Quantum ML, Generative AI, and Information Fusion for Cloud Security in IoT-Enabled Sustainable Smart Cities: Innovation, Approaches, and Challenges Sukanya. Pondavakam, Sushil Kumar Singh, Vinay Rishiwal, Jong Hyuk Park Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 2026 Quantum Computing (QC) has emerged as a promising paradigm capable of solving complex computational problems more efficiently than classical approaches. Quantum‐inspired algorithms provide highly efficient, optimized solutions that can revolutionize various industries by enabling faster data processing, secure communications, and innovative advancements. In cloud security, Machine Learning (ML) techniques play an essential role in detecting and mitigating cyber threats. The integration of QC with ML, known as Quantum Machine Learning (QML), introduces novel security solutions that enhance the resilience of cloud infrastructures against cyberattacks. Moreover, incorporating Generative AI into QML frameworks can further bolster cloud security through advanced anomaly detection, automated response generation, and the synthesis of secure synthetic data for training models. Additionally, in IoT‐enabled sustainable smart cities, information fusion techniques (including multi‐sensor and multi‐process fusion) are essential for ensuring robust cloud security, which is paramount to protecting interconnected systems, data privacy, and critical infrastructure. This review article provides a comprehensive survey of QML‐based approaches, augmented by generative AI and information fusion, for enhancing cloud security in these environments. We review over 150 research articles, examining the key principles of QML, its advantages over classical ML techniques, and its applications in securing cloud environments. Furthermore, the paper discusses the challenges and opportunities in implementing QML, generative AI, and information fusion for cloud security within smart city ecosystems. By offering a detailed analysis, this study aims to contribute to the advancement of quantum‐driven security frameworks for next‐generation smart cities.
Study of electromagnetic pulses with frequencies exceeding 10 GHz at the kilojoule sub-nanosecond laser facility PALS J Cikhardt, J Krása, S Agarwal, M Alonzo, P W Bradford, et al. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2026 In this contribution, we present the results of a long-term study on radiofrequency and microwave electromagnetic pulse (EMP) emission, a phenomenon that is still not satisfactorily explained, performed at the PALS iodine laser system (1315 nm, 0.3 ns, up to 700 J on target). Using a comprehensive set of broadband diagnostics, including double ridged horn antennas, target current probe, along with special low-loss cables and oscilloscopes with sampling rates up to 100 GS s −1 , we observed an unprecedentedly broad EMP spectrum with frequencies significantly exceeding 10 GHz. Moreover, scaling experiments revealed a dependence of the spectral shape and its central frequency on the laser intensity, and this was further correlated with electron emission. This dependence indicates that in addition to the well-known influence of the eigenfrequencies of the experimental hardware (e.g. target, stalk, and chamber), processes associated with the expanding plasma can also play a dominant role, as demonstrated in this study. We believe that these new findings will not only contribute to EMP mitigation and deepen our understanding of fundamental physics, but also support high-tech applications such as EMP hardening, biomedical research, and defense technologies.
Deep Neural Network-Based Feature Encoding for Automated Health Monitoring Using Large AI Models in Online Communication Systems Pir Noman Ahmad, Inam Ullah, Nagwa M Aboelenein, Sushil Kumar Singh, Weiwei Jiang, et al. ACM Transactions on Internet of Things, 2026 The hybrid model combines deep neural networks (DNN) and large AI models, such as large language models (LLM), for enhanced clinical information retrieval (CIR) from electronic clinical records (ECR). While LLMs show promise for encoding complex medical data, they face challenges in user-dependent information, such as patient reports with encoded knowledge, accessing real-time data, and requiring extensive fine-tuning for clinical decision-making in online communication systems. To overcome these limitations, we introduce a Transformer-based Sequence (TBS) multimodal method that integrates representation learning with human expertise to encode and analyze intricate relationships within clinical data. This model improves predictive tasks and medical search accuracy, achieving F1-scores of 0.83-0.80, and outperforms baseline methods. Integrating AI-driven methodologies in healthcare has the potential to transform medical record analysis and utilization, resulting in enhanced patient outcomes and more personalized healthcare solutions.
DeFiTrustChain: A DeFi-Enabled NFT and Escrow Framework for Secure Automotive Supply Chains in Smart Cities Archana Kurde, Sushil Kumar Singh, Aziz Alotaibi Sensors, 2026 The rising usage of IoT devices in everyday life has formed smart cities that require the adoption of decentralized systems for a secure and transparent mechanism to manage asset exchange across automotive supply chains. Several existing Blockchain-based models built on public chains focus on traceability while overlooking scalability limits, transaction fees, conditional payment trust, or real-time delivery validation. We introduce DeFiTrustChain, a DeFi-enabled framework that combines free NFTs, escrow-based automation, and IoT verification within a Hyperledger Fabric network. It represents each vehicle using a unique NFT to capture the details of manufacturing and ownership, along with immutable asset verification. The payment release between stakeholders is governed by a dedicated escrow contract responsible for IoT-based delivery confirmation. The proposed framework ensures authenticated access and prevents identity misuse through integration of the Fabric Certificate Authority. The experimental results demonstrate the coherent and dependable execution of NFT creation, escrow enforcement, and IoT-triggered validation, with low local transaction processing time and consistent behavior across peers.
