Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Developmental Biology
1
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Long-term outcomes and complications of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: Findings from the Vellore CVT registry Sanjith Aaron, Angel Miraclin T, Mubasheera Sulthana, Mahasampath Gowri, Premkumar Asokan, Deepti Bal, George Abraham Ninan, Selvakumar Selvaganesan, Anitha Jasper, Harshad Arvind Vanjare, Pavithra Mannam, Santhosh Babu K.B, Nidugala Shyamkumar Keshava, Shalini Nair, Kundavaram Paul P Abhilash, Aditya V Nair, Arun Mathai Mani, Shaikh Atif Iqbal Ahmed, Rohit Ninan Benjamin, Vivek Mathew, Prabhakar AT, Ajith Sivadasan International Journal of Stroke, 2026 Background: Although short-term outcomes are generally favorable in Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT), there are limited data on long-term complications and sequelae. Methods: This ambispective study is from the Vellore CVT Registry, the largest single-center CVT registry in the world. Two thousand four hundred and eighty-four adults with CVT enrolled between 2000 and 2024 were analyzed for functional status and complications with follow-up up to 12 years. Results: Of 2484 patients, 2380 (95.8%) survived the acute phase, with a mean follow-up of 3.2 years (range, 0–12 years). During follow-up, 41 patients (1.7%) died, the majority being within 1 year. Excellent functional outcomes (mRS ⩽ 2) were achieved by 92% of patients within 2 years. Complications were observed in 799 (33.5%) at follow-up, of whom 405 (50.6%) required rehospitalization. More than half (55.1%) of these complications occurred more than 2 years after the initial diagnosis of CVT. Common complications were seizures (9.6%) and headaches (7.7%). Bleeding events occurred in 3.9% of cases, predominantly due to anticoagulant use. Recurrent CVT developed in 1.3%, and other thrombotic events in 2.4%. Occurrences of malignancies (1%) and secondary dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) (0.6%) were significant complications that occurred after 2 years. Of the 108 pregnancies that occurred during follow-up, thrombotic events occurred in 2.7% in the absence of antithrombotic prophylaxis. Conclusions: Most patients with CVT achieve long-term functional independence, yet one-third develop delayed complications. These findings underscore the importance of long-term surveillance in CVT survivors and give important insights into the natural history of CVT.