Building the Future of Radiology Through Artificial Intelligence: Uzbekistan National Efforts and Innovations Marat Khodjibekov, Yulduz Khodjibekova, Lalita Yunusova Korean Journal of Radiology, 2026 Artificial intelligence (AI) is profoundly reshaping the field of radiology across Asia and Oceania, contributing to enhanced diagnostic precision, optimization of workflow processes, and improved accessibility to imaging services in metropolitan and in underserved regions.Globally, the integration of AI into radiological practice continues to accelerate, propelled by advances in deep learning algorithms, the expansion of large-scale imaging datasets, and the establishment of standardized frameworks for clinical validation and reimbursement.In 2023, the Ministry of Innovative Development of the Uzbekistan implemented 511 innovative projects worth over 176 billion soums (USD 14 million).The primary areas that received funding were: medicine, the agricultural sector, architecture, metallurgy, and energy.A key priority project, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers in July 2025, is focussed on the development of image analysis in radiology (AI software for computed tomography [CT] and X-ray).
Functional State of the Endothelium in Various A/G Polymorphisms rs10757274, rs4977574 in Coronary Artery Disease after Revascularization, Depending on the Presence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Т.А. Хан, А.Л. Аляви, Д.К. Туляганова, Д.А. Далимова, Д.И. Раджабова, Д.А. Иманкулова, Л.И. Юнусова, Г.А. Назарова Kardiologija V Belarusi, 2026 Цель. Изучить функциональное состояние эндотелия при различных полиморфных вариантах A/G rs10757274, rs4977574 гена CDKN2B-AS1 среди пациентов, страдающих ИБС, перенесших реваскуляризацию, в зависимости от наличия сахарного диабета (СД) 2-го типа. Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось на базе Республиканского специализированного научно-практического медицинского центра терапии и медицинской реабилитации в отделениях кардиологии, интервенционной кардиологии и кардиореабилитации (Ташкент, Узбекистан). Все пациенты в анамнезе перенесли реваскуляризацию миокарда (чрескожное вмешательство либо аортокоронарное шунтирование). В зависимости от наличия СД пациенты были разделены на 2 группы: основная группа пациентов (n=45) с наличием СД 2-го типа, группа сравнения – группа пациентов (n=50) без СД в анамнезе. Результаты. Примечательно, что для генотипа АА в основной группе по обоим полиморфным вариантам гена CDKN2B-AS1 rs4977574 и rs10757274 наблюдалось более значимое повышение уровня ИЛ-6 по сравнению с группой сравнения (71,5±16,56 vs 24,58±6,68, р=0,008; 79,7±15,4 vs 24,51±6,32, p<0,05 соответственно). При распределении по генотипам полиморфизма гена rs4977574 показатели эндотелиальной дисфункции были достоверно выше в группе пациентов с наличием СД 2-го типа в анамнезе. Наибольшие значения наблюдались в группе пациентов с генотипом АА в основной и группе сравнения, 311,14±121,89 пг/мл, 295,7±117,92, р=0,04 соответственно. Для генотипа GG также уровень эндотелина-1 превосходил норму, тем не менее в группе сравнения он был выше, нежели в основной группе (289,37±99,45 vs 250,84±108,46, р=0,05). Фактор роста эндотелия сосудов был выше в группе пациентов с отягощенным по СД 2-го типа диагнозом по сравнению с группой лиц без такового в анамнезе для всех полиморфных вариантов rs4977574, с самыми высокими показателями с генотипом АА (972,48±222,55 пг/мл). Заключение. Исследование показало более выраженные функциональные расстройства эндотелия среди пациентов с полиморфизмом гена CDKN2B-AS1 rs4977574, rs10757274 генотипа АА с ишемической болезнью сердца, ассоциированной с СД 2-го типа. Purpose. To investigate the functional state of the endothelium in various polymorphic variants of A/G rs10757274, rs4977574 of the CDKN2B-AS1 gene among patients with coronary artery disease who underwent revascularization, depending on the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Therapy and Medical Rehabilitation in the departments of cardiology, interventional cardiology, and cardiac rehabilitation (Tashkent, Uzbekistan). All patients had a history of myocardial revascularization (percutaneous intervention (PCI) or aortocoronary bypass surgery (ACBS)). Depending on the presence of diabetes mellitus, patients were divided into two groups: the main group of patients (n=45) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and the comparison group of patients (n=50) without DM history. Results. It is noteworthy that for the AA genotype in the main group, a more significant increase in IL-6 levels was observed for both polymorphic variants of the CDKN2B-AS1 rs4977574 and rs10757274 genes compared to the comparison group (71.5±16.56 vs 24.58±6.68, p=0.008; 79.7±15.4 vs 24.51±6.32, p<0.05, respectively). When distributed by genotypes of the rs4977574 gene polymorphism, endothelial dysfunction indicators were significantly higher in the group of patients with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The highest values were observed in the group of patients with the AA genotype in the main and comparison groups, 311.14±121.89 pg/ml, 295.7±117.92, p=0.04, respectively. For the