided Virtual Surgical Planning for Zygomatic Repositioning in Post-Traumatic Residual Deformities: A Technical Note B Lal, J Kumar, R Alagarsamy, AJ Rai, S Burman, AL Shetty Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery 24 (3), 660-663 , 2025 2025
Evaluation of surface EMG in masticatory, sternomastoid, and trapezius muscles among smartphone users with varying duration of mobile usage: An observational cross-sectional study AE Thakare, PS Salkar, SM Hulke, SL Wakode, RN Bharshankar, A Rai Advanced Biomedical Research 14 (1), 54 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Intraosseous Hemangioma of Zygomatic Bone Involving the Inferolateral Part of Orbit: A Case Report AJ Rai, J Kumar, P Goel, DK Verma, B Lal, N Vaghela Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, 1-5 , 2025 2025
A rare twist: Malignant transformation of epidermal cysts in the submandibular gland-A case report and literature review A Rai, J Thacker, Z Bhatti, J Kumar, P Arora Medical Reports 10, 100180 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Comparison of efficacy and safety between palonosetron and ondansetron to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing non-laparoscopic surgery: A … B Lal, R Alagarsamy, J Kumar, AJ Rai, V Yadav, R Joshi, M Yunus Indian Journal of Anaesthesia 69 (1), 108-122 , 2025 2025 Citations: 6
Comparison of efficacy and safety between palonosetron and ondansetron to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery: a systematic … J Kumar, R Alagarsamy, B Lal, AJ Rai, R Joshi, ST Karna, P Shakti, ... Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery 27 (4), 202 , 2024 2024 Citations: 7
Sub-Sigmoid Osteotomy for Transoral Removal of Ectopic Tooth From Mandibular Ramus and Sigmoid Region AJ Rai, B Lal, J Kumar, V Agrawal, ZR Bhatti Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery 23 (6), 1496-1499 , 2024 2024
BRUSH FOR MASSAGING GUMS RM Rai A 2024
Comparison of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation, acidogenicity, and buffering capacity among human breast milk, plain packaged bovine milk, sweetened bovine milk, and … S Pradhan, G Yadav, S Saha, K Dhinsa, A Sharma, A Rai Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 42 (4 … , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Throat packing via nasopharyngeal airway for severe trismus cases requiring surgical intervention under general anesthesia: A simplified and innovative approach J Kumar, AJ Rai, DK Verma, B Lal, S Kumar, ZR Bhatti Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 125 (4), 101944 , 2024 2024
TMJ Ankylosis Release and Reconstruction of Ramus Condylar Unit with Costochondral Graft by using In-House 3D Printed Guide and Anatomical Template B Lal, AJ Rai, J Kumar, ZR Bhatti, S Kumar Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, 1-5 , 2024 2024
A Novel Minimally Invasive and Cost-Effective Internal Fixation of the Le Fort I Fracture by Using Intermaxillary Fixation Screw and Wire: A Technical Note B Lal, S Burman, R Alagarsamy, AJ Rai, J Kumar, R Rajpoot Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery 23 (4), 1053-1055 , 2024 2024
Evidence-based management of isolated dentoalveolar fractures: a systematic review S Burman, B Lal, R Alagarsamy, J Kumar, A Ankush, AJ Rai, M Yunus Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 50 (3 … , 2024 2024 Citations: 7
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Oral and maxillofacial surgery for the clinician K Bonanthaya, E Panneerselvam, S Manuel, VV Kumar, A Rai Springer Nature , 2021 2021 Citations: 198
Are maxillomandibular fixation screws a better option than Erich arch bars in achieving maxillomandibular fixation? A randomized clinical study A Rai, A Datarkar, RM Borle Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 69 (12), 3015-3018 , 2011 2011 Citations: 145
Textbook of oral and maxillofacial surgery RM Borle Rai A. Basic principles of surgery; Sutures; Incisions; Neurological … , 2014 2014 Citations: 83
