Natrayan L
@mechssesaveetha.com
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS Deemed University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Pankaj Dumka, Dhananjay R. Mishra, Bharat Singh, Rishika Chauhan, Md Irfanul Haque Siddiqui, L Natrayan, and Mohd Asif Shah
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Pankaj Dumka, Dhananjay R. Mishra, Bharat Singh, Rishika Chauhan, Mohd. Haque Irfanul Siddiqui, L Natrayan, and Mohd Asif Shah
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AbstractThis research work compares the performance of a conventional solar still (CSS) with a modified CSS (MSS) that uses Plexiglas and jute fabric to increase heat localization and thin-film evaporation. Two solar stills with identical 1 m2 basin areas were designed and constructed using Fiberglass reinforced plastic for experimentation. A heat transfer model based on linear regression was utilized in the theoretical analysis. Performance analysis was determined based on exergy analysis, and a cost per litre was also included in the research work. It was found that the MSS achieved a distillate output 35% higher than the CSS. Also, MSS led to a 45% reduction in the costs of distillate output of water than CSS.
<p>In response to the growing demand for eco-friendly and efficient catalysts in wastewater treatment, this study introduces a novel, biosynthesized silver nanoparticle (AgNP) using leaf extract from Lawsonia inermis, a widely available plant. We employed a unique concentration mixture of 0.015 mg/mL leaf extract and 2.0 mM silver nitrate to achieve optimal results under atmospheric conditions. Comprehensive characterization was conducted through X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. Remarkably, these Lawsonia inermis-synthesized AgNPs (LI-AgNPs) demonstrated superior catalytic degradation of organic pollutants, such as 4-nitrophenol, methylene blue, eosin yellow, and methyl orange. Among them, 4-nitrophenol was reduced most efficiently, following pseudo-first order kinetics. The LI-AgNPs exhibited unprecedented catalytic potential, evidenced by a sharp decline in methyl orange absorption and the emergence of a new hydrazine compound signal at 280 nm. With a catalytic loading as low as 0.2 mg/mL, we achieved an astounding 82.5% dye removal. This innovative approach advances the field of environmental remediation</p>
Abhishek Anand, Renuga A P Verayiah, Muhamad Mansor, Tengku Juhana Tengku Hasim, Amritanshu Shukla, Hitesh Panchal, Atul Sharma, Natrayan L., and Abhinav Kumar
Elsevier BV
Ramaswamy R, Kaliappan S, Natrayan L, and Pravin P. Patil
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
L. Natrayan
IGI Global
This research introduces a novel approach using cyber physical systems (CPS) to offer timely interventions for those susceptible to heart attacks. Capitalizing on the advancements in micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS), a cost-effective, compact wireless system is proposed. This system continuously tracks the patient's ECG, relaying data to a control mechanism via a wearable wireless gadget. If the system identifies any cardiac irregularities, it activates a built-in response feature and simultaneously sends an alert to the caregiver's mobile. The integration of energy efficient Zigbee technology ensures a dependable and efficient communication pathway, aiming to enhance cardiac treatment outcomes and reduce associated mortality rates.
P. E. Bharath Kumar and Natrayan Lakshmaiya
AIP Publishing
J. Arun and Natrayan Lakshmaiya
AIP Publishing
G. Shiva Kumar and L. Natrayan
AIP Publishing
Kapil Surani, Natrayan L, Md Irfanul Haque Siddiqui, Abhinav Kumar, Mohd Asif shah, and Intesaaf Ashraf
AIP Publishing
In the present era, the concept of Industry 4.0 plays a significant part in improving the efficiency, quality, and utilization of resources by automation and enabling intelligent operations in manufacturing processes. As a result, there is a requirement to develop an environment that improves efficiency as well as quality in order to accomplish net zero in manufacturing. The objective of powder mixed electric discharge machining (PMEDM) is to enhance the quality of the surface and machining efficiency of traditional electrical discharge machining. The PMEDM method was applied to TZM-molybdenum superalloy in the present investigation by incorporating silicon carbide particles into the dielectric medium. Powder concentration, peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time, and gap voltage were the considered input variables for the investigation. The impacts of the input variables on the surface of the specimen’s roughness and the rate of material removal (MRR) were examined. The experiment model was built using response surface methodology. To find out if the input factors were significant with regard to each response, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. Powder concentration, pulse current, gap voltage, and pulse on time are found to be the important input variables for both surface roughness and MRR based on ANOVA analysis.