GG genotype, endothelin-1 levels also exceeded the norm, but in the comparison group they were higher than in the main group (289.37±99.45 vs 250.84±108.46, p=0.05). FRES was higher in the group of patients with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to the group of subjects without such a history for all polymorphic variants of rs4977574, with the highest values for the AA genotype (972.48±222.55 pg/ml). Conclusion. The study showed more pronounced endothelial dysfunction among patients with CDKN2B-AS1 rs4977574, rs10757274 genotype AA polymorphism with ischemic heart disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Prediction of maxillofacial complications in post-COVID-19 patients, using magnetic resonance imaging and Adkham I. Khasanov Vestnik Sovremennoi Klinicheskoi Mediciny, 2025 Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on patients’ health, leading to the development of some long-term complications, including pathologies in the maxillofacial region. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as a highly effective imaging method, allows for the early detection of these changes, facilitating timely intervention and reducing the risk of further complications. Early prediction and diagnosis of such conditions are critical for optimizing treatment approaches and improving the post-COVID-19 patients’ quality of life. The aim of this study is to analyze the use of magnetic resonance imaging for predicting maxillofacial complications in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, with the goal of improving early diagnosis of and appropriate treatment of these complications. Materials and Methods. The study included 41 patients with the early MRI signs of post-COVID complications in the midface (average age 45 ± 5 years, 73% being male patients) and 48 patients with late complications (average age 45 ± 3 years, 56.3%being male patients). MRI was performed on a 1.5 Tesla scanner using standard coils for the head and neck. The protocol included axial T1WI, T2WI, T2GRE, FLAIR, and DWI images, as well as contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography to assess vascular changes and pathologies. Results and Discussion. During the study, MRI examinations were performed on patients who had recovered from COVID-19 to identify pathologies in their maxillofacial regions. The following typical complications were found: Osteonecrosis of the maxilla, inflammatory processes in the facial soft tissues, and changes in blood supply. Prediction of possible complications based on MRI data allowed for early diagnosis and prevention of the development of severe conditions in many patients. Conclusions. The use of magnetic resonance imaging is an effective tool for predicting complications in the maxillofacial region in patients who have recovered from COVID-19. Timely diagnosis can prevent further deterioration of the condition and contributes to a more accurate selection of treatment strategies. The inclusion of MRI in the comprehensive examination of post-COVID-19 patients will improve diagnostic accuracy and improve the disease prognosis.
Current trends in the development of midface complications in post-COVID-19 patients: A literature review , Lalita R. Yunusova, Bahodir A. Khalmanov, , Gayrat O. Ikramov, , Guzal B. Khaidarova, , Kaim J. Suvonov, and Vestnik Sovremennoi Klinicheskoi Mediciny, 2025 Introduction. COVID-19 can cause both systemic and localized complications, including midface region conditions, such as maxillary osteomyelitis and infections. These issues are exacerbated by metabolic disorders and chronic inflammation associated with post-COVID syndrome. The aim of the study was to examine current trends in the midface region complications in post-COVID-19 patients, based on a review analysis. Materials and Methods. Scientific publications were searched for in databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, and RSNA, using the following keywords: osteomyelitis, maxilla, complications, and COVID-19. A total of 150 articles were identified. After excluding duplicate entries (15 articles) and publications with insufficient data (85 articles), 50 of the most relevant sources were included in the analysis. Results and Discussion. Recent studies indicate that post-COVID-19 patients are at an increased risk of developing complications in the midface region, such as maxillary osteomyelitis and other infectious lesions. These issues may stem from chronic inflammation, immune system dysfunction, and vascular abnormalities triggered by the infection. Individuals with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and other metabolic disorders are particularly vulnerable due to the systemic inflammation and microcirculatory impairments. These findings highlight the need for early diagnosis, preventive measures, and comprehensive management of midface complications in patients recovering from COVID-19. Conclusions. Post-COVID-19 patients are at an increased risk of developing complications in the midface region. These findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis and a comprehensive approach to treatment, including prevention and risk factor management.
