How wars impact public administration and street-level bureaucracy: teachers and education professionals on the frontlines of the Russian occupation in Ukraine Vicente Ferraro, Gabriela Lotta, Mykhailo Honchar Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 2026 The actions of street-level bureaucrats (SLBs)—such as teachers, healthcare workers, and police officers—during crises and emergencies have received growing attention in public administration scholarship. Yet, a critical and underexplored dimension remains: the role of SLBs in context of war and armed conflict, where threats to personal safety, political coercion, and institutional collapse converge. This article investigates how war—and military occupation in particular—reshapes the everyday work, moral dilemmas, and response strategies of SLBs operating under extreme conditions. We focus on the war in Ukraine—the most intense armed conflict on European soil since World War II. Within this context, we examine education professionals, as schools and universities have become strategic targets of Russian occupation forces: cultural frontlines central to the legitimization of territorial control and forced assimilation. Complex dilemmas emerge: should SLBs continue providing services to the population—thus risking complicity with the occupiers and being branded as “traitors”—or should they refrain from any contact with them, at the risk of facing violent punishment? Our analysis draws on qualitative data collected through fieldwork in six Ukrainian regions; semi-structured and in-depth interviews (both online and face-to-face) with education professionals who experienced the Russian occupation; and qualitative document analysis of media coverage and human rights reports. Following an abductive research design, we identify four structural features that distinguish war from other crises: forced interaction with enemy state actors, institutional weaponization, loyalty dilemmas, and bureaucratic rupture under contested sovereignties. Building on these findings, we propose a fourfold typology of SLB response strategies—exit, accommodation, local defiance, and remote adaptation—each grounded in distinct moral decisions. By bringing SLBs into the analysis of wartime governance, this article contributes to an emerging research agenda on frontline bureaucracy under conditions of armed conflict—contexts that, alarmingly, are no longer exceptional.
Why Russia invaded Ukraine and how wars benefit autocrats: The domestic sources of the Russo-Ukrainian War Vicente Ferraro International Political Science Review, 2024 Contrary to Vladimir Putin’s geopolitical arguments, there was little chance that a full-scale invasion of Ukraine would benefit Russia’s position in the European balance of power and enhance its overall security. Instead, I argue that Putin’s decision was based on domestic interests, mainly the regime’s legitimation, a major pillar of authoritarian stability. Using a multi-method research design, I demonstrate that the war has significant potential to boost Putin’s popularity, nationalism and authoritarian preferences in society, as well as to strengthen his image as the country’s heroic protector. As in several autocracies, the instrumentalization of security concerns and existential threats are a powerful source of regime cohesion. These arguments are corroborated by data from Russia’s current and previous conflicts, such as elites’ discourse, analysis of repressive policies, and public opinion polls on Putin’s rule and authoritarian preferences. The regime needs a hostile ‘West’ and a threatening Ukraine for self-legitimation.
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
How wars impact public administration and street-level bureaucracy: teachers and education professionals on the frontlines of the Russian occupation in Ukraine V Ferraro, G Lotta, M Honchar Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 36 (1), 1-18 , 2026 2026 Citations: 4
Teachers under Russian Occupation: Education as a Front Line and Tool of Cultural Genocide V Ferraro https://www.zois-berlin.de/en/publications/zois-spotlight/teachers-under … , 2025 2025
Jornalismo na frente russa E Ostrensky, V Ferraro, FDC Lampert 2024
Why Russia invaded Ukraine and how wars benefit autocrats: The domestic sources of the Russo-Ukrainian War V Ferraro International Political Science Review 45 (2), 170-191 , 2024 2024 Citations: 34
The contradictions in Vladimir Putin's" just war" against ukraine: the myths of NATO’s containment, minority protection and denazification V Ferraro SciELO Preprints , 2023 2023 Citations: 15
As contradições nos argumentos de Putin para invadir a Ucrânia: os mitos da OTAN, da proteção de minorias e da desnazificação V Ferraro Ensaios sobre a guerra Rússia-Ucrânia 1 , 2022 2022 Citations: 4
¿ Qué hay detrás de la crisis entre Rusia, Ucrania y la OTAN? V Ferraro Ámbito Financiero , 2022 2022
The War in Ukraine: An analysis of the conflict and its impacts on Russian and Ukrainian societies: uma análise do conflito e seus impactos nas sociedades russa e ucraniana V Ferraro 2022
A guerra na Ucrânia: Uma análise do conflito e seus impactos nas sociedades russa e ucraniana VGF Junior Conjuntura Austral 13 (64), 25-50 , 2022 2022 Citations: 21
O dilema entre democracia e ordem em sociedades divididas: Conflitos separatistas, ameaça social e preferências autoritárias no Espaço Pós-Soviético VG Ferraro Jr Tese de doutorado. São Paulo: Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências … , 2022 2022 Citations: 5
Democratization in post-socialist states: An overview of the literature on political transition in Eastern Europe and the post-Soviet space VG Ferraro Jr Russia and Russians in different contexts 4, 115-134 , 2021 2021 Citations: 3
