High-temperature synthesis and electronic bonding analysis of Ca-doped LaMnO3 rare-earth manganites Natarajan Thenmozhi, Ramachandran Saravanan Rare Metals, 2022 Doped lanthanum manganites La1−xCaxMnO3 with five different concentrations of Ca (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) were synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction method and characterized. The prepared samples were experimentally analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements. Orthorhombic structure is confirmed for this compound from powder X-ray diffraction data. The XRD data confirm the shrinkage in the unit cell of synthesized samples for increasing calcium concentration. The UV–Visible analysis for the estimation of optical band gap (Eg) reveals that the band gap decreases with the incorporation of Ca. The synthesized samples were investigated for charge density distribution using maximum entropy method, utilizing the XRD data sets. From the charge density analysis, it is found that the bond lengths for La–O and Mn–O bonds decrease with the addition of Ca. The ionic nature between La and O atoms and covalent nature between Mn and O atoms are enhanced for 40% of calcium-doping. For 50% of Ca-doped sample, ionic nature between La and O atoms and covalent nature between Mn and O atoms decrease. All the prepared samples exhibit ferromagnetism at 20 K and paramagnetism at 300 K.
Local structure and electron density distribution analysis of tin(II) sulfide using pair distribution function and maximum entropy method Muthaian Charles Robert, Nagaraj Pavithra, Ramachandran Saravanan, Subramanian Saravanakumar Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung Section A Journal of Physical Sciences, 2022 Tin(II) sulfide (SnS) is a low symmetric orthorhombic double-layered dual bandgap semiconductor. It is low cost, toxic-free and highly abundant on Earth, with multifunctional optical, electronic, magnetic and light conversion applications when doped adequately with impurity. These physical properties can be understood only by the complete understanding of microstructural properties like average structure, electron density distribution inside the unit cell, bonding nature and local structure. In this work, the average and local structure, along with the electron density distribution of a nano crystallite sized single-phase sample of tin(II) sulfide is elucidated with the help of precise X-ray intensity data. The average structural information was extracted using Rietveld refinement analysis and the visual mapping of 3D, 2D and 1D electron density distribution inside the unit cell and its numerical contribution using maximum entropy method (MEM). The bonding between the first inter and intra bonding between Sn and S atoms is 2.65,105 Å and 3.2689 Å with mid bond electron density 0.907 e/Å3 and 0.1688 e/Å3 respectively. The inter-atomic correlations of 1st, 2nd and 3rd nearest neighbour atoms, their bond length, and the crystallite size are reported from pair distribution function (PDF) analysis using low Q-XRD data (Q ∼ 6.5 Å−1). The PDF analysis shows that the first and second nearest Sn–S bonding distance is 2.6064 Å and 3.4402 Å, first is between the Sn and S atoms of the same layer and the other between the Sn and S atoms of the adjacent layers respectively.
Room Temperature Magnetism and Experimental Electron Density Analysis of Co2+ Doped ZnFe2O4 Spinel Nanoferrites M. Thavarani, M. Charles Robert, S. Balaji Prasath, N. Pavithra, R. Saravanan, et al. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2022 A clear understanding of the microstructural and physical properties of materials is an essential requirement for the advancement of industrial device applications. In this context, single-phase spinel Co2+ -doped ZnFe2O4 (CoxZn1-xFe2O4: x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) was synthesised by autocombustion and characterised structurally and magnetically by x-ray and vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM), respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) were used for surface morphology and elemental composition analysis. UV-Visible spectrophotometry was used for optical band gap analysis. Rietveld refinement study yielded the refined structure factor for each Bragg plane, cell constant and oxygen positional parameter. Both cation distribution analysis and VSM studies revealed a cubic spinel structure with a partial distribution of Fe3+ ions at the tetrahedral A and octahedral B sites and the complete incorporation of Co2+ and Zn2+ ions at the octahedral B site. The bonding strength and electron density distribution between tetrahedral A and octahedral B sites via oxygen ions were analysed using the maximum entropy method (MEM). A precise 3D and 2D visualisation of the tetrahedral A and octahedral B sites gives the electronic isosurface shape, size, and bonding behaviour for all the compositions. Maximum A-O covalent bonding and maximum B-O ionic bonding favours an increase in coercivity. The magnetic hysteresis analysis (VSM) reveals a slow switching from paramagnetic to superparamagnetic behaviour with increased Co2+ content. The maximum magnetisation and coercivity in this present work are double the value compared to the reported values.