Mohan Kumar Anand Raj, Rajasekar Rathanasamy, Parameshwaran Rathinasamy, Suresh Muthusamy, Md Irfanul Haque Siddiqui, Natrayan L, Jayant Giri, and Mohd Asif Shah
AIP Publishing
Natural fiber-based composites demonstrate excellent and comparable static and dynamic mechanical properties to conventional materials, such as steel and aluminum. They also extend their applications to aeronautical, sports equipment, and marine fields. This experimental study aims to find the effect of untreated and treated Abaca-reinforced epoxy composites on the viscoelastic behavior and the optimum combinations of fiber and resin to produce better bonding efficiency. The different specimens used for this study were pure epoxy, untreated, and chemically treated composite specimens. The four weight percentages of Abaca fibers are 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% used to prepare composite specimens. Similarly, four different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt. %/vol. %, have been used for the chemical treatment of fibers. The storage modulus of Abaca-reinforced epoxy composite specimen has been investigated with respect to temperature and fiber content. The result shows that the 30% weight fraction of fibers with chemically (8 wt. %/vol. %) treated fiber-reinforced epoxy specimen produces 41.67% higher storage modulus than the 10% weight fraction of fibers content of composite specimens. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) broad transmittance has been used to distinguish the raw and chemically treated fibers. FTIR results reveal the removal of functional groups after NaOH treatment.
Balaji Vasudevan, Lenin Nagarajan, Natrayan L, Alagar Karthick, Siva Kumar Mahalingam, Chander Prakash, Choon Kit Chan, Hitesh Panchal, and Md Irfanul Haque Siddiqui
Elsevier BV
Hui Wang, Narayanan Jayasankar, Tamilanban Thamaraikani, Patrik Viktor, Mohamed Mohany, Salim S. Al-Rejaie, Hasan Khalid Alammar, Enaam Anad, Farah Alhili, Sinan F. Hussein,et al.
Elsevier BV
S. Kaliappan and L. Natrayan
SAE International
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This research looks at the acoustic and mechanical characteristics of polypropylene (PP) composites supplemented with natural fibers to determine whether they are appropriate for automotive use. To generate composites that are hybrids, four diverse natural fibers, including Calotropis gigantea (CGF), jute, sisal, and kenaf, were mixed into PP matrices. The study examines how fiber type, frequency, and thickness affect sound absorption and mechanical strength. The results show that these natural fiber-reinforced composites have improved mechanical characteristics, with CGF (73.26 shore D value of Hardness), sisal (42.35 MPa tensile) and jute fibers showing particularly promising materials. Furthermore, the acoustic study emphasizes these materials’ frequency-dependent sound absorption properties, with particular efficacy in mid-frequency regions. Such organic reinforcement fiber materials’ acoustic performance is tested at 5 mm and 10 mm thicknesses. When a 5 mm thick sample is examined, it is clear that the coefficient of sound absorption is continuously less than 0.30 at 500 Hz and climbs to a range around 0.87 and 0.96 at 2000 Hz. Only Calotropis gigantea (CGF) and kenaf fibres show a steady rise in their sound absorption coefficient from 500 Hz to 2000 Hz as the sample thickness increases to 10 mm. This study contributes to developing environmentally friendly and superior materials for future automobile uses by providing helpful insights into the optimal configuration of naturally derived fiber-based composites for sound insulation and reinforcement of frameworks in the automobile industry.</div></div>
S. Kaliappan and L. Natrayan
SAE International
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Due to the increasing demand for lightweight and eco-friendly materials in the automotive sector, alternative fibers like kenaf are gaining attention as potential materials for car components. This study aims to evaluate the impact of fly ash and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanomaterials on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of kenaf fiber-reinforced composites, particularly for automotive applications. Various composites were produced and tested using standard manual fabrication methods for key mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, inter-laminar shear strength, hardness, and impact resistance. Adding kenaf fibers, fly ash, and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanofillers to epoxy composites demonstrated a noticeable improvement in the thermomechanical properties of the resulting material. This enhancement is attributed to improved interfacial bonding and uniform distribution of the nanofillers within the polymer matrix. In our analysis, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanofillers had a more significant impact on the