Desigualdades e Relações Socioeconômicas nas Cidades-Gêmeas da Fronteira Brasil-Bolívia/Inequalities and Socio-Economic Relations in the Twin Cities of the Brazilian-Bolivian … VG Ferraro Jr Espaço Aberto 10 (1), 117-135 , 2020 2020 Citations: 12
Karl Marx and Russia: Pre-Socialist, Socialist and Post-Socialist Experiences and Visions A Segrillo, C Domingues, C Albuquerque, VG Ferraro Jr São Paulo: FFLCH/USP , 2019 2019 Citations: 2
Desenvolvimento e integração das fronteiras brasileiras: análise comparada dos Arcos Norte, Central e Sul VG Ferraro Jr LUDWIG, FJ; BARROS, LS (Orgs.), 177-210 , 2019 2019 Citations: 6
An Overview of the Russian Post-Soviet Political System from Yeltsin to Putin VG Ferraro Jr Karl Marx and Russia: pre-socialist, socialist and post-socialist … , 2019 2019 Citations: 2
A integração nas cidades-gêmeas da fronteira Brasil-Bolívia: elementos de cooperação e conflito VG Ferraro Jr Tempo da ciência 25 (50) , 2018 2018 Citations: 8
Эволюция политических систем Бразилии и России (1990-е – 2015 гг.): Отношения между ветвямм и уровнями власти В Ферраро Высшая Школа Экономики , 2015 2015
Особенности социальной и политической коммуникации в приграничных районах Латинской Америки на примере Бразилии, Боливии и Парагвая ФД Гиакаглини Конфликтология/nota bene, 55-58 , 2014 2014 Citations: 1
Перспективы развития БРИКС после саммита в Форталезе: политико-экономическое положение стран-участниц ГФД Висенте Государственное управление. Электронный вестник, 226-258 , 2014 2014 Citations: 7
A integração na fronteira seca: Ponta Porã (Brasil) e Pedro Juan Caballero (Paraguai) VG Ferraro Jr, MMS Buitoni Reunião da SBPC 63 , 2011 2011 Citations: 3
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Why Russia invaded Ukraine and how wars benefit autocrats: The domestic sources of the Russo-Ukrainian War V Ferraro International Political Science Review 45 (2), 170-191 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 34
A guerra na Ucrânia: Uma análise do conflito e seus impactos nas sociedades russa e ucraniana VGF Junior Conjuntura Austral 13 (64), 25-50 , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 21
The contradictions in Vladimir Putin's" just war" against ukraine: the myths of NATO’s containment, minority protection and denazification V Ferraro SciELO Preprints , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 15
Desigualdades e Relações Socioeconômicas nas Cidades-Gêmeas da Fronteira Brasil-Bolívia/Inequalities and Socio-Economic Relations in the Twin Cities of the Brazilian-Bolivian … VG Ferraro Jr Espaço Aberto 10 (1), 117-135 , 2020 2020.0 Citations: 12
A integração na fronteira seca: Ponta Porã (Brasil) e Pedro Juan Caballero (Paraguai) VGF JÚNIOR, MMS BUITONI Artigo Científico , 2010 2010.0 Citations: 10
A integração nas cidades-gêmeas da fronteira Brasil-Bolívia: elementos de cooperação e conflito VG Ferraro Jr Tempo da ciência 25 (50) , 2018 2018.0 Citations: 8
Перспективы развития БРИКС после саммита в Форталезе: политико-экономическое положение стран-участниц ГФД Висенте Государственное управление. Электронный вестник, 226-258 , 2014 2014.0 Citations: 7
Desenvolvimento e integração das fronteiras brasileiras: análise comparada dos Arcos Norte, Central e Sul VG Ferraro Jr LUDWIG, FJ; BARROS, LS (Orgs.), 177-210 , 2019 2019.0 Citations: 6
O dilema entre democracia e ordem em sociedades divididas: Conflitos separatistas, ameaça social e preferências autoritárias no Espaço Pós-Soviético VG Ferraro Jr Tese de doutorado. São Paulo: Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências … , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 5
How wars impact public administration and street-level bureaucracy: teachers and education professionals on the frontlines of the Russian occupation in Ukraine V Ferraro, G Lotta, M Honchar Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 36 (1), 1-18 , 2026 2026.0 Citations: 4
As contradições nos argumentos de Putin para invadir a Ucrânia: os mitos da OTAN, da proteção de minorias e da desnazificação V Ferraro Ensaios sobre a guerra Rússia-Ucrânia 1 , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 4
Democratization in post-socialist states: An overview of the literature on political transition in Eastern Europe and the post-Soviet space VG Ferraro Jr Russia and Russians in different contexts 4, 115-134 , 2021 2021.0 Citations: 3
A integração na fronteira seca: Ponta Porã (Brasil) e Pedro Juan Caballero (Paraguai) VG Ferraro Jr, MMS Buitoni Reunião da SBPC 63 , 2011 2011.0 Citations: 3
Karl Marx and Russia: Pre-Socialist, Socialist and Post-Socialist Experiences and Visions A Segrillo, C Domingues, C Albuquerque, VG Ferraro Jr São Paulo: FFLCH/USP , 2019 2019.0 Citations: 2
An Overview of the Russian Post-Soviet Political System from Yeltsin to Putin VG Ferraro Jr Karl Marx and Russia: pre-socialist, socialist and post-socialist … , 2019 2019.0 Citations: 2
O que está por trás da crise entre a Rússia, Ucrânia e Otan V FERRARO Poder 360 (05.03) , 0 Citations: 2
A integração na fronteira seca: Ponta Porã (Brasil) e Pedro Juan Caballero (Paraguai). SEMANA DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA DA PUC-SP, 19, 2010. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de … VG FERRARO JÚNIOR, MMS BUITONI Artigos premiados da 19ª, 1-10 , 0 Citations: 2
Особенности социальной и политической коммуникации в приграничных районах Латинской Америки на примере Бразилии, Боливии и Парагвая ФД Гиакаглини Конфликтология/nota bene, 55-58 , 2014 2014.0 Citations: 1
Teachers under Russian Occupation: Education as a Front Line and Tool of Cultural Genocide V Ferraro https://www.zois-berlin.de/en/publications/zois-spotlight/teachers-under … , 2025 2025.0
Jornalismo na frente russa E Ostrensky, V Ferraro, FDC Lampert 2024.0