A miniature bio-inspired antenna for sub-6 GHz consumer wireless and biomedical diagnostic applications T Nahar, S Rawat, V Das, P Pathak, B Virdee, SK Singh Scientific Reports , 2026 2026
An Information-Driven and Intelligent Federated Energy-Timing Watermark Framework for Man-in-the-Middle Attack Detection in Electric Vehicle Charging Networks P Biswas, SK Singh, V Rishiwal Journal of Information and Intelligence , 2026 2026
BFLAFD: blockchain-enabled federated learning framework for adaptive fire detection in IIoT networks J Desikan, SK Singh, A Jayanthiladevi, H Gupta Scientific Reports , 2026 2026
Quantum ML, Generative AI, and Information Fusion for Cloud Security in IoT‐Enabled Sustainable Smart Cities: Innovation, Approaches, and Challenges S Pondavakam, SK Singh, V Rishiwal, JH Park Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 37 (5), e70439 , 2026 2026
Blockchain-enabled Federated GRU-Based Secure Digital Twin Architecture for Smart Agriculture Recommendation Systems SK Singh, B Gohel, M Kumar, SN Saxena, A Restas IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 2026 2026
WCMA-Net: Enhancing Mammographic Cancer Diagnosis Using Wavelet-Driven Channel-Spatial Mamba Attention K ur Rehman, Y Tian, L Jianqiang, A Yasin, W Jiang, SK Singh, M Aloraini, ... Tsinghua Science and Technology , 2026 2026
A Comprehensive Survey of the 6G Network Technologies: Challenges, Possible Attacks, and Future Research RV Harsora, SK Singh, RN Ravikumar, DK Verma, SK Srivastava Generative Artificial Intelligence for Next‐Generation Security Paradigms … , 2026 2026
Blockchain‐Enabled Smart City Solutions: Exploring the Technology's Evolution and Applications PL Khakhariya, SK Singh, RN Ravikumar, DK Verma Generative Artificial Intelligence for Next‐Generation Security Paradigms … , 2026 2026
Security and Privacy in 6G Communication Technology P Jain, PK Aggarwal, M Singh, SK Singh, A Singhal John Wiley & Sons , 2026 2026
DeFiTrustChain: A DeFi-Enabled NFT and Escrow Framework for Secure Automotive Supply Chains in Smart Cities A Kurde, SK Singh, A Alotaibi Sensors 26 (1), 315 , 2026 2026 Citations: 2
AI-Driven Spatiotemporal Mapping and Grid Optimization for Solar and Wind Energy R Jain, SK Singh, H Khan, OP Pal, S Mishra, B Suthar Engineering Proceedings 124 (1), 17 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
AI-Driven Predictive Approaches for Mitigating Cyber Attacks on Electric Vehicle Charging Networks in Public Infrastructure P Biswas, SK Singh, H Khan Transforming Public Administration Through AI-Driven Predictive Analytics, 1-48 , 2026 2026
AI-Driven Predictive Analytics for Secure IoT-Enabled Smart Agriculture and Public Administration Perspectives H Singh, S Bari, SK Singh, OP Suthar Transforming Public Administration Through AI-Driven Predictive Analytics, 49-94 , 2026 2026
Empowering Consumer Electronics with Lightweight AI Application for Early Alzheimer’s Detection assisted by Acoustic Signals MU Khan, M ul Hassan, W Noor, M Azam, MS Anwar, SK Singh IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics , 2025 2025
Analytic Study on Existing Communication Technologies for Smart Grid: Beyond the 5G and Extension Toward 6G M Jukaria, SK Singh, R Pandey Security and Privacy in 6G Communication Technology, 263-286 , 2025 2025
Hybrid Machine Learning System for Early Detection of SSH Brute-Force, ICMP Flood, DNS Reflection, and TCP SYN Attacks in Cloud Environments A Maroju, SK Singh, M Harničárová, J Valicek The International Journal of Management and Data Intelligence 1 (1) , 2025 2025
Introduction to 6G: Transforming Smart Cities M Kumar, J Joseph, SK Jangir, SK Singh, DK Choubey, S Kim Security Paradigms in 6G Smart Cities and IoT Ecosystems, 3-9 , 2025 2025
Security Paradigms in 6G Smart Cities and IoT Ecosystems Navigating the Future SK Singh, RB Jadeja, A Khanna, PK Dutta, B Virdee https://www.routledge.com/Security-Paradigms-in-6G-Smart-Cities-and-IoT … , 2025 2025
Integration of Blockchain and Machine Learning Techniques to Enhance IoT Security B Brahma, SK Singh, R Danel, A Jayanthiladevi International Journal of Data Processing & Networking 1 (1) , 2025 2025
A Federated Learning and GAN-Based Stealthy Malware Detection Scheme for IIoT Security MM Salim, BH Jo, SK Singh, JH Park Information Systems Frontiers, 1-25 , 2025 2025