Effect of Ca2+ doping on the electronic charge density and magnetic properties of ZnFe2O4 spinel ferrites M. Thavarani, M. Charles Robert, N. Pavithra, R. Saravanan, Y. B. Kannan, et al. Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics, 2022 The phase pure Ca2+-doped ZnFe2O4, spinel ferrite, synthesized by solvothermal method were analyzed using X-ray diffraction data. The structure factor corresponding to miller lattice planes and parameters like cell constants, anion positional parameter (O2−), etc., are calculated using Rietveld refinement strategy, considering cubic spinel structure. The cation distribution study reveals mixed spinel structure with both Ca2+ and Fe3+ ions occupying both tetrahedral A site and octahedral B site and Zn2+ occupying only at tetrahedral A site. The quantitative and visual electron bonding study reveals covalent bonding between A site ions and O2− ions and ionic bonding between B site ions and O2− ions for all the compositions and both are dominating for the composition Ca0.2Zn0.8Fe2O4. Also, the maximum entropy method-based electron density studies reveals that A–B interaction is maximum compared to A–A and B–B interactions and A–A interaction is the weakest one. The surface morphology using SEM shows spherical particle nature and energy dispersive X-ray analysis shows its stoichiometric compositions without any impurity elements. The magnetic properties are analyzed using vibrating sample magnetometer, which reveals the prepared sample with composition Ca0.2Zn0.8Fe2O4 show good ferromagnetic properties at room temperature. The observed saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization, coercivity and squareness ratio (Mr/Ms) for the composition Ca0.2Zn0.8Fe2O4 are 32.588 emu/g, 9.4265 emu/g, 407.98 gauss, and 28.95%, respectively. The present work reveals that Ca0.2Zn0.8Fe2O4 may be one of the best alternative low-cost and environment friendly semi-hard ferrite, useful in high-frequency device applications.
Charge distribution around Ba–O and Ti–O bonds in BaTi1−xZrxO3 through powder X-ray diffraction Jegannathan Mangaiyarkkarasi, Ramachandran Saravanan Rare Metals, 2021 Ferroelectric lead-free BaTi1−xZrxO3 ceramic powder samples with various compositions (x = 0, 0.04, 0.06) have been synthesized by conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction method at 1450 °C for 10 h. Influences of Zr doping on the inter-atomic bonding and charge density distributions inside the lattice structure of BaTiO3 were analyzed through powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and maximum entropy method. Lattice parameter and cell volume values are found to be increasing with the incorporation of Zr content. Calculated average grain sizes are found to be in the range of 23–28 nm. Maximum entropy mapping of electron density analysis reveals the reduction in ionic nature along Ba–O bond and the enhancement of covalent nature along Ti–O bond. Energy band gap values were determined from ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectra. Surface morphology and microstructures of the samples were analyzed from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs. Particles with irregular sizes were observed in all the prepared ceramics. Stoichiometry of the samples was further confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX).
Probing the effects of Al dopant over the structure and charge-related optical, magnetic, and electrical properties of Al3+-doped LaFeO3 bulk multiferroic materials G. Gowri, R. Saravanan, N. Srinivasan, K. Karunya, P. Jeyasheela, et al. Chemical Papers, 2021 Aluminum-substituted LaFeO3 (La1−xAlxFeO3) (x = 0.05, 0.15, and 0.25) bulk multiferroics were synthesized by standard high temperature (1300 °C) solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction results confirmed that the prepared La1−xAlxFeO3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic phase. The 3D charge density distributions and arrangement of charges on 2D crystallographic planes and 1D charge density profiles between nearest neighboring atoms in the unit cell of La1−xAlxFeO3 have examined using the maximum entropy method. Deagglomerated particles having different shapes with irregular boundaries and size in the micrometer range has observed through scanning electron microscopy micrographs. The increase in the substitution of Al in LaFeO3 enhances the magnetic and electrical properties of the host system. Magnetic measurements revealed that Al substitution in LaFeO3 leads to ferromagnetic ordering with the enhanced coercive field, between 1044 G (x = 0.05) and 3031 G (x = 0.25). The dielectric constant of the synthesized samples lies in the range of 213 to 771. ferroelectric measurements demonstrate elliptical P–E loops with high remanent polarization (Pr) for all the samples. The optical measurements show that the Al substitution in LaFeO3 leads to the decrease in the energy band gap (Eg). The structural and charge-related magnetoelectric properties have been investigated through charge density values and spin.
