Giulia Freire Sampaio

Integration of Molecular and Immunophenotypic Approaches for Monitoring Minimal Residual Disease in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the State of Ceará

Acute myeloid leukemia is characterized by high cytogenetic and molecular heterogeneity that impairs granulocytic maturation and differentiation. It is the most common type in adults, with a median age at diagnosis of 60 years; however, the high relapse rate, adverse prognosis, and lower disease-free survival and overall survival are directly associated with aging. Currently, at diagnosis, patients can be classified into risk groups according to their genetic and molecular alterations, allowing for better therapeutic guidance and more accurate prognosis. Although chemotherapy cycles are effective in most cases and patients achieve clinical remission, residual leukemic cells often persist in the bone marrow, representing minimal residual disease (MRD), which is difficult to detect, especially by morphological methods. Chromosomal alterations present at diagnosis are restricted to the original tumor clones, which disappear after chemotherapy and may reemerge at relapse, possibly as new