Neurotopographical Transformations: Dissecting Cortical Reconfigurations in Auditory Deprivation Uttam Kumar, Kalpana Dhanik, Himanshu R. Pandey, Mrutyunjaya Mishra, Amit Keshri Journal of Neuroscience, 2024 Within the intricate matrices of cognitive neuroscience, auditory deprivation acts as a catalyst, propelling a cascade of neuroanatomical adjustments that have, until now, been suboptimally articulated in extant literature. Addressing this gap, our study harnesses high-resolution 3 T MRI modalities to unveil the multifaceted cortical transformations that emerge in tandem with congenital auditory deficits. We conducted a rigorous cortical surface analysis on a cohort of 90 congenitally deaf individuals, systematically compared with 90 normoacoustic controls. Our sample encompassed both male and female participants, ensuring a gender-inclusive perspective in our analysis. Expected alterations within prototypical auditory domains were evident, but our findings transcended these regions, spotlighting modifications dispersed across a gamut of cortical and subcortical structures, thereby epitomizing the cerebral adaptive dynamics to sensory voids. Crucially, the study's innovative methodology integrated two pivotal variables: the duration of auditory deprivation and the extent of sign language immersion. By intersecting these metrics with structural changes, our analysis unveiled nuanced layers of cortical reconfigurations, elucidating a more granulated understanding of neural plasticity. This intersectional approach bestows a unique advantage, allowing for a discerning exploration into how varying durations of sensory experience and alternative communication modalities modulate the brain's morphological terrain. In encapsulating the synergy of neuroimaging finesse and incisive scientific rigor, this research not only broadens the current understanding of adaptive neural mechanisms but also paves the way for tailored therapeutic strategies, finely attuned to individual auditory histories and communicative repertoires.
Alteration of brain resting-state networks and functional connectivity in prelingual deafness Uttam Kumar, Amit Keshri, Mrutyunjaya Mishra Journal of Neuroimaging, 2021 Background and PurposeEarly hearing loss causes several changes in the brain structure and function at multiple levels; these changes can be observed through neuroimaging. These changes are directly associated with sensory loss (hearing) and the acquisition of alternative communication strategies. Such plasticity changes in the brain might establish a different connectivity pattern with resting‐state networks (RSNs) and other brain regions. We performed resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to evaluate these intrinsic modifications.MethodsWe used two methods to characterize the functional connectivity (FC) of RSN components in 20 prelingual deaf adults and 20 demographic‐matched hearing adults. rsfMRI data were analyzed using independent component analysis (ICA) and region‐of‐interest seed‐to‐voxel correlation analysis.ResultsIn ICA, we identified altered FC of RSNs in the deaf group. RSNs with altered FC were observed in higher visual, auditory, default mode, salience, and sensorimotor networks. The findings of seed‐to‐voxel correlation analysis suggested increased temporal coherence with other neural networks in the deaf group compared with the hearing control group.ConclusionThese findings suggest a highly diverse resting‐state connectivity pattern in prelingual deaf adults resulting from compensatory cross‐modal plasticity that includes both auditory and nonauditory regions.