Value of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the differential diagnosis of midface complications in fungal pathologies , Yulduz M. Khodjibekova, Marat X. Khodjibekov, , Adkham I. Khasanov, , Zafar B. Abdashimov, , Lalita R. Yunusova, and Vestnik Sovremennoi Klinicheskoi Mediciny, 2025 Introduction. Midface lesions caused by fungal infections are one of the most challenging tasks in modern clinical practice in terms of diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, against the backdrop of increasing cases of invasive fungal diseases, such as mucormycosis, the importance of accurate and timely diagnosis has increased significantly. These infections, often developing in immunocompromised patients, affect both soft tissues and bone structures, making diagnosis particularly important. The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic value of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging methods in the detection and differential diagnosis of midface complications caused by fungal infections, considering their spread to soft tissues and bone structures. Materials and Methods. During a two-year observation period, 40 cases of fungal sinusitis were diagnosed clinically. Among the patients, there were 22 men (55%) and 18 women (45%), aged 47 ± 2 years on average. Standard CT protocols were used for diagnosing with the slice thickness of 1.25 mm, including axial and coronal slices with contrast enhancement. Assessment of disease dynamics was based on changes in the volume of inflammatory processes, bone structure, and surrounding tissues. Magnetic resonance imaging diagnostics were performed on a 1.5 Tesla scanner using standard coils for head and neck. The protocol included axial T1WI, T2WI, T2GRE, FLAIR, and DWI images, as well as contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography to assess vascular changes and pathologies. Results and Discussion. The study analyzed 40 cases of fungal sinusitis confirmed by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and histological examination. Clinical manifestations, the nature of paranasal sinus involvement, radiological signs, and the frequency of complications were evaluated. The most common pathogens identified were Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp., predominantly affecting the maxillary sinus. On computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging methods, thickening of the mucous membrane, bone destruction, and changes in tissue density were observed. Complications, including osteomyelitis and abscesses, required differential diagnosis with malignant tumors. Conclusions. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are important diagnostic methods for fungal sinusitis, allowing the identification of changes in sinus structures, bones, and soft tissues, as well as the assessment of the infection spread, which helps prevent complications and improve treatment outcomes.
Early Diagnosis of Kidney Damage in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Who Underwent Myocardial Revascularization Д.И. Раджабова, А.Л. Аляви, Д.К. Туляганова, Г.А. Назарова, Т.А. Хан, Л.И. Юнусова, М.М. Якубов Kardiologija V Belarusi, 2024 Введение. Наиболее информативным и наименее инвазивным методом диагностики раннего повреждения почек является ультразвуковая доплерография, которая широко применяется для оценки состояния внутрипочечного кровотока. Цель. Изучить возможность использования доплерографических параметров в качестве неинвазивной диагностики раннего повреждения почек у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) с наличием сахарного диабета (СД) 2-го типа и без него. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 45 пациентов с ИБС, из них 22 пациента без наличия СД 2-го типа (1-я группа), 23 пациента с СД 2-го типа (2-я группа). При доплерографическом исследовании проводилась визуализация главных почечных артерий (ГПА), сегментарных (СА) и междолевых артерий (МДА) с обеих сторон. Определяли максимальную скорость кровотока в систолу (Vmax, м/с), минимальную скорость кровотока (Vmin, м/с), а также индекс резистивности (RI, условные единицы – у. е.). Результаты. Выявлены достоверные различия в показателе Vmin в виде его снижения у пациентов 2-й группы на уровне ГПА (10,35 против 12,6 м/с), СА справа (8,7 против 9,9 м/с) и ГПА (11,64 против 16,4 м/с), МДА (6,8 против 8,3 м/с) слева (р<0,05). Также у пациентов с наличием СД 2-го типа отмечалось более значимое увеличение Vmax на уровне МДА справа (44,5 против 38,5 м/с), СА (54,73 против 41,47 м/с) и МДА (44,5 против 38,5 м/с) слева в сравнении с пациентами 1-й группы (р<0,05). Кроме того отмечалось увеличение RI у пациентов 2-й группы в сравнении с пациентами 1-й группы на уровне МДА справа (0,71 vs 0,64 у. е.; р<0,05), ГПА слева (0,77 vs 0,71 у.