A Blockchain Architecture for Hourly Electricity Rights and Yield Derivatives Volodymyr Evdokimov, Anton Kudin, Vakhtanh Chikhladze, Volodymyr Artemchuk Fintech, 2026 The article presents a blockchain-based architecture for decentralized electricity trading that tokenizes energy delivery rights and cash-flows. Energy Attribute Certificates (EACs) are implemented as NFTs, while buy/sell orders are encoded as ERC-1155 tokens whose tokenId packs a time slot and price, enabling precise matching across hours. A clearing smart contract (Matcher) burns filled orders, mints an NFT option, and issues two ERC-20 assets: PT, the right to consume kWh within a specified interval, and YT, the producer’s claim on revenue. We propose a simple, linearly increasing discounted buyback for YT within the slot and introduce an aggregating token, IndexYT, which accumulates YTs across slots, redeems them at par at maturity, and gradually builds on-chain reserves—turning IndexYT into a liquid, yield-bearing instrument. We outline the PT/YY lifecycle, oracle-driven policy controls for DSO (e.g., transfer/splitting constraints), and discuss transparency, resilience, and capital efficiency. The contribution is a Pendle-inspired split of electricity into Principal/Yield tokens combined with a time-stamped on-chain order book and IndexYT, forming a programmable market for short-term delivery rights and yield derivatives with deterministic settlement.
CONSTRUCTION OF A MODEL FOR OPTIMAL SCHEDULING OF ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS IN THE DAY-AHEAD MARKET CONSIDERING MARKET STRATEGIES AND TECHNICAL CONSTRAINTS Oleksandr Havva, Yevgene Parus, Ihor Blinov, Volodymyr Evdokimov Eastern European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2026 This study investigates the process of optimal planning of energy storage system operating schedules in the day-ahead market. The task addressed is to prevent unprofitable operation of energy storage systems. A comprehensive mathematical model of daily planning of energy storage operation modes has been built, which takes into account technological efficiency, hardware wear processes, as well as asymmetry of market payments. This forms an adaptive filter with cutting off cycles of economically inefficient arbitrage. The approach is based on separation of the vector of control variables into two independent charging and discharging flows. This has made it possible to take into account the asymmetry of tariffs and the structure of losses in a differentiated manner. The study on the sensitivity of the model revealed the existence of areas of adaptive regulation and parametric insensitivity to fluctuations in price signals. In the area of parametric insensitivity, the model forms a stable cost-effective solution regardless of price fluctuations. In the area of adaptive regulation, the model changes the volumes of a separate operating cycle depending on a change in the market price spread. It has been established that ignoring the accompanying payments for the area of adaptive regulation leads to an overestimation of income by 35.6 percent and the formation of unprofitable operations. Under conditions of low market price spread, the deviation in the financial result reaches 91.6 percent; however, the parametric insensitivity of the model guarantees profitable operation. The scope of model's practical implementation is decision support systems for operators of energy storage systems. The conditions of use assume the presence of deterministic forecasts of market price signals for the calculated operating day. Implementing the model contributes to the extension of the life cycle and increase in the operational profitability of energy storage systems
P2P Contracts as a Mechanism for Automating and Decentralizing the Modern Energy Market Volodymyr Evdokimov, Anton Polukhin, Dmytro Tsvilii, Yana Lukashevych, Oleksandr Havva Oida International Journal of Sustainable Development, 2026 P2P contract models have become particularly important in the current context of energy market transformation, driven by the growing role of renewable energy sources, decentralization of electricity generation, and digitization of infrastructure. Such models add new qualities to energy interaction, contributing to the formation of local energy communities, increasing market flexibility, and improving the energy independence of consumers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the technical, regulatory, and infrastructural factors in the implementation of P2P contracts in the international and Ukrainian contexts. The study focuses on distributed energy systems. The research methodology is based on an empirical and analytical approach using quantitative comparative analysis of official statistics and an interdisciplinary literature review. The study reveals significant differences in the implementation of P2P models between countries with advanced digitalization and countries with transition economies. In particular, Ukraine lags significantly behind in three key indicators: the share of households participating in P2P trading, the level of distributed generation, and the penetration rate of smart meters. It has been shown that the successful implementation of such systems in developed countries is due to a combination of technological maturity, regulatory support, and active community participation. The current value of this study lies in the formulation of proposals for the application of international experience in Ukraine, taking into account the specifics of Ukrainian regulation and infrastructure. The results of the study can be used to develop plans for the digital transformation of the energy community and to improve strategies for strengthening P2P efforts.
EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS OF SIMULATION OF ELECTRICITY MARKET COUPLING IN THE "DAY AHEAD" MARKET , Ye.V. Parus, V.A. Evdokimov, and Technical Electrodynamics, 2024 The publication is devoted to the method of preliminary analysis of the results of the electricity market coupling in the "day-ahead" market segment. The relevance of the task of developing methods for preliminary evaluation of the results of the coupling of the "day-ahead" market of Ukraine with European interstate electricity exchanges is substantiated. The theoretical basis for the procedure for the selection of a separate external factor, with the aim of numerically evaluating the influence of such a factor that affects the change in the market equilibrium, is presented. The main components of the mathematical apparatus for finding market equilibrium in coupled electricity markets with the use of net export functions are described. The foundations for building algorithms for finding optimal solutions are determined. Features of the application of the proposed method on the example of the analysis of the results of Ukraine and Moldova electricity market coupling are demonstrated. Approaches to the creation of the function of Moldova's net export are shown, taking into account that the current structure of the Moldovan electricity market does not provide for the operation of the " day ahead" market segment. An example of simulation modeling of the processes of Ukraine and Moldova electricity market coupling for two typical hours is given. An example of the analysis of simulation results and preliminary conclusions regarding the consequences of Ukraine and Moldova electricity market coupling is shown. References 20, figures 3.
