Computer Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science Applications, Energy
1
Scopus Publications
5
Scholar Citations
1
Scholar h-index
Scopus Publications
A Comprehensive Survey on the Evolution of Proof of Work Consensus for EHR Smart Contracts: From Classical to AI Driven Approaches S. Parameswaran, P. Velmurugadass 2025 IEEE International Conference on Electronics Computing and Communication Technologies Conecct 2025, 2025 This study examines the adaptation of Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanisms for Electronic Health Record (EHR) smart contracts. While alternative consensus approaches have emerged, PoW remains valuable for healthcare applications due to its security profile, despite traditional energy efficiency limitations. We chronicle PoW’s evolution from Bitcoin’s implementation through various optimizations to recent AI-enhanced variants designed specifically for healthcare.Our research establishes three critical requirements for EHR imple-mentation-energy efficiency, computational security, and privacy preservation-against which we evaluate existing PoW variants. We propose four-generation taxonomy: traditional, energy-efficient, EHR-compatible, and AI-enhanced mechanisms. We highlight specialized mechanisms including Proof of Medical Work, Privacy-Preserving PoW, Neural PoW, and Differential Privacy PoW, which effectively balance security with sustainability. Notably, AI-enhanced variants achieve $\mathbf{3 0 - 6 0 \%}$ energy reductions compared to traditional implementations while maintaining or improving security guarantees. The integration of differential privacy and federated learning with PoW creates particularly promising solutions for healthcare, addressing regulatory requirements while enabling secure, privacypreserving data sharing. This research provides a framework for evaluating consensus mechanism suitability for healthcare applications and identifies promising directions for future EHR blockchain implementations.
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
HEDGE: A sustainable framework for energy efficient optimized proof of work in block chain systems S Parameswaran, P Velmurugadass Recent Advances in Computational Methods in Science and Technology, 292-299 , 2026 2026.0
A Comprehensive Survey on the Evolution of Proof of Work Consensus for EHR Smart Contracts: From Classical to AI Driven Approaches S Parameswaran, P Velmurugadass 2025 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Computing and … , 2025 2025.0
Distributed sensor data computing in smart city Application S PARAMESWARAN National Conference on Recent Trends in Information, Communication and … , 2018 2018.0
Analysis and Implementing the NTRU and Braid Group Cryprosystem S PARAMESWARAN International Conference on Applied Science, Engineering and Technology , 2018 2018.0
Attainment of Student's Performance Prediction S PARAMESWARAN National Conference on "Networks, Intelligence and Computing Systems , 2017 2017.0
TRUST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR GRID AND CLOUD SERVICES S PARAMESWARAN National Conference on " Information Security and Privacy" , 2016 2016.0
I3 Map Reduce for mining Big data through Density based Clustering S PARAMESWARAN International Conference on Recent Computing and Communication Technologies , 2016 2016.0
Preserving and Securing of files in Cloud Storage S PARAMESWARAN National Conference on " Computational Sciences and Applications" , 2015 2015.0
Automation of Public Distribution System S PARAMESWARAN National Conference on " Computational Sciences and Applications" , 2015 2015.0
I3 MAP REDUCE FOR MINING BIG DATA S PARAMESWARAN IJRE 2 (4) , 2015 2015.0
Location-based services using autonomous GPS R Jegadeeswari, S Parameswaran International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering … , 2014 2014.0 Citations: 4
Location-Based Services using Autonomous GPS S PARAMESWARAN International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Technology , 2014 2014.0
Enabling Secure Dynamic and Batch Auditing in Cloud Computing S PARAMESWARAN National Conference on Emerging Communication Trends , 2014 2014.0
Sheltered Data Storage Services in Cloud Computing S PARAMESWARAN National Conference on Advanced Computing Systems , 2013 2013.0
Cloud Security Enhancement using Virtual Data Center OS S PARAMESWARAN National Conference on Computer Communication and Security , 2012 2012.0
An Efficient Agreement Protocol using Fallible Free Agreement Protocol in Cloud Computing S PARAMESWARAN Advances in Computer Engineering and Information Technology , 2011 2011.0
Using UBE to Share the Private Medical Record in Cloud Server R Navaneethakrishnan, S Parameswaran
Smart Travel Alarm in android application SP Sasirekha, R ijarbest. com , 0 Citations: 1
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Location-based services using autonomous GPS R Jegadeeswari, S Parameswaran International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering … , 2014 2014.0 Citations: 4
Smart Travel Alarm in android application SP Sasirekha, R ijarbest. com , 0 Citations: 1
HEDGE: A sustainable framework for energy efficient optimized proof of work in block chain systems S Parameswaran, P Velmurugadass Recent Advances in Computational Methods in Science and Technology, 292-299 , 2026 2026.0
A Comprehensive Survey on the Evolution of Proof of Work Consensus for EHR Smart Contracts: From Classical to AI Driven Approaches S Parameswaran, P Velmurugadass 2025 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Computing and … , 2025 2025.0
Distributed sensor data computing in smart city Application S PARAMESWARAN National Conference on Recent Trends in Information, Communication and … , 2018 2018.0
Analysis and Implementing the NTRU and Braid Group Cryprosystem S PARAMESWARAN International Conference on Applied Science, Engineering and Technology , 2018 2018.0
Attainment of Student's Performance Prediction S PARAMESWARAN National Conference on "Networks, Intelligence and Computing Systems , 2017 2017.0
TRUST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR GRID AND CLOUD SERVICES S PARAMESWARAN National Conference on " Information Security and Privacy" , 2016 2016.0
I3 Map Reduce for mining Big data through Density based Clustering S PARAMESWARAN International Conference on Recent Computing and Communication Technologies , 2016 2016.0
Preserving and Securing of files in Cloud Storage S PARAMESWARAN National Conference on " Computational Sciences and Applications" , 2015 2015.0
Automation of Public Distribution System S PARAMESWARAN National Conference on " Computational Sciences and Applications" , 2015 2015.0
I3 MAP REDUCE FOR MINING BIG DATA S PARAMESWARAN IJRE 2 (4) , 2015 2015.0
Location-Based Services using Autonomous GPS S PARAMESWARAN International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Technology , 2014 2014.0
Enabling Secure Dynamic and Batch Auditing in Cloud Computing S PARAMESWARAN National Conference on Emerging Communication Trends , 2014 2014.0
Sheltered Data Storage Services in Cloud Computing S PARAMESWARAN National Conference on Advanced Computing Systems , 2013 2013.0
Cloud Security Enhancement using Virtual Data Center OS S PARAMESWARAN National Conference on Computer Communication and Security , 2012 2012.0
An Efficient Agreement Protocol using Fallible Free Agreement Protocol in Cloud Computing S PARAMESWARAN Advances in Computer Engineering and Information Technology , 2011 2011.0
Using UBE to Share the Private Medical Record in Cloud Server R Navaneethakrishnan, S Parameswaran