Isolation and expression of terminal flower1 (TFL1) gene in clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Ireng Darwati, Tri Joko Santoso, Agus Rachmat, Agus Sutanto, Nurliani Bermawie, Atmitri Sisharmini, Rudi Suryadi, Devi Rusmin, Octivia Trisilawati, R. Vitri Garvita, Muchamad Yusron, Suryani Suryani, Tika Anggraeni BMC Research Notes, 2026 Syzygium aromaticum L. is a tropical tree valued for aromatic buds that occur at the branch tips directly affecting yield. The molecular mechanisms of flowering regulation in clove, especially as the role of the TERMINAL FLOWER 1 ( TFL1 ) gene, are poorly understood. Most research has emphasized morphology and environmental factors cues, leaving a significant gap in knowledge for improving productivity through breeding. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the S. aromaticum TFL1 ( SaTFL1 ) gene and analyze its expression across different developmental stages. DNA and RNA were extracted from first young leaves of both vegetative (VG) and generative (GG) phase plants, successfully amplifying and sequencing the gene. Gene expression using Reverse Transcriptase PCR on cDNAs derived from both tissue types through comprehensive analysis, including BLAST and phylogenetic studies. Our results revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of the partial SaTFL1 has high identity (86.70% to 98.11%) and similarity (96.22% to 100%) with TFL1/CEN2 proteins from 15 other plant species. SaTFL1 expression was only found in vegetative tissues but not in generative tissues. The absence of SaTFL1 expression in generative tissues suggests its key role in promoting vegetative growth and regulating phase transitions. This study is the first to isolate and analyze TFL1 expression in clove, highlighting its potential function in flowering regulation and improving clove productivity.
Optimising Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Seedling Growth with the Synergistic Effects of Seaweed Waste Media and Beneficial Microbes Application Devi Rusmin, Ireng Darwati, Jamal Basmal, Octivia Trisilawati, Rinta Kusumawati, Rudi Suryadi, Melati, Muchamad Yusron, Eliza Mayura, Raden Vitri Garvita, Herwita Idris Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 2026 In pepper cultivation, seed quality is the main factor affecting plant productivity. The study aims to determine the best composition of seaweed waste seedling media and the mycorrhizal application to enhance pepper seedling growth in the nursery. The study used a Completely Randomised Factorial design and four replications. The first factor is the composition of seedling media: (1) Control (soil + manure), (2) Seaweed waste seedling media without microbes, (3) Seaweed waste seedling media + microbes. The second factor is mycorrhizal application: (1) with mycorrhizal application, (2) without mycorrhizal. The research findings indicate that the application of mycorrhizal fungi across three types of seedling media, including standard operating procedure (SOP), non-microbial seaweed, and seaweed with microbes, can enhance pepper seedling growth, chlorophyll content, mycorrhizal infection in roots, and nutrient levels in the seedling media. There is a synergistic effect among microbial consortia, with the addition of mycorrhizae improving pepper seedling growth. Seaweed waste media combined with microbial consortia and applied with mycorrhizae is recommended as an adequate soil substitute for enhancing pepper seedling growth.
Phytochemical profile of native wild plants of Central Kalimantan with potential use for the development of functional foods and sustainable dietary interventions Hastin Ernawati Nur Chusnul Chotimah, Wijantri Kusumadati, Kambang Vetrani Asie, Silvani Permatasari, Ahmad Faizal, Ireng Darwati Scientia Agropecuaria, 2025 The study investigates the phytochemical profiles of selected wild local vegetables in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, assesing their potential health benefits in addressing nutritional deficienfies prevalent in the region. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on key metabolites, including phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, alkaloids, phytosterol, terpenoid, saponin, and glucosinolates. The vegetables examined in this study included Solanum torvum, Cnesmone javanica, Gymnopetalum cochinense, Stenochlaena palustris, Helminthostachys zeylanica, Nauclea orientalis, Neptunia oleraceae, Crinum sp, Etlingera elatior, Calamus sp, Solanum ferox, Colocasia esculenta, Diplazium esculentum, and Rorippa indica. Using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, the total phenolic content in the ethanolic extract ranged from 107.20 to 7393.10 mg GAE 100 g-1. Total flavonoids varied from 27.17-1163.82 mg QE 100g-1 fresh weight. Carotenoids, alkaloids, phytosterols, terpenoid, saponin ranging from 1.273-1448.80 mg 100g-1, 78.94-1061.67 mg 100g-1, 168.33-4926.67 mg 100g-1, 914.44-15503.33 mg 100g-1, respectively. Additionally, saponins and glucosinolates were found in concentrations ranging from 1742.22 to 19164.44 mg 100g-1, and 92.4 to 4726.52 mg 100g-1, respectively. N. orientalis, N.oleracea, and R.indica showed strong potential as functional foods duet o their high levels of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds. R. indica and D. esculentum stand out for their rich carotenoid. Additionally, the substantial amounts of phytosterols, saponins, glucosinolates, and terpenoids in N. oleracea, H. zeylanica, R. indica, and D. esculentum. Linking phytochemicals to health supports targeted diets for vurnerable groups, strengthened through diverse local vegetables and culturally adapted functional food products.
