Physics and Astronomy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
39
Scopus Publications
346
Scholar Citations
10
Scholar h-index
10
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
The best fixation target revisited: New insights from retinal eye tracking Diederick C. Niehorster, Szymon Tamborski, Marcus Nyström, Robert Konklewski, Valentyna Pryhodiuk, et al. Behavior Research Methods, 2026 In many tasks, participants are instructed to fixate a target. While maintaining fixation, the eyes nonetheless make small fixational eye movements, such as microsaccades and drift. Previous work has examined the effect of fixation point design on fixation stability and the amount and spatial extent of fixational eye movements. However, much of this work used video-based eye trackers, which have insufficient resolution and suffer from artefacts that make them unsuitable for this topic of study. Here, we therefore use a retinal eye tracker, which offers superior resolution and does not suffer from the same artifacts to reexamine what fixation point design minimizes fixational eye movements. Participants were shown five fixation targets in two target polarity conditions, while the overall spatial spread of their gaze position during fixation, as well as their microsaccades and fixational drift, were examined. We found that gaze was more stable for white-on-black than black-on-grey fixation targets. Gaze was also more stable (lower spatial spread, microsaccade, and drift displacement) for fixation targets with a small central feature but these targets also yielded higher microsaccade rates than larger fixation targets without such a small central feature. In conclusion, there is not a single best fixation target that minimizes all aspects of fixational eye movements. Instead, if one wishes to optimize for minimal spatial spread of the gaze position, microsaccade or drift displacements, we recommend using a target with a small central feature. If one instead wishes to optimize for the lowest microsaccade rate, we recommend using a larger target without a small central feature.
Do eye trackers estimate eyeball rotation? The relationship between tracked eye image feature and estimated saccadic waveform Marcus Nyström, Diederick C. Niehorster, Roy S. Hessels, Richard Andersson, Marta K. Skrok, et al. Behavior Research Methods, 2025 The eyeball is not rigid and deforms during saccades. As a consequence, the saccade waveform recorded by an eye tracker may depend on which structure of the eye is used to estimate eyeball rotation. Here, we systematically describe and compare signals co-recorded from the retina, the cornea (corneal reflection, CR), the pupil, and the lens (fourth Purkinje reflection, P4) during saccades. We found that several commonly used parameters for saccade characterization differ systematically across the signals. For instance, saccades in the retinal signal had earlier onsets compared to saccades in the pupil and the P4 signals. The retinal signal had the smallest saccade amplitude and reached the peak saccade velocity earlier compared to the other signals. At the end of saccades, the retinal signal came to a stop faster than the other signals. We discuss possible explanations that may account for the relationship between the retinal signal and the other signals.
Wide-field quantitative micro-elastography of freshly excised human prostate Szymon Tamborski, Marta K. Skrok, Matt S. Hepburn, Mateusz Maniewski, Marek Zdrenka, et al. Biomedical Optics Express, 2025 Prostate cancer is a significant global health issue. To advance diagnostic and treatment procedures, such as image-guided needle biopsy, optical imaging methods offering high spatial resolution have been proposed. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for detailed visualization of prostate microarchitecture in three dimensions; however, it does not reliably differentiate tumors from surrounding healthy tissue. In this study, we use wide-field quantitative micro-elastography (QME) to image the micro-scale mechanical properties of freshly excised human prostate to provide additional contrast of tumor, which is known to exhibit increased stiffness. In our approach, we generate volumetric OCT, strain, and elasticity images over a field-of-view (x × y × z) of 46 × 46 × 1 mm3. We validate the contrast obtained in our images through co-registration with standard histology images.
Optical Coherence Tomography and Elastography of Fresh Human Prostate Marta K. Skrok, Szymon Tamborski, Matt S. Hepburn, Mateusz Maniewski, Łukasz Szylberg, et al. European Conference on Biomedical Optics Ecbo 2025, 2025 Developing more accurate prostate cancer diagnostic methods and procedures for nerve-sparing surgery is a continuing challenge. Here, we evaluate the potential of optical coherence tomography and elastography to visualize prostate microarchitecture toward improving intraoperative decision-making.
Optical Coherence Elastography of Excised Human Prostate Szymon Tamborski, Marta K. Skrok, Matt S. Hepburn, Jiayue Li, Mateusz Maniewski, et al. European Conference on Biomedical Optics Ecbo 2025, 2025 We applied compression optical coherence elastography to obtain elastograms of entire cross-sections of a fresh human prostate. Images of stress, strain, and Euler angle of principal compression reveal important details of the tissue micro-architecture and allow for tumor differentiation.
