Electrocardiography teaching methods Revista Cubana De Educacion Medica Superior, 2025
The issue of electrocardiography interpretation competence revisited Revista Cubana De Educacion Medica Superior, 2025
Junctional ectopic tachycardia revisited Raimundo Carmona-Puerta, Elibet Chávez-González, Elizabeth Lorenzo-Martínez Postgraduate Medicine, 2025 Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) is an uncommon arrhythmia, but it can have devastating consequences when it occurs. Most physicians are not familiar with its diagnosis, which can seriously compromise management in emergency rooms. Many cases arise in the postoperative period following cardiovascular surgery. In this context, the arrhythmia significantly worsens the prognosis of patients. A particularly severe form of JET is congenital, which has a mortality rate of up to 35%. The diagnosis can be made from the fetal period to six months of age. JET is infrequently diagnosed in otherwise healthy adults. Some medical conditions have been associated with the occurrence of JET. In the electrocardiogram, the most prominent characteristics of the arrhythmia are atrioventricular dissociation, narrow QRS complexes, and R-R interval irregularity due to intermittent ventricular captures. A notable feature of JET is the lack of response to treatment in many patients. Management options are divided into general and specific measures. General measures include avoiding hyperthermia, pain control, and minimizing the use of exogenous catecholamines. Specific treatment involves antiarrhythmic drugs, temporary atrial pacing, and ablation.
The cardiovascular effects of large hiatal hernias: a narrative review of cases and studies Raimundo Carmona-Puerta, Denise Pérez-Sanchez, Jorge M. Pichardo-Ureña, José L. Rodríguez-Monteagudo, Elizabeth Lorenzo-Martínez Postgraduate Medicine, 2024 Hiatal hernia (HH) is a common disease in the general population. It is often asymptomatic, but if it does present clinical manifestations, these are usually gastrointestinal. Gastroesophageal reflux is the main symptom that accompanies it. Depending on the severity of the hernia, it is classified into several subtypes from I–IV. Especially, IV type (giant HH) can lead to various cardiopulmonary symptoms with several degrees of severity. It is necessary to keep this possibility in mind among the various differential diagnoses that may occur in this clinical setting. The current paper aims to review the literature on classic and novel information on the HH – cardiovascular system relationship. Epidemiological data, physiological aspects of the heart compressed by HH, cardiovascular symptoms, electrocardiographic changes, echocardiographic alterations and clinical implications are discussed. Plain language summary Normally, the stomach and the heart are not in direct contact because they are in different cavities, the thorax and the abdomen, respectively. When part of the stomach moves toward the chest through the diaphragm, we say there is a hiatal hernia (HH). Most of the time the HH symptoms are mild and clearly digestive. In severe cases, surgical repair of the HH is required. Even in these circumstances, digestive symptoms continue to be the most frequent. However, some patients present cardiovascular symptoms and few or no digestive symptoms. This easily creates diagnostic confusion, which leads to incorrect treatments and unnecessary expenses. In extreme cases, as seen in giant HH, the degree of cardiovascular involvement is very serious. There are documented cases that have suffered cardiac arrest, arrhythmias of different types and symptoms like classic acute myocardial infarction. It is required that clinical doctors and surgeons are aware that this complication exists. Only with this in mind can a timely diagnosis be achieved. Some emergency measures have been saving, gastric decompression with a tube being the most important. The main mechanism that explains the serious cardiovascular consequences of giant HH is cardiac compression. The dissemination of this knowledge can help save lives.