composite's performance than fly ash. A comparative study of different composite formulations revealed that the C-type composite had superior tensile properties, exhibiting a tensile strength of 86.74 MPa and a modulus of 5120.78 MPa. The A-type composite excelled in flexural tests, showing a bending strength of 101.54 MPa and a modulus of 8690.75 MPa. Meanwhile, the B-type composite showcased the highest impact resistance, hardness, and ILSS values, recording 7.51 KJ/m<sup>2</sup> for impact, 69.47 D for hardness, and 29.14 MPa for ILSS. This research indicates that kenaf fiber composites reinforced with fly ash and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanofillers are promising for automotive applications by offering enhanced mechanical and thermomechanical performance.</div></div>
L. Natrayan, Kaliappan Seeniappan, and G. Vanya Sree
SAE International
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The automobile industry is searching for materials that offer superior mechanical and thermal properties. With this objective, the current study delves into the potential advantages of integrating nanofillers into hybrid composite structures tailored for vehicle applications. The investigation employed Kevlar fiber, a renowned material in vehicular composites, and reinforced it with an epoxy matrix, crafting a nanocomposite surface. This method was paralleled by incorporating nanoparticle-infused resin into the Kevlar fiber. The concentration of nano clay within the epoxy resin was adjusted across different weight percentages: 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. Both composite and nanomaterial panels were meticulously crafted using the hand layup method post-curing. The outcome was enlightening: the tensile strength of the clay/epoxy/Kevlar composite surged by 10.54% at the 7.5 wt% clay concentration. This enhancement, however, saw a decline in higher clay incorporations. The study also unveiled that the elastic modulus of these hybrid composites resonated better performance at reduced clay levels, peaking impressively at 381.47 MPa and 9.14 GPa for the 7.5 wt% variant. The same clay concentration bore witness to a zenith in flexural strength and modulus, registering 421.58 MPa and 15.01 GPa remarkable 13.15% upsurge when juxtaposed against the baseline Kevlar mix. Notably, the Interlaminar shear strength for this composition reached 96.21 MPa, overshooting the baseline Kevlar by 23%. However, shifting to a 10% clay mix reduced the interlaminar shear strength to 61.94 MPa, marking a 9% decrease from the baseline. Thermally, the composite showcased optimal stability at the lower clay concentrations from 0°C to 180°C. SEM imaging further buttressed these findings, highlighting that a 7.5% clay-enriched hybrid composite possessed distinct and advantageous surface features, making it a promising candidate for next-generation vehicle applications.</div></div>
S. Kaliappan and L. Natrayan
SAE International
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">With the evolving demand in the automobile industry for lightweight and sustainable components, the study of natural fiber composites has gained significance. Such fibers are economically efficient and offer advantageous weight-specific properties. Additionally, they are non-abrasive and environmentally degradable, marking them as viable alternatives to conventional automobile materials. This research emphasizes the flax-based composite, developed using the hand lay-up method and augmented with three distinct graphene nanofillers. The graphene fillers are categorized as large nanorods (dimensions 3-5 nm, lengths 150-300 nm), small nano threads (dimensions 6-12 nm, lengths under 50 nm), and spherical particulates (dimensions 29-39 nm). Reinforcement was consistently maintained at 2%, 4%, and 6% by weight. The results indicate that a 4 wt.% inclusion of spherical graphene nanoparticles is particularly effective in enhancing the ultimate tensile strength and fracture elongation of the epoxy matrix, registering improvements of 10% and 29% respectively. Reinforcements with all graphene variants noted an augmentation in the quasi-static toughness of the composites. Interestingly, a 6 wt.% infusion of the large graphene rod boosted the conductivity of the epoxy matrix by 52%. Thermal conductivity evaluations of the composite, integrated with different graphene configurations, recorded enhancements ranging from 0.22 W/mK to 0.286 W/mK at a 2 wt.% graphene concentration. At an elevated 4 wt.% graphene addition, the small rod-shaped fillers demonstrated an impressive 59.6% enhancement over the flax/epoxy baseline, while the larger rod and spherical graphene nanoparticles showcased a 22.14% enhancement. This study underscores the potential of graphene-augmented flax/epoxy composites as promising materials for automobile parts.</div></div>
L. Natrayan and Kaliappan Seeniappan
SAE International
