Shayma A Al-Rubaye

Scopus Publications

Economic Analysis of AI-Driven Resource Efficiency in Sustainable Agriculture in Iraq
Shayma AL‐Rubaye
Agribusiness, 2026
Water scarcity, rising energy costs, and declining irrigation efficiency are significant barriers to wheat production in Iraq. This study evaluates the economic, environmental, and sustainability impacts of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into irrigation management under semiarid conditions. Field experiments conducted at the Al‐Ra'id Research Station in Baghdad during the 2025 season compared conventional diesel‐based irrigation with AI‐assisted irrigation that used soil moisture sensors, Internet of Things (IoT) controllers, and predictive weather algorithms. The analysis employed Cobb–Douglas production modeling, cost–benefit analysis, net present value (NPV), benefit–cost ratio (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR), and sustainability indices. Statistical validation using one‐way ANOVA confirmed that all observed improvements were highly significant, with treatment effects for wheat yield (F 1,18 = 1335.66, p < 0.001), water use (F 1,18 = 15228.16, p < 0.001), water‐use efficiency (WUE) (F 1,18 = 13065.49, p < 0.001), and energy consumption (F 1,18 = 24312.67, p < 0.001). The results demonstrate that AI‐assisted irrigation increased wheat yield by 35%, reduced water use by 36%, and decreased energy consumption by 30% ( p < 0.001). Economic evaluation indicated strong feasibility, with a NPV of USD 18,121, a BCR of 2.81, and an IRR of 30%, corresponding to a payback period of 3.65 years. WUE improved by 109%, and the Sustainability Efficiency Index (SEI) increased from 0.25 to 0.51. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that investment profitability remained robust under adverse scenarios, including increased capital costs and reduced wheat prices. These findings indicate that AI‐assisted irrigation substantially enhances productivity, economic returns, and sustainability outcomes. The adoption of AI technologies offers a scalable, resilient strategy for modernizing water management and promoting agricultural sustainability in Iraq.
The economic impacts of the post-harvest losses of tangerines and Seville oranges crops in Iraq (Baghdad Governorate: As a case study)
Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 2025
The Economic Impacts of Using Renewable Energy Technologies for Irrigation Water Pumping and Nanoparticle Fertilizers on Agri-Food Production in Iraq
Shayma A. Al-Rubaye, Edwin C. Price
Sustainability Switzerland, 2023
While traditional energy sources such as oil, coal, and natural gas drive economic growth, they also seriously affect people’s health and the environment. Renewable energies (RE) are presently seen as an efficient choice for attaining long-term sustainability in development. They provide an adequate response to climate change and supply sufficient electricity. The current situation in Iraq results from a decades-long scarcity of reliable electricity, which has impacted various industries, including agriculture. There are diverse prospects for using renewable energy sources to address the present power crisis. The economic and environmental impacts of renewable energy systems were investigated in this study by using the solar pumping irrigation system and nanoparticle fertilizers on agri-food production with the Farm Simulation FARMSIM model. The results show that using all REs with Carefree Water Conditioner for water treatment resulted in the highest net present value and profit compared to other scenarios. The findings, however, indicate that the All RE scenario (using a solar irrigation system with a nanoparticle fertilizer system, a low-cost technology) is the most feasible and has the highest benefit–cost ratio. Due to high initial investment costs, all traditional approaches (using traditional irrigation and fertilizer systems) had a lower benefit–cost ratio than the other scenarios. According to simulation results, all four scenarios are profitable and feasible for implementation.
ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF DUYRIDGE DAM AS A WATER-HARVESTING SCHEME IN IRAQ
Shayma Al‐Rubaye, Wadaq Awad, Safa Ahmed, Aisha Mahmoud
Irrigation and Drainage, 2020
Abstract Iraq, home of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, has survived an extreme deficiency of surface water assets over the years. The gap is due to the decline of the Iraqi water share every year, as well as a high demand for water use from different sectors, particularly agriculture. Dam development has long given significant economic benefits to Iraq in circulating low‐priced electricity and supporting low‐income farmers by supplying them with a free irrigation system (Zakaria et al, 2012). This encouraged domestic consumption and investment. Despite the fact that numerous advantages are expected from dam construction, it should be painstakingly assessed, utilizing cost–benefit analysis before endorsement. This study aims to evaluate the capability of the Duyridge Dam in Maysan Governorate to harvest rainwater in Iraq and meet the local populations' needs as well as the geological, topographic, hydrological and economic requisites of water. The result indicates that the net present costs and net present benefits at a 10% discount rate are equal to US$18.8 million and US$20.2 million respectively, while the net present value is equal to US$179 000 and the benefit–cost ratio is equal to 1.08. Likewise, the results show that the internal rate of return is 11% and the payback of the project period is 5 years. The sensitivity analysis of the dam was estimated as well. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agricultural Irrigation Pricing: Review of Theories and Practices
Shayma Al-Rubaye
Irrigation and Drainage, 2019
Abstract Water pricing and substitution of the costs of irrigation investment operation and maintenance have been controversial issues for a long time. The small charges for irrigation water are addressed, and additionally, the low level of farmers who pay the costs. In a few schemes, expense accumulation rates are close to zero, notwithstanding when water charges are well beneath the cost of operation and maintenance. Water prices are charged to farmers for two essential objectives. The first is to cover the operation and maintenance estimation with the goal that the investment is fiscally practical. Much of the time, costs will likewise need to incorporate a price for the cost of capital required to develop the scheme. This charge for capital is fundamental for future irrigation system investment. The second reason involves estimation to help farmers utilize less water per unit of yield or to deliver more prominent net economic returns per unit of water, or both. This paper summarizes irrigation water pricing methodologies and the related academic literature. Three water pricing methods are presented: volumetric, non‐volumetric and water market. For each methodology, potential impacts on water usage are postulated and supported by a summary of the academic literature. In addition, a summarized case study of irrigation water‐pricing practices and effects in Iraq is presented. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Economic Analysis of AI‐Driven Resource Efficiency in Sustainable Agriculture in Iraq
S AL‐Rubaye
Agribusiness , 2026
2026.0
The economic impacts of the post-harvest losses of tangerines and Seville oranges crops in Iraq (Baghdad Governorate: As a case study).
ZR Kadhim, SH Ali, SA AL-Rubaye
Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 31 (2) , 2025
2025.0
Citations: 2
Estimating the Indicators of productive and Marketing Efficiency of the Green Pepper under the Protected Cultivation System in Baghdad Province
ZR Kadhim, SA AL-Rubaye, AT Abd Al-majeed, QT Jassam
International Journal of Life Science and Agriculture Research 3 (3), 124-131 , 2024
2024.0
The economic impacts of using renewable energy technologies for irrigation water pumping and nanoparticle fertilizers on agri-food production in Iraq
SA Al-Rubaye, EC Price
Sustainability 15 (6), 5478 , 2023
2023.0
Citations: 14
ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF DUYRIDGE DAM AS A WATER‐HARVESTING SCHEME IN IRAQ
S Al‐Rubaye, W Awad, S Ahmed, A Mahmoud
Irrigation and Drainage , 2020
2020.0
Citations: 3
Agricultural Irrigation Pricing: Review of Theories and Practices
S Al‐Rubaye
Irrigation and Drainage 68 (2), 129-139 , 2019
2019.0
Citations: 15
Agricultural irrigation pricing: review of theories and practices
S Al‐Rubaye
Irrigation and Drainage 68 (2), 129-139 , 2019
2019.0
Acknowledgement of reviewers 2018
SA Bapat, K Aalders, K Aaltonen, M Aapro, AA Razek, E Abdelzaher, ...
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 178, 715-727 , 2019
2019.0
Water Productivity and Efficiency of Irrigated Corn Farms in Babylon Governorate
S Al-Rubaye, J Al- Ezzy
1st International Conference on Applied Agricultural Sciences and … , 2018
2018.0
Using Efficiency of Labor and Capital Resource in the Production Fields on Chicken Meat (Jalawla–Diyala Governorate)
AK Shayma’a, EHA Al-Kaisy
ANBAR JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 9 (1) , 2011
2011.0
Water Productivity and Efficiency of Irrigated Corn Farms in Babylon Governorate
S Al-Rubaye
University of Baghdad - College of Agriculture , 2007
2007.0
The Economic Impacts of the Post-Harvest Losses of Tangerines and Seville Oranges Crops in Iraq (Baghdad Governorate: As a Case Study)
ZK Redhewy, SH Ali, SA Al-Rubaye
Available at SSRN 4040124 , 0

