Doctor of Philosophy in Development Studies, Department of International Development (Queen Elizabeth House) - 2005-2009. Thesis: Building technological capability in developing countries: A study of ICT firms in South Africa Name of University, Supervised by Prof. Sanjaya Lall and Prof. Adrian Wood.
Masters in Science and Technology Policy (with distinction), Science and Policy Research Unit (SPRU) - 2001-2003. Thesis: Building Capabilities: Can Sub-Saharan countries learn from the East Asian experience? Supervised by Prof. Martin Bell.
Degree in Economics, University of Cantabria, Spain - 1995-1999.
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Economics and Econometrics, Development, Multidisciplinary
Household sector innovation, diffusion failure, and business ownership: Evidence from South Africa Jeroen P J de Jong, Max Mulhuijzen, Daniel Cowen, Larry Onyango, Erika Kraemer-Mbula Science and Public Policy, 2025 Individuals in the household sector (HHS) often develop generally valuable innovations but rarely diffuse these. We explored if this diffusion problem generalizes to HHS innovations in developing countries and zoomed in on the role of business ownership to delineate how entrepreneurship stimulates diffusion. In South Africa, we find higher diffusion efforts by citizens than in developed countries: also by freely revealing innovations deemed generally useful. Next, we identified three ways in which HHS innovation is related to business ownership: innovation (1) leads to new businesses (user entrepreneurship), (2) contributes to existing businesses, and (3) can be unrelated to existing businesses, but freely revealed to everyone’s benefit—in that case, business owners leverage their entrepreneurial expertise. In all, the diffusion problem seems more applicable to developed countries, and the role of business ownership in diffusion is more refined than what studies have shown to date.
The Paradoxes of Democracy and the Rule of Law Donatella della Porta, Michael Keating, Gianpaolo Baiocchi, Colin Crouch, Sheila Jasanoff, et al. Rethinking Society for the 21st Century Report of the International Panel on Social Progress Volume 2 Political Regulation Governance and Societal Transformations, 2018
The group on earth observations OECD Meeting Global Challenges Through Better Governance International Co Operation in Science Technology and Innovation, 2012
New directions in innovation and development: twenty years of Globelics E Kraemer-Mbula, S Cozzens, A Cummings, M Iizuka, R Lema, M Szapiro Innovation and Development, 1-20 , 2026 2026
Introduction to the Special Section in Honor of Richard R. Nelson M Grazzi, E Kraemer-Mbula, T Treibich Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, 1-5 , 2026 2026
Household sector innovation, diffusion failure, and business ownership: evidence from South Africa JPJ De Jong, M Mulhuijzen, D Cowen, L Onyango, E Kraemer-Mbula Science and Public Policy 52 (4), 613-629 , 2025 2025
Hybridization and Introgression between Sympatric Barbus Species in Kenyan Riverine Habitats Connected to Lake Victoria L Bornmann, E Kraemer-Mbula, R Tijssen, J Adams, R Haunschild, ... 2025
Transformative innovation in times of change: Lessons for Africa from the 2020 global pandemic E Kraemer-Mbula, R Hanlin, R Byrne, C Daniels, A Kingiri African Books Collective , 2024 2024 Citations: 8
14 Conclusion R Hanlin, E Kraemer-Mbula, R Byrne, C Daniels, A Kingiri Transformative Innovation in Times of Change: Lessons for Africa from the … , 2024 2024
Evolutionary economics and LDCs: An African perspective J Fagerberg, E Kraemer-Mbula, E Lorenz Routledge Handbook of Evolutionary Economics, 433-444 , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Measuring frontier technology adoption in developing countries E Lorenz, E Kraemer-Mbula Handbook of Innovation Indicators and Measurement, 260-277 , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
Measuring innovation in the informal economy: Current knowledge and open issues E Kraemer-Mbula Handbook of Innovation Indicators and Measurement, 363-374 , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
Where are innovation indicators and measurement going? A Arundel, E Kraemer-Mbula, F Gault Handbook of Innovation Indicators and Measurement, 430-432 , 2023 2023
Handbook of innovation indicators and measurement F Gault, A Arundel, E Kraemer-Mbula Edward Elgar Publishing , 2023 2023 Citations: 219
Making the invisible visible: Informal innovation in South Africa JPJ de Jong, M Mulhuijzen, D Cohen, E Kraemer-Mbula, L Onyango, ... United Nations Development Programma (UNDP) , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
Firm innovation and employment in South Africa: Examining the role of export participation and innovation novelty K Naidoo, M Bengoa, E Kraemer-Mbula, F Tregenna Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 59 (2), 589-604 , 2023 2023 Citations: 15