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Vehicle occupant protection remains a critical concern in the field of crashworthiness technology. When integrated into polymer nanocomposites, natural fibres like sisal offer a high strength-to-weight ratio that can contribute to effective energy absorption during collisions. However, these fibers present challenges, such as poor hydrophilicity and moisture retention. This study employs compression molding techniques to create hybrid composites of sisal fibers, epoxy, and titanium oxide nano fillers. We particularly investigate how fiber orientation and the concentration of nano fillers can optimize mechanical and thermal properties, thereby enhancing occupant protection features. Our findings demonstrate that the orientation of sisal fibers and the incorporation of titanium oxide nano fillers in the epoxy matrix significantly influence the composite's mechanical and thermal characteristics. Composites reinforced with continuous sisal fibers exhibited an 11%-18% increase in impact strength compared to those with randomized fibers. Additionally, a 3% improvement in hardness was recorded for the same comparison. In the context of nano fillers, 8 wt.% of titanium oxide added to woven sisal fibers resulted in a peak tensile strength of 81.25 MPa. When 6 wt.% was added to woven sisal fibers, the composite reached an impact strength of 31.58 J and showed enhanced hardness properties. These improvements in mechanical properties are particularly crucial for energy absorption and dispersion, key factors in occupant protection during vehicular crashes. Interestingly, the density of composites was notably lower with 2 wt% TiO<sub>2</sub> compared to those with 4 wt% TiO<sub>2</sub>, a factor attributed to the high-density nature of the nanoparticles.</div></div>
L. Natrayan, S. K. Ashok, Seeniappan Kaliappan, and Pankaj Kumar
SAE International
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Researchers have chosen to study natural fibers instead of synthetic fibers since low-cost and ecologically favorable materials are required. The present research concentrates on the mechanical characteristics of epoxy composites reinforced with bamboo and bagasse fibers. The hybrids were created using four different ratios of bamboo/bagasse fibers, then hand-laid up. The material characteristics of the generated composites, including tension, bending, impacts, and Shore D hardness measurements, were assessed. The scanning electron microscopy technique was used to study morphology. Three levels of bamboo and a core network of bamboo fibers in composites were assumed to generate superior qualities. The core layer of bamboo and an outer layer typically characterized by sugarcane composites have enhanced flexural strength and Shore D toughness because of the bamboo layer at the center. The results of the microstructural investigations showed no pores or cracks, which improved the bending and toughness properties.</div></div>
L. Natrayan, Seeniappan Kaliappan, N. Balaji, and V. Mahesh
SAE International
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Automobile parts often require materials that offer high strength and durability. With the continuous push for environmentally friendly solutions, natural fibers such as jute have emerged as a potential alternative for synthetic fibers in automobile components. In this study, we aim to enhance the properties of jute fibers by coating them with different polymers and assessing their suitability for automotive applications. We treated jute fibers with various polymers—low-density polyethylene, polyester, and araldite epoxy. The performance of these treated fibers was compared using fiber tensile experimentation, differential calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical evaluation. Our findings reveal that the treated jute fibers exhibit a tensile strength of 598 MPa. However, when coated with polymers, there’s a variance in strength: polyethylene (263 MPa), polyester (191 MPa), and epoxy (281 MPa). Among these, epoxy-coated fibers displayed the least tensile strength, while polyethylene-coated jute fibers recorded the highest. A noteworthy observation is the lower dispersion value for the polyethylene-coated jute fiber, attributed to the penetration of polyethylene liquid into the jute fiber pores. In conclusion, modifying jute fibers using different polymers can enhance their mechanical properties, making them a viable option for automobile components.</div></div>
L. Natrayan, H. Mohammed Ali, T. Mothilal, and Vinay Reddy
SAE International