Why does glaucoma affect eye movements? Aleksandra Gorczyca, Przemysław Zabel, Karolina Suwała, Martyna Gębska-Tołoczko, Katarzyna Zabel, et al. Klinika Oczna, 2025
Wavelength to pixel calibration for FdOCT Maciej Szkulmowski, Szymon Tamborski, Maciej Wojtkowski Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE, 2015
Simultaneous analysis of flow velocity and spectroscopic properties of scattering media with the use of joint spectral and time domain OCT Photonics Letters of Poland, 2009
The best fixation target revisited: New insights from retinal eye tracking DC Niehorster, S Tamborski, M Nyström, R Konklewski, V Pryhodiuk, ... Behavior Research Methods 58 (1), 2 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Do eye trackers estimate eyeball rotation? The relationship between tracked eye image feature and estimated saccadic waveform M Nyström, DC Niehorster, RS Hessels, R Andersson, MK Skrok, ... Behavior Research Methods 57 (12), 329 , 2025 2025
Optical Coherence Microscopy for Oocyte Imaging A Ajduk, S Tamborski, M Szkulmowski Mammalian Oocyte Development: Methods and Protocols, 87-102 , 2025 2025
Wide-field quantitative micro-elastography of freshly excised human prostate S Tamborski, MK Skrok, MS Hepburn, M Maniewski, M Zdrenka, ... Biomedical Optics Express 16 (8), 3027-3046 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
A combined retinal, DPI and P-CR eye tracker for high-accuracy and high-precision registration of fixations, saccades, and smooth pursuit M Szkulmowski, MK Skrok, R Konklewski, P Stremplewski, M Nowakowski, ... Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 66 (8), 5353-5353 , 2025 2025
Optical coherence elastography of excised human prostate S Tamborski, MK Skrok, MS Hepburn, J Li, M Maniewski, M Zdrenka, ... European Conference on Biomedical Optics, S1C. 3 , 2025 2025
Three-dimensional imaging of mechanical contrast in human breast using dynamic optical coherence tomography MS Hepburn, S Morawiec, J Bellesini, KY Foo, MK Skrok, S Tamborski, ... European Conference on Biomedical Optics, W2D. 1 , 2025 2025
Optical coherence tomography and elastography of fresh human prostate MK Skrok, S Tamborski, MS Hepburn, M Maniewski, Ł Szylberg, ... European Conference on Biomedical Optics, M1C. 6 , 2025 2025
Method and apparatus for determination of a trajectory and imaging device M Szkulmowski, K DALASINSKI, M Meina, M Nowakowski, K WROBEL, ... US Patent 12,270,983 , 2025 2025
Why does glaucoma affect eye movements? A Gorczyca, P Zabel, K Suwała, M Gębska-Tołoczko, K Zabel, ... Acta Ophthalmologica Polonica/Klinika Oczna 127 (2) , 2025 2025
Compression optical coherence elastography of human prostate S Tamborski, MK Skrok, MS Hepburn, M Maniewski, M Zdrenka, ... Optical Elastography and Tissue Biomechanics XII, PC133210B , 2025 2025
Eye tracker calibration: How well can humans refixate a target? ITC Hooge, RS Hessels, DC Niehorster, R Andersson, MK Skrok, ... Behavior Research Methods 57 (1), 23 , 2024 2024 Citations: 14
Imaging of prostate micro-architecture using three-dimensional wide-field optical coherence tomography MK Skrok, S Tamborski, MS Hepburn, Q Fang, M Maniewski, M Zdrenka, ... Biomedical Optics Express 15 (12), 6816-6833 , 2024 2024 Citations: 7
Wave optical simulation of optical imaging using experimentally acquired sample refractive index maps E Lu, P Ossowski, S Tamborski, BF Kennedy, D Tracey-White, CJ Chu, ... 2024 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC), 1-2 , 2024 2024
The number of nuclei in compacted embryos, assessed by optical coherence microscopy, is a non-invasive and robust marker of mouse embryo quality A Sobkowiak, M Fluks, E Kosyl, R Milewski, M Szpila, S Tamborski, ... Molecular Human Reproduction 30 (4), gaae012 , 2024 2024 Citations: 6
Spindle shape and volume differ in high-and low-quality metaphase II oocytes M Fluks, R Milewski, S Tamborski, M Szkulmowski, A Ajduk Reproduction 167 (4) , 2024 2024 Citations: 11
Analysis of fixation patterns among glaucoma patients using a superfast eye tracking system A Gorczyca, S Tamborski, M Meina, P Zabel, M Gębska‐Tołoczko, ... Acta Ophthalmologica 102 , 2024 2024
Poster Session I: LissEYEjous Tracker-precise fundus tracking device based on ultrafast Lissajous scanning MM Bartuzel, E Pijewska, K Dalasinski, S Tamborski, RS Jonnal, ... Journal of Vision 23 (15), 40-40 , 2023 2023
P-233 Novel, non-invasive imaging techniques in quality assessment of mammalian eggs M Fluks, A Rak, K Czajkowska, K Borecka, S Tamborski, M Szkulmowski, ... Human Reproduction 38 (Supplement_1), dead093. 591 , 2023 2023 Citations: 1
