Niran Kadhim F. AL-Rubaey
@uobabylon.edu.iq
Department of Microbiology, Hammurabi College of Medicine
University of Babylon
EDUCATION
Ph.D. Life Science/ Virology
M.Sc. Medical Microbiology
B.Sc. Life Sciences/ Microbiology
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Microbiology, Virology, Molecular Virology, Bacteriology, Genetics
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
NiranKadhim F Al-Rubaey, Abdulkadir Kareem Rhumaid, MayYahya Al-Ma’amouri, and JundiAlak Mahdi Al-Buhilal
Medknow
Background: Streptococcus pyogenes known as group A streptococci (GAS) is the main causative agent of pharyngotonsillitis in children younger than 12 years old. The infection appears mostly in winter and spring. Signs and symptoms of patients with a beta-hemolytic GAS infection, include tonsillar exudate, fever, painful anterior cervical adenopathy, and the lack of a cough. Penicillin and ampicillin are the preferred clinical therapy choice for GAS pharyngitis treatment. Objectives: Isolate and identify GAS in throat swabs among children suffering from acute pharyngotonsillitis to estimate the prevalence rate of bacterial isolates associated with age, sex, and months variation of GAS infection. Also, it is to determine the antibiotic sensitivity patterns such as penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, azithromycin, ofloxacin, clindamycin, and rifampicin, which are used for the treatment of GAS associated with the acute pharyngotonsillitis in children. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and ten throat swabs have been obtained from patients who were clinically diagnosed as having acute pharyngotonsillitis of age ranging from (1–12) years of both sexes were admitted to various hospitals and enrolled in a sequential manner from November 2021 to April 2022 in two Governorates (Baghdad and Babylon), Iraq. These throat swabs were exposed to the bacterial culturing, and some other tests. Streptococcus pyogenes isolates were identified depending on the colony properties, beta-hemolysis on sheep blood agar plate, Gram’s stain, catalase production test, in addition to a sensitivity to bacitracin and Pyrrolidinyl arylamidase test to confirm the identification of GAS. Results: The prevalence of identifying GAS isolates was 140 (34.1%) out of 410 samples. GAS strains can cause acute pharyngotonsillitis in children of all ages, but it most frequently occurred between 1 and 6 year age groups, and it was more in men 80 (57.1%) than in women 60 (42.9%). Likewise, it was found that GAS associated with acute pharyngotonsillitis with a high incidence in winter and in early spring, in which the peak of GAS infection has been seen in January (30.7%). On the other hand, some antibiotics were used to show their effect on these GAS isolates. The findings revealed that all isolates were sensitive (100%) to penicillin and ampicillin, and (83.6%) of isolates were sensitive to clindamycin, whereas some isolates shown a lesser degree of sensitivity (75% and 60%) to rifampicin and ofloxacin. However, only 49.3% of the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin, and (46.4%) were sensitive to azithromycin. Conclusion: GAS strains can cause acute pharyngotonsillitis in children of all ages, but it most frequently occurred in the age groups (1–6) year, and more predominant in men than in women. High percentage of infections with GAS have been noticed in winter and spring to reach its peak in January. Additionally, penicillin and ampicillin are preferred antibiotic for treatment, whereas in the most serious cases clindamycin was added to the treatment plan.