The influence of the sintering temperature on optical, magnetic, thermal properties and charge density distribution of NiO ceramics B Subha, R Saravanan, N Srinivasan Solid State Communications 403, 115988 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
The impact of sintering temperature on microstructure, optical and thermal properties of SnO 2 ceramics B Subha, R Saravanan, N Srinivasan, MHA Suleiman, M Selvaraj Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 35 (27), 1795 , 2024 2024 Citations: 6
Transition Metal Doped Spintronics Materials R Saravanan Materials Research Forum LLC, USA, Vol. 139, 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10 … , 2023 2023
Multiferroic Materials R Saravanan Materials Research Forum LLC, USA, Vol. 140, 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10 … , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Characterization of Ceramic-Ferrite Magneto-Electric Composites R Saravanan Materials Research Forum LLC, Vol. 136, USA - https://doi.org/10.21741 … , 2023 2023
High-temperature synthesis and electronic bonding analysis of Ca-doped LaMnO 3 rare-earth manganites N Thenmozhi, R Saravanan Rare Metals 41 (11), 3932-3942 , 2022 2022 Citations: 11
Local structure and electron density distribution analysis of tin (II) sulfide using pair distribution function and maximum entropy method MC Robert, N Pavithra, R Saravanan, S Saravanakumar Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 77 (7), 689-700 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Room Temperature Magnetism and Experimental Electron Density Analysis of Co 2+ Doped ZnFe 2 O 4 Spinel Nanoferrites M Thavarani, MC Robert, SB Prasath, N Pavithra, R Saravanan, ... Journal of Electronic Materials 51 (6), 3078-3091 , 2022 2022 Citations: 11
Influence of Zn 2+ Doping on CaFe 2 O 4 Spinel Ferrites: An Analysis of Experimental Charge Density and Magnetism MC Robert, M Thavarani, N Pavithra, SB Prasath, R Saravanan, ... Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 35 (5), 1281-1298 , 2022 2022 Citations: 11
Effect of Ca2+ doping on the electronic charge density and magnetic properties of ZnFe2O4 spinel ferrites M Thavarani, MC Robert, N Pavithra, R Saravanan, YB Kannan, ... Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 33 (7), 4116-4131 , 2022 2022 Citations: 30
Exploration of (1− x) BaTiO3+ xZnFe2O4 magneto-electric ceramic composite on charge density: Structure and its characterization SV Meenakshi, R Saravanan, N Srinivasan, D Dhayanithi, NV Giridharan Journal of Alloys and Compounds 888, 161491 , 2021 2021 Citations: 3
Charge distribution around Ba–O and Ti–O bonds in BaTi 1− x Zr x O 3 through powder X-ray diffraction J Mangaiyarkkarasi, R Saravanan Rare Metals 40, 1-8 , 2021 2021 Citations: 6
Investigation on interatomic chemical bonding and charge-related optical, multiferroic properties of La1− xZnxFeO3 bulk ceramics G Gowri, R Saravanan, N Srinivasan, OV Saravanan, S Sonai Materials Chemistry and Physics 267, 124652 , 2021 2021 Citations: 13
Probing the effects of Al dopant over the structure and charge-related optical, magnetic, and electrical properties of Al 3+-doped LaFeO 3 bulk multiferroic materials G Gowri, R Saravanan, N Srinivasan, K Karunya, P Jeyasheela, M Uthra Chemical Papers (Springer) (Impact Factor = 1.680), 1-17 , 2021 2021 Citations: 9
Correction to: Charge Density Analysis, Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Studies of (1− x) BaTiO3+ x NiFe2O4 Ceramic Composite SV Meenakshi, R Saravanan, N Srinivasan, OV Saravanan, D Dhayanithi, ... Journal of Electronic Materials 50 (1), 400-401 , 2021 2021 Citations: 1