LissEYEjous-retinal eye tracking based on fast Lissajous scanning design with two mems microscanners MM Bartuzel, K Dalasinski, K Wrobel, S Tamborski, M Meina, ... Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 64 (8), 5030-5030 , 2023 2023 Citations: 1
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Optical coherence microscopy as a novel, non-invasive method for the 4D live imaging of early mammalian embryos K Karnowski, A Ajduk, B Wieloch, S Tamborski, K Krawiec, M Wojtkowski, ... Scientific reports 7 (1), 4165 , 2017 2017 Citations: 80
Spectrometer calibration for spectroscopic Fourier domain optical coherence tomography M Szkulmowski, S Tamborski, M Wojtkowski Biomedical optics express 7 (12), 5042-5054 , 2016 2016 Citations: 44
Extended-focus optical coherence microscopy for high-resolution imaging of the murine brain S Tamborski, HC Lyu, H Dolezyczek, M Malinowska, G Wilczynski, ... Biomedical optics express 7 (11), 4400-4414 , 2016 2016 Citations: 40
Assessment of the flow velocity of blood cells in a microfluidic device using joint spectral and time domain optical coherence tomography DM Bukowska, L Derzsi, S Tamborski, M Szkulmowski, P Garstecki, ... Optics express 21 (20), 24025-24038 , 2013 2013 Citations: 34
High-resolution, ultrafast, wide-field retinal eye-tracking for enhanced quantification of fixational and saccadic motion MM Bartuzel, K Wróbel, S Tamborski, M Meina, M Nowakowski, ... Biomedical Optics Express 11 (6), 3164-3180 , 2020 2020 Citations: 25
Eye tracker calibration: How well can humans refixate a target? ITC Hooge, RS Hessels, DC Niehorster, R Andersson, MK Skrok, ... Behavior Research Methods 57 (1), 23 , 2024 2024 Citations: 14
Optical coherence microscopy allows for quality assessment of immature mouse oocytes M Fluks, S Tamborski, M Szkulmowski, A Ajduk Reproduction 164 (3), 83-95 , 2022 2022 Citations: 13
In vivo brain imaging with multimodal optical coherence microscopy in a mouse model of thromboembolic photochemical stroke H Dolezyczek, S Tamborski, P Majka, D Sampson, M Wojtkowski, ... Neurophotonics 7 (1), 015002-015002 , 2020 2020 Citations: 12
Spindle shape and volume differ in high-and low-quality metaphase II oocytes M Fluks, R Milewski, S Tamborski, M Szkulmowski, A Ajduk Reproduction 167 (4) , 2024 2024 Citations: 11
Blood flow rate estimation in optic disc capillaries and vessels using Doppler optical coherence tomography with 3D fast phase unwrapping E Pijewska, M Sylwestrzak, I Gorczynska, S Tamborski, MA Pawlak, ... Biomedical Optics Express 11 (3), 1336-1353 , 2020 2020 Citations: 11
A method for thiarubrine canals extraction in optical coherence tomography images of Schkuhria pinnata roots J Sekulska-Nalewajko, J Gocławski, M Wielanek, E Gajewska, ... Image Processing and Communication 19 (2), 151-160 , 2014 2014 Citations: 8
Imaging of prostate micro-architecture using three-dimensional wide-field optical coherence tomography MK Skrok, S Tamborski, MS Hepburn, Q Fang, M Maniewski, M Zdrenka, ... Biomedical Optics Express 15 (12), 6816-6833 , 2024 2024 Citations: 7
The number of nuclei in compacted embryos, assessed by optical coherence microscopy, is a non-invasive and robust marker of mouse embryo quality A Sobkowiak, M Fluks, E Kosyl, R Milewski, M Szpila, S Tamborski, ... Molecular Human Reproduction 30 (4), gaae012 , 2024 2024 Citations: 6
Near-infrared, wavelength, and illumination scanning holographic tomography P Ossowski, A Kuś, W Krauze, S Tamborski, M Ziemczonok, Ł Kuźbicki, ... Biomedical Optics Express 13 (11), 5971-5988 , 2022 2022 Citations: 6
Wavelength to pixel calibration for FdOCT M Szkulmowski, S Tamborski, M Wojtkowski Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in … , 2015 2015 Citations: 5
True velocity mapping using joint spectral and time domain optical coherence tomography I Grulkowski, M Szkulmowski, D Bukowska, S Tamborski, I Gorczynska, ... Ophthalmic Technologies XX 7550, 73-79 , 2010 2010 Citations: 4
Wide-field quantitative micro-elastography of freshly excised human prostate S Tamborski, MK Skrok, MS Hepburn, M Maniewski, M Zdrenka, ... Biomedical Optics Express 16 (8), 3027-3046 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Accurate calibration of beam trajectories in scanning optical imaging systems M Meina, P Stremplewski, C López-Mariscal, S Tamborski, MM Bartuzel, ... Optics Letters 46 (21), 5377-5380 , 2021 2021 Citations: 3
Spectral and time domain optical coherence spectroscopy S Tamborski, K Wróbel, MM Bartuzel, M Szkulmowski Optics and Lasers in Engineering 133, 106120 , 2020 2020 Citations: 3
Ultrafast retinal tracker for quantification of fixational and saccadic motion of the human eye M Szkulmowski, M Meina, M Bartuzel, K Wrobel, S Tamborski, ... Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 61 (7), 1849-1849 , 2020 2020 Citations: 3