NiranKadhim F Al-Rubaey, HazimH Hussain, NaghamT Ibraheem, MohammedMalih Radhi, NadaKhazal Kadhim Hindi, and RusullHamza Kh AL-Jubori
Medknow
Biological contaminants refer to environmental contamination and food source with living microorganisms such as bacteria, molds, viruses, and fungi, in addition to mites, house dust, and pollen. Temperature, relative humidity, movement of air, and sources of nutrients have influenced the presence and spread of biological contaminants. Numerous living microorganisms can grow independently on each other, such as bacteria and fungi. Viruses (a small obligate parasite) depend on other living organisms for their development and for performing vital functions. Indoor air can contaminate with biological contaminants by a different status, including living, dead, or debris of the dead microorganisms which were transported through ventilation systems, when the microorganism components dissolve in water. They become aerosolized when the contaminants are physically disturbed, like in renovation or construction, and when the contaminants discharge harmful gases into the indoor environment. Most studies conducted in recent years agree that air pollution rates are increasing, bringing more risks to human health, as pollution is related to the risk of heart and lung disease and its effect on children, especially infants and newborns. Also, environmental pollution may have become the most dangerous disaster faced by humans, because it means environment retrogradation in which humans lives as a result of an imbalance within the compatibility of the constituent elements and loses its ability to carry out its natural role in self-removal of contaminants by the natural factors noticeable within air, land, and water. In some cases, many common infections can spread through airborne contaminated microorganisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, measles virus (MV), influenza virus, Morbillivirus, chickenpox virus, norovirus, enterovirus, less commonly coronavirus, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). When an infected person coughs, talks, sneezes, has throat secretions, and releases nasal into the air, the airborne infection can spread. Bacteria or viruses spread out noticeably in the air or ground and transport to other persons or surfaces. This review provides the conception of biological contaminants and their properties, nature of the indoor environment, and adverse health effects associated with biological contaminants.
Al-Buhilal Jundi Alak Mahdi, Rhumaid Abdulkadir Kareem, Al-Tabtabai Alyaa Mohammed H., and AL-Rubaey Niran Kadhim F.
Open Science Publishers LLP
Jundi Alak Mahdi Al-Buhilal1, Abdulkadir Kareem Rhumaid1, Alyaa Mohammed H. Al-Tabtabai2, Niran Kadhim F. AL-Rubaey3* 1Department of Technical Medical Laboratories, Institute of Medical Technology Al-Mansour, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq. 2Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. 3Department of Microbiology, Hammurabi College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.
Mohammed Malih Radhi, Niran Kadhim F. AL-Rubaey, Rusull Hamza Kh. AL-Jubori, and Nada Khazal Kadhim Hindi
Africa Health Research Organization
Background: Viral hepatitis disease is a major public health problem affecting hundreds to millions of individuals worldwide. The most widely recognized types of viral hepatitis are six distinct types of hepatitis virus, referred to as A, B, C, D, E, and G which may appear in an acute or chronic form. The aim of current study was to to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis A, B and C virus infections over the last five years ago from 2014 to 2018 and to determine the prevalence associated with age and gender of patients in Babylon province, Iraq, through analyzing data by descriptive statistics approaches. Methods: Current study involved 2110 positive cases who were diagnosed as having hepatitis A, Band C virus infections of age groups ranging from (< 1 to ≥ 20) years of both genders (1184 males and 926 females). Patients' information was gathered retrospectively from the medical records at The Central Public Health Laboratory of Babylon province for the period between 2014 and 2018. Results and Conclusion: The study results showed that 1868 cases (88.5%) out of 2110 cases had Hepatitis A Virus while 205 cases (9.7%) had Hepatitis B Virus and 37 cases (1.8%) had Hepatitis C Virus. Also, the highest number of cases (653) of viral hepatitis infections was recorded in 2015 and the lowest number (307) was recorded in 2014. On the other hand, it has been discovered that the highest total number of cases was for Hepatitis A Virus cases (576) cases, followed by Hepatitis B Virus (60) cases and then Hepatitis C Virus (17) cases for year 2015. The analysis of results depicted the relationship between types of viral hepatitis infections and years of prevalence and revealed a highly significant association at Pvalue <0.01. Besides, the results showed that both genders were influenced with viral hepatitis, but males were more influenced gender (56.1%) than females (43.9%). The analysis depicted the relationship between types of viral hepatitis infections and gender of patients and revealed that they affected both genders significantly at Pvalue <0.01.
Niran Kadhim F. AL-Rubaey, Fatima Moeen Abbas, and Imad Hadi Hameed
Diva Enterprises Private Limited