Integrating SEM-PLS and NCA to reveal the mediating role of leaf nutrient status in linking soil nutrient availability and oil palm yield in peatlands Ireng Darwati, Muchamad Yusron, Joko Purnomo, Rudi Suryadi, Devi Rusmin, Octivia Trisilawati, Edi Yatno, Joko Pitono, Muhammad Syakir, Eni Fidiyawati, Rr Sri Hartati Scientia Agropecuaria, 2025 The expansion of oil palm plantations into peatlands presents a critical area of study, particularly in understanding how nutrient dynamics and groundwater management influence oil palm yield. This research was conducted on smallholder oil palm plantations comprising 8–10-year-old palms cultivated on peat soils in Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. A completely randomized block design was used, incorporating three groundwater table treatments: A. 40 cm, B. 60 cm, and C. 80 cm. Fertilizer application rates were as follows: urea at 2.50 kg/tree/year, SP-36 at 2.75 kg/tree/year, MOP (KCl) at 2.25 kg/tree/year, and dolomite at 2.00 kg/tree/year. Data analysis utilized a combination of Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). The results showed that nutrient dynamics, indicated by leaf nutrient content, are the key driver connecting soil nutrient availability with oil palm yield. This finding emphasizes the importance of monitoring and managing nutrient flows through the plant to optimize fertilization strategies and improve yield performance. The combined use of SEM-PLS and NCA provides a robust analytical framework for understanding yield formation and developing nutrient management strategies for oil palm cultivation on peatlands.
Spicy level determination on chili-based food products by electrochemical capsaicin detection Arum Kurnia Sari, Dian Muzdalifah, Sri Koerniati, Hasim Munawar, Y U Media, April Hari Wardhana, Ireng Darwati, Msartin Peacock Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2025 Capsaicinoids are a group of chemicals that give chili peppers their characteristic pungency, with capsaicin being a significant contributor. Accurately measuring capsaicinoid content is crucial for assessing the quality of chili-based food products. Herein, the spicy level of chili-based food products was measured using an electrochemical detection tool, an Android-based FoodSense G4 (FsG4). In this study, the robust evaluation was examined to investigate the accuracy and precision of this commercial sensor. The oil- and water-based capsaicin standard solutions were diluted in buffer solutions with specific ratios and dropped onto the sensor chip connected to the FsG4 reader. The content of capsaicin was measured six times. An Android mobile phone and Djuli software were employed to record the Scoville Heat Unit (SHU) and cyclic voltammogram. As a result, the accuracy and precision were outstanding, 98–116% and 90–99%, respectively, from both standard solutions. The results showed acceptable repeatability, and the recoveries indicated good accuracy for this method. The ten local and five imported food products were tested without traditional laboratory equipment. The highest and lowest SHU were both from imported food products, 19130 and 377, respectively. Besides the spicy level data, the correlation between the percentage of chili and SHU was investigated, although further studies were needed. Even though the FsG4 tool needs improvement, this sensor could be helpful in obtaining capsaicin-related pungency values, making it highly suitable for commercial quality assessment of chili-based products.
Optimization of Biochar Production from Lemongrass Solid Waste at Different Pyrolysis Temperatures Eliza Mayura, Irfan Suliansyah, Herviyanti Herviyanti, Ireng Darwati, Devi Rusmin, Rudi Suryadi, Octivia Trisilawati, Melati, Bambang Hariyanto, Amsar Maulana, Hidayatuz Zu’amah, Muchamad Yusron, R. Vitri Garvita International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics, 2025 The waste from refining lemongrass oil has not been utilized properly.The potential waste produced can reach 2-3 tons per week.This waste optimization is carried out to reduce the impact of environmental pollution by converting waste into biochar using a pyrolysis process.This research aims to examine the chemical characteristics of biochar from lemongrass solid waste using a pyrolysis process at different temperatures.This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications.The pyrolysis process was carried out at temperatures 200, 250, 300, and 350 for 60 minutes.Pyrolysis temperature significantly affects yield, proximate composition, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic C, and total N.At a temperature of 200, the pyrolysis process produced functional groups and carbon minerals, as well as the highest yield of 26.57% (char) compared to other temperatures, and nutrient composition of 8.89% C, 1.37% N, 9.04% P, 31.09%K, 8.98% S, 33.41% Ca, 4.30% Cl, 1.08% Mn, 2.10% Fe, and 7.35% Si.Lemongrass waste has the potential to be used as biochar for soil ameliorants.Biochar has been shown to have the potential for sustainable agricultural practices and contribute to waste management and environmental sustainability.