Would a complete electrophysiological study allow us to make a correct diagnosis? Case report Elibet Chávez-González, Raimundo Carmona-Puerta, Fernando Rodríguez-González, Juan Miguel Cruz-Elizundia, Cynthia Torres-Acosta Egyptian Heart Journal, 2023 Background Oblique course of some left accessory pathways is rare An incomplete electrophysiological study may confuse us between an oblique accessory pathway or the presence of two accessory pathways. The proximity of all atrial and ventricular electrograms, at each pole of the catheter, within the coronary sinus may be a novel finding. Case presentation A 68-year-old woman patient presented arrhythmias with hypotension requiring electrical cardioversion. Her electrocardiogram (ECG) was interpreted as atrial fibrillation by accessory pathway. We performed with the protocol of ablation stablished in our laboratory: two punctures on the right femoral vein with placement of introducers (8F and 7F) by Seldigner technique and one puncture on the left femoral vein (7F). The study was performed with BIOTRONIK technology (Multicath study catheter), a non-deflectable 7F quadripolar catheter with 2 mm tip electrode to record the His electrogram, a non-deflectable decapolar catheter with 5 pairs of coronary sinus (CS) electrodes. Accessory pathway mapping was performed in right and left cavities and within the CS. All electrograms into CS showed short AV from proximal to distal CS. Finally, ablation of two accessory pathway recordings was achieved at two distant epicardial points within the CS. Conclusions Ablation at two distant sites, one on the ventricular side and the other on the mitral annulus, suggests the presence of an oblique accessory pathway and at the same time the differential diagnosis of the presence of two accessory pathways. In our point of view according the above, we consider this is a very rare case of oblique AP with epicardial trajectory. The sequence of electrograms (in this case) along the CS has not been seen before in the literature reviewed. It is important, regardless of the urgency, to follow diagnostic and therapeutic protocols in invasive electrophysiology.
P-wave Dispersion: Why Should we Turn the Page? Revista Cubana De Cardiologia Y Cirugia Cardiovascular, 2023
QRS dispersion to determine electromechanical synchrony in patients undergoing permanent cardiac stimulation Anales De La Academia De Ciencias De Cuba, 2023
P-wave dispersion is a vectorial phenomenon: Is it time to change minds? Raimundo Carmona Puerta, Elizabeth Lorenzo Martínez, Ionut Donoiu, Elibet Chávez González Journal of Arrhythmia, 2022 P-wave dispersion (PWD) is an electrocardiographic parameter for predicting atrial fibrillation.1 There are two theories to explain the origin of PWD, one of them is the most acclaimed by researchers (local or conduction theory). Local theory proposes the presence of different conduction velocity zones in atrial wall leading to different P-wave durations in the 12-lead ECG. The other is vectorial theory, which argues, that any vector generated during the atrial depolarization process is projected unequally in the axes corresponding to the ECG leads. The conduction time of the P wave varies from the 12-leads, and the records of 12-lead ECG depend on the rotation of the heart in each patient. With vectorial theory, the maximum P wave (Pmax) and minimum P-wave (Pmin) can be identified too. With the vectorial theory, both the maximum (Pmax) and minimum (Pmin) can be also identified. Preferences with the local theory lie in the explanation of the relationship between PWD and atrial fibrillation (AF), the asynchrony of atrial wall depolarization is explained for this association.1, 2 The mechanism of PWD has remained unclear for more than 20 years. Recently it has been elucidated. New findings radically change the way to understand PWD in the clinical setting. New knowledge leads us to wonder if the PWD parameter is still useful.3 Recently, local and vector theories were investigated at the same time in the same sample for analyzing the occurrence of the PWD phenomenon.3 This research could help us understand that the lead-containing the Pmax is parallel to the electrical axis of the P wave, as well as, the lead-expressing the Pmin is perpendicular to the P wave axis. The expression above justifies the inter-lead differences between the P wave measured on the 12-lead surface electrocardiogram and explains the different degrees