COMPUTER SIMULATION SYSTEM OF PRICE-FORMATION PROCESSES IN THE WHOLESALE ELECTRICITY MARKET , V.A. Evdokimov, Z.Kh. Borukaiev, , K.B. Ostapchenko, and Technical Electrodynamics, 2024 The large-scale introduction into traditional energy systems of generating facilities and equipment that use renewable energy sources as part of the implementation of the energy decarbonization strategy leads to a change in the structure of electricity production and consumption, a rapid increase in the number of participants in trade and economic relations on the electricity market. This determines the need for conducting research in the direction of creating easy-to-use, functional object-oriented computer systems for modeling competitive market processes in terms of pricing management in order to increase the productivity and effectiveness of decisions made by market participants. The article formulates the principles, functionality and requirements for building such a class of computer modeling systems. Based on their application, the approximate composition of the functional modules of the computer system for modeling pricing processes with a single unified environment of information resources and computer models is determined. A deterministic algorithmic model is presented for the analysis of the dynamics of the volume distribution of electricity purchase and sale (demand) in the wholesale market segments as part of the computer models environment of the computer simulation system of price formation processes. The results of model calculations are presented for assessing the dynamics of demand in market segments, which are obtained using information resources and data presentation and visualization modules of the constructed computer simulation system. References 22, figures 2, table 1.
INNOVATION IN THE ENERGY SECTOR: THE TRANSITION TO RENEWABLE SOURCES AS A STRATEGIC STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Y. Lukashevych, V. Evdokimov, A. Polukhin, I. Maksymova, D. Tsvilii African Journal of Applied Research, 2024 Purpose: The purpose of the research is a comprehensive analysis of innovative technologies in renewable energy sources and their strategic importance for sustainable development.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employs a qualitative research design to explore the strategic transition to renewable energy sources to achieve sustainable development. A qualitative approach is chosen to provide in-depth insights into stakeholders' experiences, perceptions, and motivations in this transition. Relevant documents such as policy reports, strategic plans, and case studies were reviewed to provide contextual background and support the findings. The analysis considers the top 10 countries with the highest Energy Transition Index (ETI) scores for 2023. Data from documents were triangulated to enhance the credibility and reliability of the findings.Findings: The results indicate the need for a paradigm shift in the energy sector by reducing dependence on imported fuels and reorienting to renewable sources.Research Limitation/Implications: Realizing Europe’s potential faces several barriers, including the need for significant investment, developing an enabling regulatory environment and overcoming technological challenges.Practical Implication: The dynamism of the energy sector is having a significant impact on the transition of developed nations to renewable energy sources, as they play a pivotal role in shaping the sustainable future of global energy.Social Implication: Innovations in renewable energy have the potential to radically transform the energy landscape, offering solutions to today’s pressing environmental and economic challenges.Originality/ Value: The novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis of the energy sector and emphasising the strategic importance of renewable energy sources for sustainable development. The study highlights innovative achievements in the field of renewable energy and important challenges faced by the energy transformation process.
Conceptual principles of forecasting demand on the day-ahead market using changes in hourly bidded demand between previous similar days A V Polukhin, V A Evdokimov Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2023 On the basis of the Law on the Electricity Market adopted in 2017, the retail electricity market in Ukraine opened on January 1, 2019, and later, on July 1, 2019, the wholesale electricity market was launched. The day-ahead market (DAM) is one of the key segments of the Ukrainian electricity market. In order to implement trading strategy and successfully conduct business, to maximize the economic results in the specified market segment, it is important to understand the market situation and the structure of demand and supply. One of the indicators that must be taken into account when planning sales in the course of one’s activity is the demand for electrical energy. Currently, there are no universal algorithms in Ukraine suitable for short-term (per day) forecasting of the amount of electrical energy that will be traded on DAM. Therefore, to solve such a problem, a specialized forecasting algorithm is proposed. The basis of the developed algorithm is the possibility of considering the formulated problem in a parametric form, where, as indicators, the forecast and real data of the hourly demand on the DAM are used. At the same time, in order to find the forecast hourly demand on the market “a day ahead” – the values of the unknown indicators of the problem – an iterative method of their search is used based on statistical data of the amount of electricity purchases on the DAM, using the principle of multi-iteration analysis of changes in demand for previous similar days. The proposed algorithm is implemented in the MS Excel package, which indicates its versatility and ease of use. The high speed of obtaining a solution to the formulated problem is shown.
COMPUTATIONAL METHOD OF NODAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE PRICING PROCESS IN THE ELECTRICITY MARKET , Z.Kh. Borukaiev, V.A. Evdokimov, , K.B. Ostapchenko, and Technical Electrodynamics, 2022 The main attention in the article is given to the development of the method of nodal transformation of the pricing process in the electricity market. The sequence of implementation of the main constructive stages of its development and further use is given, such as: descriptions of the pricing process; formalization of the pricing process; development of computational procedures for building a simulation model of the pricing process. A distinctive feature of this method from the known and described in the scientific literature is the direct connection of the dynamic energy flow at all stages of the technological process of production, transmission and distribution of electricity with the economic flow. The computational procedures of the method are implemented using the discrete-event approach. The method is designed to build a simulation model of the pricing process in the electricity market, which along with a system of short-term price forecasting models in different market segments, becomes the key in the information and methodological support of multi-agent environment for the market agents interaction. References 13, figures 2.
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