Is buccal fat pad a better option than nasolabial flap for reconstruction of intraoral defects after surgical release of fibrous bands in patients with oral submucous fibrosis … A Rai, A Datarkar, M Rai Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 42 (5), e111-e116 , 2014 2014 Citations: 53
Principles and techniques of exodontia J A K Bonanthaya, A Rai et al.Oral and maxillofacial surgery for the clinician … , 2021 2021 Citations: 46
Utility of high density porous polyethylene implants in maxillofacial surgery A Rai, A Datarkar, A Arora, DG Adwani Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery 13 (1), 42-46 , 2014 2014 Citations: 46
Custom-made implant for maxillofacial defects using rapid prototype models A Arora, AN Datarkar, RM Borle, A Rai, DG Adwani Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 71 (2), e104-e110 , 2013 2013 Citations: 39
Basics of dental implantology for the oral surgeon S Ebenezer, VV Kumar, A Thor K Bonanthaya, A Rai et al .Oral and maxillofacial surgery for the clinician … , 2021 2021 Citations: 31
Oral and maxillofacial surgery for the clinician A Jain, K Bonanthaya, E Panneerselvam, S Manuel, VV Kumar, A Rai Springer , 2021 2021 Citations: 29
Efficacy of preoperative antibiotics in prevention of dental implant failure: a Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials A Jain, A Rai, A Singh, S Taneja Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 24 (4), 469-475 , 2020 2020 Citations: 28
Comparison of single versus two non-compression miniplates in the management of unfavourable angle fracture of the mandible: a prospective randomized clinical study A Rai, A Jain, A Datarkar Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 22 (2), 157-161 , 2018 2018 Citations: 28
Customised screw for intermaxillary fixation of maxillofacial injuries AJ Rai, AN Datarkar, RM Borle British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 47 (4), 325-326 , 2009 2009 Citations: 28
Cysts of the “oro-maxillofacial region” N Malik K Bonanthaya, A Rai et al.Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician … , 2021 2021 Citations: 24
Comparative assessment between eyelet wiring and direct interdental wiring for achieving intermaxillary fixation: a prospective randomized clinical study A Rai, A Datarkar, R Borle, M Rai Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 70 (8), 1914-1917 , 2012 2012 Citations: 23
Comparison of single vs double noncompression miniplates in the management of subcondylar fracture of the mandible A Rai Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery 2 (2), 141-145 , 2012 2012 Citations: 23
Fractures of the Mandible A Rai Oral and maxillofacial surgery for the Clinician, 1053-1084 , 2021 2021 Citations: 22
Orthognathic surgery for the maxilla-LeFort I and anterior maxillary osteotomy A Dabir, J Vahanwala K Bonanthaya, A Rai et al. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician … , 2021 2021 Citations: 22
Principles of Internal Fixation in Maxillofacial Surgery K Bonanthaya, A Rai et al. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician … , 2021 2021 Citations: 22
Fascial space infections R Gaddipati K Bonanthaya, A Rai et al. Oral and maxillofacial surgery for the clinician … , 2021 2021 Citations: 21
Facial asymmetry NN Andrade, P Mathai, N Aggarwal K Bonanthaya, A Rai et al. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician … , 2021 2021 Citations: 21
RESEARCH OUTPUTS (PATENTS, SOFTWARE, PUBLICATIONS, PRODUCTS)
1. Grant Date 22.12.2023 Patent No: 487692, Application No. 201921003180 SPRING LOADED BILATERAL JAW OPENING DEVICE FOR ORAL PHYSIOTHERAPY
2. Grant Date 4.11.2024 Patent No. 553840, Application No. 202421012405 BRUSH FOR MASSAGING GUMS
3. Grant Date 6.12.2025 Patent No. 576272 Application No. 202421096395: A COMPACT MULTI-FUNCTIONAL DENTAL SURGICAL INSTRUMENT
4. Grant Date 27.1.2025 Patent Design No. 440543-001 HEAD OF TOOTH BRUSH CUM GUM MASSAGER-1
5. Grant Date 27.02.2025 Patent Design No. 440545-001 HEAD OF TOOTH BRUSH CUM GUM MASSAGER-2
6.Grant Date 17.03.2025 Patent Design No. 440544-001 HEAD OF TOOTH BRUSH CUM GUM MASSAGER-3
7.Grant Date 03.09.2025 Patent Design DENTAL IMPLANT
8. Grant Date 8.12.2025 Patent Design No. 467956-0011 INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE RETRACTOR