of vector projection on the leads axes. In addition, it was found that PWD tends to dissipate when P wave is magnifyed(magnified) from 10× to 160×. After magnification, PWD was reduced from 48 to 4 ms.3 A moderate or high correlations between atrial conduction times and PWD has been demonstrated by echocardiography.4 However, at least three aspects allow us to think that it cannot be taken as evidence of a significant role of local theory to explain PWD. First, there have been no studies designed in the international literature to explore the value of the local theory, so the information concerning this issue is a secondary outcome; second, invasive electrophysiological measurements were not used; nevertheless, invasive electrophysiological study is universally accepted as the gold standard for quantifying cardiac conduction time and; third, none of these echocardiography studies determined the heterogeneity of atrial depolarization, which is the electrical phenomenon that theoretically gives rise to PWD, according to local theory. All evidence points to vector theory as the main mechanism for producing PWD, On the other hand, conduction theory can explain the phenomenon but only weakly.3, 5 PWD appears as a consequence of the standardization of the 12-lead electrocardiogram (25 mm/s - 10 mm/mV or 50 mm/s - 20 mm/mV) and disappear when using magnification software.3 Why does PWD continue to be a predictor parameter in clinical studies? A strong correlation between Pmax and PWD has been well described and it was later ratified.1, 3 Pmax measured on ECG is the variable most closely to the real value of total conduction time in the atrial wall and it is the best noninvasive assessor of atrial conduction time.3 That is why, the future of AF predictors ECG-derived will rest on the so-called interatrial blocks, which are the best possible expressions of the atrial conduction disturbances. Vectorial theory is the best explanation for the origin of PWD. Inhomogeneous atrial conduction the basis of local theory has a small but significant contribution to the origin of PWD, but only when there is delayed interatrial conduction. The vectorial justification of the PWD advise against it as a useful parameter for clinical use.3, 5 The authors who wrote this letter have been working for several years on the local theory. Vector theory had not been studied in the same sample of patients. Finally, we studied which of the two theories was the most essential. The role of the local and vectorial theories was demonstrated.3, 5 PWD phenomenon is only explained by vector theory when there is normal atrial conduction. And both the local and vector theories explain the phenomenon when there are conduction disturbances, but the vector theory explains it with more strength.3, 5 Certainly, there are limitations to PWD with the limited spatial resolution and the specified 12-lead ECG, but there may be a future for PWD with improved spatial resolution and using other than usual 12-lead ECG, such as mechanical analysis or rather than 12-lead ECG. A change of mind is necessary and there is scientific evidence for it. Electrophysiology laboratory staff and nurses The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
P-wave dispersion, its association with echocardiographic variables and blood pressure in children aged 8 to 11 years Anales De La Academia De Ciencias De Cuba, 2015
Cardiovascular risk and arrhythmias electrocardiographic markers in hypertensive patients without coronary artery disease Revista De La Federacion Argentina De Cardiologia, 2013
Glibenclamide in preventing death sudden cardiac Raimundo Carmona Puerta, Yaniel Castro Torres, Zoila Armada Esmore, César Cáceres Monie, José Estepo, Claudio Higa, Alberto Morales Salinas, Gastón Rodríguez Granillo, Edgardo Schapachnik, Jorge Yanovsky, Marcos Marín, Guillermo Fábregues, Pablo Rodríguez Revista Argentina De Cardiologia, 2012
Authors' reply Raimundo Carmona Puerta, Yaniel Castro Torres, Zoila Armada Esmore, César Cáceres Monie, José Estepo, Claudio Higa, Alberto Morales Salinas, Gastón Rodríguez Granillo, Edgardo Schapachnik, Jorge Yanovsky, Marcos Marín, Guillermo Fábregues, Pablo Rodríguez Revista Argentina De Cardiologia, 2012
Masquerading bundle branch block revisited Revista De La Federacion Argentina De Cardiologia, 2012
Analysis and dispersion of QT, JT and Tpeak-Tend intervals in elite female water polo players Revista Argentina De Cardiologia, 2012