е.; р<0,05), МДА слева (0,72 vs 0,66 у.е.; р<0,05). Заключение. У пациентов с ИБС с СД 2-го типа наиболее значимые изменения ренального кровотока отмечаются на уровне МДА. Показателем, наиболее полно отражающим наличие повреждения почек, является Vmin, он был достоверно снижен на уровне артерий разного калибра у лиц с СД 2-го типа в сравнении с пациентами без СД (р<0,05). Introduction. The most informative and less invasive method of diagnosing early kidney injury is ultrasound Dopplerography, which is widely used to assess the state of intrarenal blood flow. Purpose. To study the possibility of using Doppler parameters as a noninvasive diagnostics of early kidney damage in patients with chronic heart disease (CHD) with and without the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and methods. We examined 45 CHD patients, including 22 patients without type 2 DM (group 1) and 23 patients with type 2 DM (group 2). During Doppler study, visualization of the main renal arteries (MRA), segmental arteries (SA) and interlobar arteries (ILA) on both sides was performed. The maximum blood flow velocity in systole (Vmax, m/s), minimum blood flow velocity (Vmin, m/s), as well as resistance index (RI, conventional units – u. u.) were determined. Results. Significant differences in Vmin parameters were revealed in the form of its decrease in patients of the 2nd group along the MRA (10.35 vs 12.6 m/s), SA on the right (8.7 vs 9.9 m/s) and MRA (11.64 vs 16.4 m/s), ILA (6.8 vs 8.3 m/s) on the left (p<0.05). Also in patients with type 2 DM there was a more significant increase of Vmax along the ILA on the right (44,5 vs 38,5 m/s), SA (54,73 vs 41,47 m/s) and ILA (44,5 vs 38,5 m/s) on the left in comparison with patients of group 1 (p<0,05). In addition, there was an increase in RI in group 2 patients compared with group 1 patients along the ILA on the right (0.71 vs 0.64 u. u.; p<0.05), MRA on the left (0.77 vs 0.71 u. u; p<0.05), and ILA on the left (0.72 vs 0.66 u. u.; p<0.05). Conclusion. In CHD patients with type 2 DM, the most significant changes in renal blood flow are noted along the ILA. The index most fully reflecting the presence of renal damage is Vmin, which was significantly reduced at the level of arteries of different caliber in patients with DM type 2 in comparison with patients without DM (p<0,05).
ROLE OF MSCT AND MRI IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF MIDFACE COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH FUNGAL PATHOLOGIES , MAKSUDA N. ISRAILOVA, LALITA R. YUNUSOVA, , YULDUZ M. KHODJIBEKOVA, , DILSHODA YU. YULDASHEVA, and Vestnik Sovremennoi Klinicheskoi Mediciny, 2023 Introduction. Fungi are one of the constituents of an ecosystem. There are about 250 known human- pathogenic fungi species: From the widely spread Candida to the pathogene of aspergillosis that may lead to fatal consequences in certain conditions. Studies performed by Russian and foreign authors show the increase in the frequency of chronic sinusitis determined by the presence of fungi or fungal-microbial associations. Aim of this study is to perform the differential diagnosis of midface complications in patients with fungal pathology according to multispiral computed tomogrsphy and magnetic resonance tomography. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study was conducted based on the findings of multispiral computed and/or magnetic resonance tomographies of 68 patients. Presence of a fungal process was confirmed by histopathologic, mucroscopic, and cultural investigations. Results and Discussion. Histological investigations of surgical specimen detected the presence of fungal bodies formed by mycelium, i.e., a cluster of densely, compactly located fungal flocci in 28 of 48 (58.3 %): In 28 patients with maxilla sinus lesions, in 14 patients with sohenoidal sinus lesions, and in 5 patients with ethmoidal sinus lesions. In case of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, the computed tomography of paranasal sinuses detected mucosal thickening and the bone density decrease associated with an erosive process. Unilateral lesions, erosions, and thinning of the sinus bone walls. According to magnetic resonance tomography, there was low signal in T2 mode, which is determined by the high concentrations of various metal elements in fungi, as well as by a high protein level and low free water contents in mucine. Conclusions. Visualization is essential to staging the disease and assessing the involvement of deeper structures, which may be clinically unmanifest. Although both computed tomography and magnetic resonance tomography are useful, the contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance tomography is the method of choice and helps assess the spread of the disease, especially regarding the deep extension into maxilla-facial area and brain.