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Integration of IoT-enabled technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) for smart city scenario: recent advancements and future trends MEE Alahi, A Sukkuea, FW Tina, A Nag, W Kurdthongmee, K Suwannarat, ... Sensors 23 (11), 5206 , 2023 2023 Citations: 923
Blockiotintelligence: A blockchain-enabled intelligent IoT architecture with artificial intelligence SK Singh, S Rathore, JH Park Future Generation Computer Systems 110, 721-743 , 2020 2020 Citations: 729
A deep learning-based IoT-oriented infrastructure for secure smart city SK Singh, YS Jeong, JH Park Sustainable Cities and Society 60, 102252 , 2020 2020 Citations: 250
A comprehensive analyses of intrusion detection system for IoT environment. S Sicato, J Costa, SK Singh, S Rathore, JH Park Journal of Information Processing Systems 16 (4) , 2020 2020 Citations: 145
Block5GIntell: Blockchain for AI-enabled 5G networks A El Azzaoui, SK Singh, Y Pan, JH Park IEEE Access 8, 145918-145935 , 2020 2020 Citations: 138
FusionFedBlock: Fusion of blockchain and federated learning to preserve privacy in industry 5.0 SK Singh, LT Yang, JH Park Information Fusion 90, 233-240 , 2023 2023 Citations: 131
Blockchain-empowered cloud architecture based on secret sharing for smart city J Cha, SK Singh, TW Kim, JH Park Journal of Information Security and Applications 57, 102686 , 2021 2021 Citations: 129
Blockchain-enabled secure framework for energy-efficient smart parking in sustainable city environment SK Singh, Y Pan, JH Park Sustainable Cities and Society 76, 103364 , 2022 2022 Citations: 103
A comprehensive survey on core technologies and services for 5G security: Taxonomies, issues, and solutions JH Park, S Rathore, SK Singh, MM Salim, AE Azzaoui, TW Kim, Y Pan, ... Hum.-Centric Comput. Inf. Sci 11 (3), 1-22 , 2021 2021 Citations: 98
Machine learning-based network sub-slicing framework in a sustainable 5g environment SK Singh, MM Salim, J Cha, Y Pan, JH Park Sustainability 12 (15), 6250 , 2020 2020 Citations: 94
Efficient deepfake detection via layer-frozen assisted dual attention network for consumer imaging devices MT Usman, H Khan, SK Singh, MY Lee, JK Koo IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 71 (1), 281-291 , 2024 2024 Citations: 92
DeepBlockScheme: A deep learning-based blockchain driven scheme for secure smart city SK Singh, AE Azzaoui, TW Kim, Y Pan, JH Park Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences 11 (12), 1-13 , 2021 2021 Citations: 86
Handbook of cloud computing A Nayyar, R Jain, S Goel, S Bachlety, S Singh, S Tanwar, S Tyagi BPB , 2019 2019 Citations: 86
Blockchain-based cyber threat intelligence system architecture for sustainable computing J Cha, SK Singh, Y Pan, JH Park Sustainability 12 (16), 6401 , 2020 2020 Citations: 75
Biodegradation of ciprofloxacin by white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus SK Singh, R Khajuria, L Kaur 3 Biotech 7 (1), 69 , 2017 2017 Citations: 75
A deep dive into cybersecurity solutions for AI-driven IoT-enabled smart cities in advanced communication networks J Ali, SK Singh, W Jiang, AM Alenezi, M Islam, YI Daradkeh, A Mehmood Computer Communications 229, 108000 , 2025 2025 Citations: 68
Suitability of big data analytics in Indian banking sector to increase revenue and profitability A Srivastava, SK Singh, S Tanwar, S Tyagi 2017 3rd international conference on advances in computing, communication … , 2017 2017 Citations: 68
Energy‐efficient resource allocation for urban traffic flow prediction in edge‐cloud computing A Ali, I Ullah, SK Singh, A Sharafian, W Jiang, H I. Sherazi, X Bai International Journal of Intelligent Systems 2025 (1), 1863025 , 2025 2025 Citations: 67
BIIoVT: Blockchain-based secure storage architecture for intelligent internet of vehicular things SK Singh, JH Park, PK Sharma, Y Pan IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 11 (6), 75-82 , 2021 2021 Citations: 65
The future of metaverse: Security issues, requirements, and solutions M Choi, AE Azzaoui, SK Singh, MM Salim, SR Jeremiah, JH Park Human-Centric Computing and Information Sciences 12 (60), 1-14 , 2022 2022 Citations: 64