Increased P wave dispersion in elite athletes Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal, 2011
Thirteen reasons not to abandon the use of quinidine and to avoid recall Revista Argentina De Cardiologia, 2010
La ley de la serie en la clínica:¿ Un fenómeno diagnóstico real o ilusión heurística? R Carmona-Puerta, E Lorenzo-Martinez Medicentro Electrónica 29, e4421 , 2025 2025
INSUFICIENCIA CARDIACA EN MUJERES: UN ESTUDIO PILOTO SOBRE FACTORES ASOCIADOS A LA MORTALIDAD R Carmona-Puerta, E Lorenzo Martínez, N Cáceres-Núñez, ... CIBAMANZ2025 , 2025 2025
ENDOCARDITIS INFECCIOSA DESENMASCARADA POR FALLA DE ESTIMULACIÓN DE MARCAPASOS R Carmona-Puerta, E Lorenzo-Martinez, J Rodriguez-Fresnedo CIBAMANZ2025 , 2025 2025
ÍNDICE ATEROGÉNICO Y RIESGO DE EVENTOS CARDIOVASCULARES ADVERSOS EN PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS POR ANGINA INESTABLE R Carmona-Puerta, E Lorenzo-Martinez, J Rodriguez-Fresnedo, ... CIBAMANZ2025 , 2025 2025
Junctional ectopic tachycardia revisited R Carmona-Puerta, E Chávez-González, E Lorenzo-Martínez Postgraduate Medicine 137 (3-4), 243-250 , 2025 2025
Controversialidad en el sustento fisiológico de las dispersiones del Electrocardiograma RG Fernando, CG Elibet, R Carmona-Puerta BiomedVC2025 , 2025 2025
The issue of electrocardiography interpretation competence revisited R Carmona-Puerta, E Lorenzo-Martínez Educación Médica Superior 39 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Electrocardiography teaching methods R Carmona-Puerta, EL Lorenzo-Martínez Educación Médica Superior 39 , 2025 2025
La habilidad de interpretar el electrocardiograma desde una perspectiva moderna R Carmona-Puerta, E Lorenzo-Martínez Edumecentro 17 (1), 43 , 2025 2025
P089 RELATION BETWEEN ISOMETRIC STRESS-INDUCED PRESSURE RESPONSE AND P-WAVE OF THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM HRR Nuñez, R Carmona-Puerta, E Lorenzo-Martinez, KH Gonzalez, ... Journal of Hypertension 42 (Suppl 3), e88 , 2024 2024
P088 VASCULAR HYPERREACTIVITY IS RELATED TO SHORTENING FRACTION AND LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS IN YOUNG NORMOTENSIVES HRR Nuñez, R Carmona-Puerta, E Lorenzo-Martinez, MCM Sanchez, ... Journal of Hypertension 42 (Suppl 3), e88 , 2024 2024
P133 ALTERED P-WAVE DISPERSION IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED YOUNG HYPERTENSIVES HRR Nuñez, R Carmona-Puerta, E Lorenzo-Martínez, KH Gonzalez, ... Journal of Hypertension 42 (Suppl 3), e106 , 2024 2024
Associated factors with the occurrence of in-hospital cardiac arrest in patients admitted to internal medicine wards for non-cardiovascular causes R Carmona-Puerta, JL Choque-Laura, E Chávez-González, ... Medicina Clínica (English Edition) 162 (12), 574-580 , 2024 2024
The cardiovascular effects of large hiatal hernias: a narrative review of cases and studies R Carmona-Puerta, D Pérez-Sanchez, JM Pichardo-Ureña, ... Postgraduate Medicine 136 (4), 358-365 , 2024 2024 Citations: 10
Estrategia diferente para ablación de taquicardia ventricular fascicular posterior después del bloqueo mecánico por catéteres: A propósito de un caso EC González, FR González, JMC Elizundia, AEH Castellón, ... CorSalud 15 (3) , 2023 2023
Dispersión de la onda P:¿ por qué debemos pasar la página? R Carmona-Puerta, E Lorenzo-Martínez Revista Cubana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular 29 (3), e1406-e1406 , 2023 2023
The “old” electrocardiogram continues to provide new variables for medical care and education FR González, EC González, R Carmona-Puerta EDUMECENTRO 15, e2749 , 2023 2023
Características y evolución clínica de pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio y elevación del segmento ST con y sin bloqueo interauricular FJ Valladares Carvajal, VM Carretero Acosta, R Carmona Puerta, ... Revista Finlay 13 (3), 282-292 , 2023 2023
Hallazgos electrocardiográficos sugieren cambio de paradigma en la enfermedad coronaria aguda: A propósito de un caso AEH Castellón, FR González, LFV Fleites, R Carmona-Puerta, ... CorSalud 15 (2) , 2023 2023
MARCADORES ELECTROCARDIOGRÁFICOS AL INGRESO COMO PREDICTORES DE MORTALIDAD EN LA ENFERMEDAD CEREBROVASCULAR HEMORRÁGICA NO TRAUMÁTICA R Carmona-Puerta, E Lorenzo-Martínez, RF Jesús Jasiel, ... CIBAMANZ-2023 , 2023 2023
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Ventricular repolarization markers for predicting malignant arrhythmias in clinical practice Y Castro-Torres, R Carmona-Puerta, RE Katholi World Journal of Clinical Cases: WJCC 3 (8), 705 , 2015 2015 Citations: 210