CONTRAST-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY IN POST-COVID-19 PATIENTS , LALITA R. YUNUSOVA, BAHODIR A. KHALMANOV, , ORIFJON T. ALLANAZAROV, , ZUKHRA B. RUZMETOVA, and Vestnik Sovremennoi Klinicheskoi Mediciny, 2023 Introduction. Contrast-induced nephropathy is a serious cause of acute kidney injury and represents an urgent problem in clinical practice. Until recently, there are contradictions in the understanding of many aspects of contrast-induced nephropathy. However, the current situation with using CAs in patients with COVID-19, thus causing contrast-induced nephropathy, has become an urgent issue for clinical physicians and radiologists. Aim of this study is to review some up-to-date information on the use of newer and less nephrotoxic drugs among post-COVID-19 patients with a previous renal impairment. Material and Methods. Topical studies published on studying contrast- induced nephropathies in post-COVID-19 patients have been reviewed herein. Results and Discussion. In case of developing the acute renal failure syndrome caused by using CAs in past-COVID-19 patients, first it is necessary to exclude alternative (non-contrast-induced) causes of its occurrence, such as thromboembolism syndrome that may develop upon angiography, ischemic nephropathy, nephrotoxic effects. Upon administration of the X-ray ca, a short-term increase in creatinine levels is possible after 24 hours, but this does not mean the development of contrast-induced nephropathy. Conclusions. To prevent the development of contrast-induced nephropathies, patients must be adequately hydrated. Nephrotoxic drugs should be discontinued at least 24 hours before ca administration. Moreover, the choice of a suitable ca is important.
MRI IMAGING OF MIDFACE COMPLICATIONS IN POST-COVID-19 PATIENTS , YULDUZ M. KHODJIBEKOVA, LALITA R. YUNUSOVA, , RUSTAM A. AMONULLOEV, , GAYRAT O. IKRAMOV, and Vestnik Sovremennoi Klinicheskoi Mediciny, 2023 Introduction. Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis is an angio-invasive infection caused by filamentous fungi of the Mucoraceae family. Numerous factors were proposed determining mucormycosis against the COVID-19 background. Predisposing factors include uncontrolled diabetes, hematological malignancies, transplantation of solid organs and stem cells, corticosteroids, and weakened immunity. Aim of the study was to investigate the tomographic signs of rhino-cerebral mucormycosis. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study of CT and/or MRI images of 120 patients was conducted, who have been diagnosed with COVID-19 associated with mucormycosis, based on histopathology and/or seeding. Results and Discussion. Imaging findings of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis associated with COVID-19 using an adapted simplified (three-stage) staging system that can be easily applied to everyday practice and helps standardize and improve communication between radiologists and clinicians. The severity of the disease varies from isolated lesions of the paranasal sinuses to extensive brain damage. Clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis gradually increase depending on the severity of imaging. Conclusions. Early diagnosis of mucormycosis is crucial because visualization is essential at staging the disease and assessing the involvement of deeper structures that may be clinically unmanifest. Although both CT and MRI are useful, contrast-enhanced MRI is the method of choice and helps determine the extent of the disease, especially with respect to the deep spread in the maxillofacial region and brain.
Differentiation of cystic lesions of neck Lalita Yunusova, Toru Aoyama, Yulduz Khodjibekova, Sobirjon Mamarajabov, Adkham Khasanov, Junichi Sakamoto, Elmira Baykhodjaeva Annals of Cancer Research and Therapy, 2020