Charge Density Analysis, Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Studies of (1 - x) BaTiO 3 + x NiFe 2 O 4 Ceramic Composite: Meenakshi, R. Saravanan, Srinivasan … SV Meenakshi, R Saravanan, N Srinivasan, OV Saravanan, D Dhayanithi, ... Journal of Electronic Materials 49 (12), 7349-7362 , 2020 2020 Citations: 17
Exchange bias effect, ferroelectric property, primary bonding and charge density analysis of La1-xCexFeO3 multiferroics G Gowri, R Saravanan, S Sasikumar, IB Shameem Banu Materials Research Bulletin 118, 110512 , 2019 2019 Citations: 17
A study of charge density distribution and enhanced electrochemical properties of zinc cobaltite/polyaniline nanocomposite for supercapacitor application V Shanmugavalli, OV Saravanan, K Vishista, R Saravanan Ionics 25 (9), 4393-4408 , 2019 2019 Citations: 23
Rietveld analysis, optical, and ferroelectric properties of (1 − x )(Na 0.97 K 0.03 )NbO 3 – x BaTiO 3 ( x = 0.1, 02) ceramics synthesized by solid-state reaction … S Sasikumar, S Saravanakumar, S Asath Bahadur, R Saravanan Applied Physics A 125 (7), 480 , 2019 2019 Citations: 1
Interatomic chemical bonding and charge correlation of optical, magnetic and dielectric properties of La 1−x Sr x FeO 3 multiferroics synthesized by solid- state … G Gowri, R Saravanan, S Sasikumar, M Nandhakumar, R Ragasudha Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 30 (5), 4409-4426 , 2019 2019 Citations: 9
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Local structure of the thermoelectric material Mg 2 Si using XRD R Saravanan, MC Robert Journal of Alloys and Compounds (Elsevier) 479 (1), 26-31 , 2009 2009 Citations: 75
Sintering effect on structural, magnetic and optical properties of Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 ferrite nano particles YB Kannan, R Saravanan, N Srinivasan, I Ismail Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (Elsevier) 423, 217-225 , 2017 2017 Citations: 67
Metal and alloy bonding-an experimental analysis: Charge density in metals and alloys R Saravanan, MP Rani Springer Science & Business Media - ISBN 978-1-4471-2203-6 Published: 21 … , 2011 2011 Citations: 65
High resolution electron density mapping for LiF and NaF by maximum entropy method (MEM) S Israel, R Saravanan, N Srinivasan, RK Rajaram Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids (Elsevier) 64 (1), 43-49 , 2003 2003 Citations: 58
Effect of sintering temperature on the magnetic properties and charge density distribution of nano-NiO S Saravanakumar, R Saravanan, S Sasikumar Chemical Papers (Springer) 68 (6), 788-797 , 2014 2014 Citations: 56
Synthesis and characterization of some ferrite nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation method YB Kannan, R Saravanan, N Srinivasan, K Praveena, K Sadhana Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 27 (11), 12000-12008 , 2016 2016 Citations: 51
Electron density distribution in GaAs using MEM R Saravanan, Y Ono, M Isshiki, K Ohno, T Kajitani Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids (Elsevier) 64 (1), 51-58 , 2003 2003 Citations: 51
Anharmonic temperature factors, anomalous-dispersion effects and bonding charges in gallium arsenide R Saravanan, SK Mohanlal, KS Chandrasekaran Acta Crystallographica Section A: Foundations of Crystallography (IUCr) 48 … , 1992 1992 Citations: 39
Magnetic and optical properties of Ti doped ZnO prepared by solid state reaction method T Akilan, N Srinivasan, R Saravanan Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing (Elsevier) 30, 381-387 , 2015 2015 Citations: 38
Electronic structure of InP at RT, 200 and 100K S Israel, R Saravanan, RK Rajaram Physica B: Condensed Matter (Elsevier) 349 (1), 390-400 , 2004 2004 Citations: 32
An investigation on the bonding in MgO, CaO, SrO and BaO from the MEM electron density distributions S Israel, R Saravanan, N Srinivasan, SK Mohanlal Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids (Elsevier) 64 (5), 879-886 , 2003 2003 Citations: 32