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In regions with hot and humid climatic conditions, lightweight cotton textiles such as lawns, are famous for clothing and being explored for use in automobile interiors. Specifically, there’s an interest in these fabrics for car seat covers, interior roof linings, and door trims. Textiles must balance weight and durability for automotive applications to ensure passenger comfort while withstanding regular wear and tear. This study assesses cotton fabrics’ wear and mechanical performance with densities between 40 and 60 g/m<sup>2</sup>, produced using yarn counts of 70, 60, and 40 Ne. The objective was to determine the optimal fabric parameters for creating automotive spare parts that are both durable and comfortable. Two production strategies were contrasted: coarser yarn counts with fewer warp and weft threads per inch and finer yarn counts with a higher thread density. Findings revealed that fabrics crafted from the coarser yarns, with more irregular warp and weft threads, demonstrated better light transmittance and tear strength, making them potential candidates for sustainable automobile spare parts.</div></div>
Pawan Devidas Meshram, L. Natrayan, N. Balaji, and Vinay Reddy
SAE International
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Bamboo fibers were used as reinforcement in hardened epoxy mixes altered with ethoxylated soybean oil (ESO) to enhance the mechanical and thermal qualities. Compared to a bio-based epoxy mix, the tensile strength and modulus of the laminate with 20% bamboo fiber were higher. During thermogravity analysis (TGA) evaluation, it was discovered that the rate of deterioration peak had been moved to a warmer temperature, indicating improved thermal durability of the aggregate over the base material. The dynamic mechanical evaluation of the bio-based composite anticipated increased storage modulus and greater glass transition temperatures. High fiber–matrix adherence was visible in scanning electron morphology (SEM). Measurements of the interfacial adhesion demonstrate the hydrophilicity of the bio-based reinforced composites. The binding and effective insemination of fibers is responsible for the fiber-reinforced composite’s durability. Higher rigidity and durability were generated because the lignocellulosic biomass adhered well to the low-viscosity resin. Moreover, research on adherence in composite materials reveals that the interfaces of composite materials with bamboo fibers are becoming more hydrophilic. Sufficient mechanical hardness, stiffness, and durability are realized for automobile and industrial purposes.</div></div>
Avinash Malladi, Seeniappan Kaliappan, L. Natrayan, and V. Mahesh
SAE International
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In the quest for sustainable materials for automotive interior trim, jute fiber is gaining traction due to its characteristics, which align with other renowned natural fibers. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate as a treatment for jute fibers in comparison to conventional alkaline treatments. Both treated and untreated fibers were examined. Results showed that alkali-processed fibers demonstrated enhanced crystallization, thermal resistance, and surface quality relative to untreated ones. Specifically, alkali-treated jute fibers exhibited a degradation onset at 261.23°C, while those treated with sodium bicarbonate began degrading at 246.32°C. Untreated fibers had a degradation onset at 239.25°C. Although both treatments improved the thermal stability of the fiber, sodium bicarbonate processing, while beneficial, was slightly less effective than the traditional alkaline method. Overall, the research underscores the potential of sodium bicarbonate as an alternative treatment for fibrous materials, even if its efficacy is somewhat lesser than traditional methods. The findings offer insights into optimizing jute fiber for automotive interior trim applications.</div></div>
Arvinda Pandian, Seeniappan Kaliappan, L. Natrayan, and Vinay Reddy
SAE International
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In pursuing enhanced bio-composite properties, filler materials play a pivotal role. This study delves into the impact of ceramic additives on the chemical resistance and moisture durability of flax fiber-reinforced polymers. Utilizing the hand lay-up technique, we developed polyester composites reinforced with flax fibers. Silicon carbide (SiC) and aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) were chosen as filler components. One batch of flax fibers underwent an alkaline treatment to enhance their properties further using a 5% NaOH solution. The resistance of composite samples to acetic acid and sodium hydroxide was then assessed. Additionally, the moisture absorption patterns of all models were investigated. A thorough comparative analysis was conducted among multiple composite batches. The results highlighted that integrating additives significantly bolstered the chemical and moisture resistance of the composites. Notably, the alkali-treated samples exhibited superior moisture and chemical agent resistance compared to their untreated counterparts.</div></div>
K. Archana, A.S. Visckram, P. Senthil Kumar, S. Manikandan, A. Saravanan, and L. Natrayan
Elsevier BV