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Agricultural Irrigation Pricing: Review of Theories and Practices
S Al‐Rubaye
Irrigation and Drainage 68 (2), 129-139 , 2019
2019.0
Citations: 15
The economic impacts of using renewable energy technologies for irrigation water pumping and nanoparticle fertilizers on agri-food production in Iraq
SA Al-Rubaye, EC Price
Sustainability 15 (6), 5478 , 2023
2023.0
Citations: 14
ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF DUYRIDGE DAM AS A WATER‐HARVESTING SCHEME IN IRAQ
S Al‐Rubaye, W Awad, S Ahmed, A Mahmoud
Irrigation and Drainage , 2020
2020.0
Citations: 3
The economic impacts of the post-harvest losses of tangerines and Seville oranges crops in Iraq (Baghdad Governorate: As a case study).
ZR Kadhim, SH Ali, SA AL-Rubaye
Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 31 (2) , 2025
2025.0
Citations: 2
Economic Analysis of AI‐Driven Resource Efficiency in Sustainable Agriculture in Iraq
S AL‐Rubaye
Agribusiness , 2026
2026.0
Estimating the Indicators of productive and Marketing Efficiency of the Green Pepper under the Protected Cultivation System in Baghdad Province
ZR Kadhim, SA AL-Rubaye, AT Abd Al-majeed, QT Jassam
International Journal of Life Science and Agriculture Research 3 (3), 124-131 , 2024
2024.0
Agricultural irrigation pricing: review of theories and practices
S Al‐Rubaye
Irrigation and Drainage 68 (2), 129-139 , 2019
2019.0
Acknowledgement of reviewers 2018
SA Bapat, K Aalders, K Aaltonen, M Aapro, AA Razek, E Abdelzaher, ...
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 178, 715-727 , 2019
2019.0
Water Productivity and Efficiency of Irrigated Corn Farms in Babylon Governorate
S Al-Rubaye, J Al- Ezzy
1st International Conference on Applied Agricultural Sciences and … , 2018
2018.0
Using Efficiency of Labor and Capital Resource in the Production Fields on Chicken Meat (Jalawla–Diyala Governorate)
AK Shayma’a, EHA Al-Kaisy
ANBAR JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 9 (1) , 2011
2011.0
Water Productivity and Efficiency of Irrigated Corn Farms in Babylon Governorate
S Al-Rubaye
University of Baghdad - College of Agriculture , 2007
2007.0
The Economic Impacts of the Post-Harvest Losses of Tangerines and Seville Oranges Crops in Iraq (Baghdad Governorate: As a Case Study)
ZK Redhewy, SH Ali, SA Al-Rubaye
Available at SSRN 4040124 , 0