Effect of Ca2+ doping on the electronic charge density and magnetic properties of ZnFe2O4 spinel ferrites M Thavarani, MC Robert, N Pavithra, R Saravanan, YB Kannan, ... Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 33 (7), 4116-4131 , 2022 2022 Citations: 30
Localized ferromagnetic charge ordering through charge density analysis in nano sized diluted magnetic semiconductor Co 2+: ZnO KSS Ali, R Saravanan, S Israel, M Açıkgöz, L Arda Physica B: Condensed Matter (Elsevier) 405 (7), 1763-1769 , 2010 2010 Citations: 29
Analysis of structural, optical and charge density distribution studies on Zn1-xMnxS nanostructures S Saravanakumar, D Sivaganesh, KSS Ali, MC Robert, MP Rani, ... Physica B: Condensed Matter 545, 134-140 , 2018 2018 Citations: 28
Growth and local structure analysis of ZnS nanoparticles R Saravanan, S Saravanakumar, S Lavanya Physica B: Condensed Matter (Elsevier) 405 (17), 3700-3703 , 2010 2010 Citations: 27
High resolution electron density distribution determination for GaAs and CdTe T Kajitani, R Saravanan, Y Ono, K Ohno, M Isshiki Journal of crystal growth (Elsevier) 229 (1), 130-136 , 2001 2001 Citations: 27
Origin of ferroelectricity in orthorhombic LuFeO3 Ujjal Chowdhury, Sudipta Goswami, Amritendu Roy, Shailendra Rajput, A. K ... PHYSICAL REVIEW B 100 (195116 (2019)), 195116 , 2019 2019 Citations: 24
Structure of Vanadium-Doped Zinc Oxide, Zn1–XV x O T Akilan, N Srinivasan, R Saravanan, P Chowdury Materials and Manufacturing Processing (Elsevier) 29 (7), 780-788 , 2014 2014 Citations: 24
Structural, magnetic and charge-related properties of nano-sized cerium manganese oxide, a dilute magnetic oxide semiconductor S Saravanakumar, S Sasikumar, S Israel, GR Pradhiba, R Saravanan Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing (Elsevier) 17, 186-193 , 2014 2014 Citations: 24
A study of charge density distribution and enhanced electrochemical properties of zinc cobaltite/polyaniline nanocomposite for supercapacitor application V Shanmugavalli, OV Saravanan, K Vishista, R Saravanan Ionics 25 (9), 4393-4408 , 2019 2019 Citations: 23
GRANT DETAILS
Research Projects By Dr. R. Saravanan
1. NRB (DRDO)
Preparation, Characterization And Local Structure Of New Lead Free Piezo Ceramics
Funded By DRDO(Naval Research Board Of DRDO, Govt. Of India)
Duration - 3 Years-Completed
2. UGC
Oxide Based Dilute Magnetic Materials – Synthesis And Local Structural Characterization
Funded ByUGC (University Grants Commission, India)
Duration - 3 Years-Completed
3. CSIR
Bulk Growth And X-Ray Characterization Of Local Structure In Silicon And Germanium Based Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors
Funded By CSIR(Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research, India)
Duration - 3 Years-Completed
4. CSIR
Thermal Motion Of Core And Valence Electrons, Charge Transfer And MEM [Maximum Entropy Method] Electron Density Distributions In Technologically Important Semiconductors.
Funded By CSIR (Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research, India)
Duration - 3 Years-Completed
RESEARCH OUTPUTS (PATENTS, SOFTWARE, PUBLICATIONS, PRODUCTS)
Asf88win (Other Info)
IUCr reference;
Dataredwin
IUCr reference;
Dremablpwin
IUCr reference;
Reducewin
IUCr reference
Scat771win
IUCr reference;
sfac331win
IUCr reference;
sfac332
IUCr reference;
Sfac333
IUCr reference;
sfac334
IUCr reference;
Grain
IUCr reference;
Pri1d_3_win
FCC
IUCr reference;
BCC (Similar to FCC)
IUCr reference;
KCl ((Similar to NaCl)
IUCr reference;
Diamond (For diamond structures)
IUCr reference;
He has contributed to the teaching community by delivering a software program for the consolidation and maintenanc