Valor predictivo de muerte y complicaciones intrahospitalarias de los modelos de estratificación de riesgo en pacientes con infarto miocárdico agudo GO Rizo, JI Ramírez, D Pérez, L Novo, F Acosta, Q Cordero, E Chávez Rev Fed Arg Cardiol 40 (1), 57-64 , 2011 2011 Citations: 28
Increased P wave dispersion in elite athletes RC Puerta, EL Aliz, MAR Lopez-Calleja, RR Ramirez, GP Pena Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal 11 (3), 73 , 2011 2011 Citations: 26
Vitamin D deficiency and hypertension. Supporting evidence Y Castro Torres, A Fleites Pérez, R Carmona Puerta, M Vega Valdez, ... Revista Colombiana de Cardiología 23 (1), 42-48 , 2016 2016 Citations: 23
QRS dispersion as an index of dyssynchrony in left bundle branch block and of synchrony after cardiac resynchronization therapy: A variable of successful response EC González, AA Herrera, R Carmona-Puerta, DP Cabrera, ... CorSalud (Revista de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares) 7 (2), 106-116 , 2015 2015 Citations: 23
Interatrial blocks: Diagnosis and clinical significance R Carmona-Puerta Medicina Clínica (English Edition) 155 (5), 207-214 , 2020 2020 Citations: 20
Vectorial theory surpasses the local theory in explaining the origin of P-wave dispersion R Carmona Puerta, E Martínez Lorenzo, M López-Calleja Rabassa, ... Journal of Electrocardiology 66, 152-160 , 2021 2021 Citations: 17
New parameter of the second half of the P-wave, P-wave duration, and atrial conduction times predict atrial fibrillation during electrophysiological studies R Carmona Puerta, E Lorenzo Martínez, MA Rabassa López-Calleja, ... Medical Principles and Practice 30 (5), 462-469 , 2021 2021 Citations: 15
Atrial conduction explains the occurrence of the P‐wave dispersion phenomenon, but weakly R Carmona Puerta, E Chávez González, MA Rabassa López‐Calleja, ... Journal of Arrhythmia 36 (6), 1083-1091 , 2020 2020 Citations: 15
Increased QRS duration and dispersion are associated with mechanical dyssynchrony in patients with permanent right ventricular apical pacing E Chávez-González, A Nodarse-Concepción, I Donoiu, ... Discoveries 9 (2), e128 , 2021 2021 Citations: 13
Aumento da dispersao da onda P dependente da tensao arterial média em préhipertensos e hipertensos: Aumento da dispersao da onda P dependente da tensao arterial média em … EC González, JC Hevia, EG Rodríguez, MCL Camacho, MG Llanes, ... Journal of Cardiac Arrhythmias 23 (2), 75-81 , 2010 2010 Citations: 13
Hipertensión arterial en población pediátrica, sus efectos en la dispersión de la onda P y el área auricular izquierda E Chávez, E González, J Castro, MC Llanes, M Gari, Y García, ... Revista chilena de cardiología 29 (3), 322-327 , 2010 2010 Citations: 13
Increased P wave dispersion in high performance soccer players and its relationship with sport practice time R Carmona-Puerta, RR Martín, MAR López-Calleja, JM León, ... CorSalud 5 (2), 155-160 , 2014 2014 Citations: 12
El electrocardiograma del paciente hipertenso. Dispersión de la onda P: nueva medida a tener en cuenta E Chávez González, E González Rodríguez, J Castro Hevia, ... Medisur 8 (5), 71-75 , 2010 2010 Citations: 11
The cardiovascular effects of large hiatal hernias: a narrative review of cases and studies R Carmona-Puerta, D Pérez-Sanchez, JM Pichardo-Ureña, ... Postgraduate Medicine 136 (4), 358-365 , 2024 2024 Citations: 10
Atrial fibrillation and cryptogenic stroke. What is the current evidence? Role of electrocardiographic monitoring R Carmona‐Puerta, Y Castro‐Torres Journal of Arrhythmia 34 (1), 1-3 , 2018 2018 Citations: 10
Cardiovascular risk and arrhythmias electrocardiographic markers in hypertensive patients without coronary artery disease AM Salinas, EL Aliz, R Carmona-Puerta, YV Ramos, RP Rodríguez, ... Rev Fed Arg Cardiol 42 (3), 189-194 , 2013 2013 Citations: 10
P wave dispersion over two decades after its discovery. What the cardiologist should know R Carmona-Puerta, E Lorenzo-Martínez REC: CardioClinics 56 (1), 49-57 , 2020 2020 Citations: 9
Dispersión de la onda P dependiente de la velocidad de la onda A del flujo de entrada mitral y de la presión arterial sistólica C Elibet, E González, J Castro, MC Llanes, M Garí, Y García, ... Revista Colombiana de Cardiología 18 (1), 59-64 , 2011 2011 Citations: 8
Revisión bibliográfica EC González, EG Rodríguez, JC Hevia, M del Carmen, L Camacho, ... Medisur 8 (5) , 2010 2010 Citations: 8