Transformative innovation in times of change: Lessons for Africa from COVID-19 CDAK Erika Kraemer-Mbula, Rebecca Hanlin, Rob Byrne 2023
The effects of digital transformation on innovation and productivity: Firm-level evidence of South African manufacturing micro and small enterprises C Gaglio, E Kraemer-Mbula, E Lorenz Technological Forecasting and Social Change 182, 121785 , 2022 2022 Citations: 563
Technology transfer and absorptive capacities in South Africa's medical device industry T Simon Ramaoka, E Kraemer-Mbula African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 14 (5 … , 2022 2022 Citations: 11
Value Creation and Socioeconomic Inclusion in South African Maker Communities C Armstrong, E Kraemer-Mbula The African Journal of Information and Communication 2022 (29), 1-25 , 2022 2022 Citations: 2
Digitalization, innovation and productivity in South African micro and small enterprises CA Gaglio, E Kraemer-Mbula, E Lorenz 2022 Citations: 7
The Innovation and Development Agenda in Africa: Status, Challenges and Perspectives MH Andersen, R Hanlin, A Kingiri, E Kraemer-Mbula Research Policy , 2022 2022
Innovation and uneven development: The challenge for low-and middle-income economies R Kaplinsky, E Kraemer-Mbula Research Policy 51 (2), 104394 , 2022 2022 Citations: 220
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
The effects of digital transformation on innovation and productivity: Firm-level evidence of South African manufacturing micro and small enterprises C Gaglio, E Kraemer-Mbula, E Lorenz Technological Forecasting and Social Change 182, 121785 , 2022 2022 Citations: 563
Artificial intelligence (AI) deployments in Africa: Benefits, challenges and policy dimensions A Gwagwa, E Kraemer-Mbula, N Rizk, I Rutenberg, J De Beer The African Journal of Information and Communication 26, 1-28 , 2020 2020 Citations: 268
Innovation and uneven development: The challenge for low-and middle-income economies R Kaplinsky, E Kraemer-Mbula Research Policy 51 (2), 104394 , 2022 2022 Citations: 220
Handbook of innovation indicators and measurement F Gault, A Arundel, E Kraemer-Mbula Edward Elgar Publishing , 2023 2023 Citations: 219
Innovation and the development agenda KM Erika, W Watu OECD Publishing , 2010 2010 Citations: 199
The informal economy in developing nations E Kraemer-Mbula, S Wunsch-Vincent Cambridge University Press , 2016 2016 Citations: 166
The cybercrime ecosystem: Online innovation in the shadows? E Kraemer-Mbula, P Tang, H Rush Technological Forecasting and Social Change 80 (3), 541-555 , 2013 2013 Citations: 155
Research excellence in Africa: policies, perceptions, and performance R Tijssen, E Kraemer-Mbula Science and Public Policy 45 (3), 392-403 , 2018 2018 Citations: 123
Innovation in developing countries: examining two decades of research R Lema, E Kraemer-Mbula, M Rakas Innovation and Development 11 (2-3), 189-210 , 2021 2021 Citations: 109
Is African industry competing? S Lall Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford , 2005 2005 Citations: 102
Transforming research excellence: New ideas from the Global South E Kraemer-Mbula, R Tijssen, M Wallace, R McLean African Minds , 2020 2020 Citations: 68
Are African micro-and small enterprises misunderstood? Unpacking the relationship between work organisation, capability development and innovation E Kraemer-Mbula, E Lorenz, L Takala-Greenish, OO Jegede, T Garba, ... International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development … , 2019 2019 Citations: 67
Adapting the innovation systems framework to Sub-Saharan Africa E Kraemer-Mbula, W Wamae Innovation and the development agenda, 65-90 , 2010 2010 Citations: 43
Work organisation, forms of employee learning and national systems of education and training E Lorenz, BÅ Lundvall, E Kraemer‐Mbula, P Rasmussen European Journal of Education 51 (2), 154-175 , 2016 2016 Citations: 38
Do productive capabilities affect export performance? Evidence from African firms EK Avenyo, F Tregenna, E Kraemer-Mbula The European Journal of Development Research 33 (2), 304-329 , 2021 2021 Citations: 33
Southern Africa E Kraemer-Mbula, M Scerri UNESCO science report: towards 2030, 535-65 , 2015 2015 Citations: 32
Innovation strategies in developing countries E Kraemer-Mbula, R Maharajh Innovation and the development agenda, 133-151 , 2010 2010 Citations: 32
Crime online: Cybercrime and illegal innovation H Rush, C Smith, E Kraemer-Mbula, P Tang 2009 Citations: 31
Industrial competitiveness in Africa: lessons from East Asia S Lall, E Kraemer-Mbula (No Title) , 2005 2005 Citations: 31
Gender diversity and enterprise innovative capability: The mediating effect of women’s years of education in Nigeria T Garba, E Kraemer-Mbula International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 10 (4), 290-309 , 2018 2018 Citations: 27