Agrarian conditions Ireng Darwati, Rudi Suryadi, Muchamad Yusron, Devi Rusmin, Octivia Trisilawati, Nurliani Bermawie, R. Vitri Garvita Compendium of Clove Navigating Agriculture Chemistry Processing and Health Benefits, 2024 Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is an indigenous spice plant from Indonesia, a significant spice crop, is cultivated by smallholder farmers in tropical areas with suitable climates, with onset of rainfall and a maximum dry season of two months at the initiation of flowering, high humidity, optimal altitude of 300–600 above sea level, and suitable soil conditions such as drainage and a soil solum of at least two meters. Clove cultivation requires Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) to optimize sustainability, quality, and productivity due to cross-pollinated plants with a terminal flowering type; therefore, flowering plants depend on a group of meristematic cells in the shoot apex to form new shoot buds and then form the initiation of flowering. Those can cause cloves to fluctuate every 2–4 years if the nutrient supply is not optimal. GAP cultivation techniques include site selection, preparation, plant material origin, vegetative propagation, seed and scion handling, and nutrient management maintenance. Maintaining the quality of clove crops is crucial for sustainable productivity. Understanding agricultural conditions following GAP is essential. The productivity and resilience of the clove farming system will increase through continuous study and application of the latest techniques, significantly helping farmers’ incomes and the sustainability of the international spice market.
Exploring the potential of Ulva Lactuca: Emerging extraction methods, bioactive compounds, and health applications – A perspective review Nicky Rahmana Putra, Sofa Fajriah, Lailatul Qomariyah, Ariyanti S. Dewi, Dwila Nur Rizkiyah, Irianto Irianto, Devi Rusmin, Melati Melati, Ni Wayan Trisnawati, Ireng Darwati, Nyoman Ngurah Arya South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2024 Ulva lactuca, commonly known as sea lettuce, is a green seaweed species that has attracted significant attention due to its remarkable potential as a prolific source of bioactive compounds. This comprehensive review explores the various extraction techniques harnessed to isolate these bioactive compounds from Ulva Lactuca while shedding light on the diverse health applications these compounds encompass. Within the review, considerable emphasis is placed on detailing the plethora of bioactive compounds inherent to Ulva lactuca, spanning polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, pigments, minerals, and vitamins. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the potential health benefits of these bioactive constituents is provided, encompassing their roles in antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory properties, cardiovascular health, neuroprotection, and skin health enhancement. Addressing the broader scope of this review, significant attention is given to the challenges that currently permeate this field of research, including issues related to sustainability, standardization of extraction processes, formulation strategies, and avenues for further exploration. This examination culminates in the realization that Ulva Lactuca is a promising and versatile reservoir of bioactive ingredients, potentially revolutionising various industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Consequently, the future promises exciting prospects for the continued exploration and exploitation of Ulva Lactuca's wealth of bioactive compounds.
Isolation and expression of terminal flower1 (TFL1) gene in clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) I Darwati, TJ Santoso, A Rachmat, A Sutanto, N Bermawie, A Sisharmini, ... BMC Research Notes 19 (1), 4 , 2026 2026
Optimizing production of black pepper cuttings: insights from pole implementation and combined fertigation with retained tendrils D Rusmin, M Melati, R Suryadi, I Darwati, J Pitono, O Trisilawati Vegetos, 1-9 , 2026 2026
Towards efficient callus induction in rubber tree clones PB 260: the role of basal media H Khairiyah, SI Aisyah, I Darwati, D Dinarty, Karyanti, JI Royani IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1616 (1), 012051 , 2026 2026
Optimising Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Seedling Growth with the Synergistic Effects of Seaweed Waste Media and Beneficial Microbes Application D Rusmin, I Darwati, J Basmal, O Trisilawati, R Kusumawati, R Suryadi, ... Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci 49 (1), 183-200 , 2026 2026
Integrating SEM-PLS and NCA to reveal the mediating role of leaf nutrient status in linking soil nutrient availability and oil palm yield in peatlands. I Darwati, M Yusron, J Purnomo, R Suryadi, D Rusmin, O Trisilawati, ... Scientia Agropecuaria 17 (1) , 2026 2026
Spicy level determination on chili-based food products by electrochemical capsaicin detection AK Sari, D Muzdalifah, S Koerniati, H Munawar, YU Media, AH Wardhana, ... IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1460 (1), 012060 , 2025 2025
Soil nutrient alterations and bacterial community shifts in media amended with black soldier fly larval frass: A metagenomic approach I Darwati, RCB Ginting, M Yusron, AH Wardhana, GA Sopha, O Trisilawati, ... 2025
Optimization of Biochar Production from Lemongrass Solid Waste at Different Pyrolysis Temperatures E Mayura, I Suliansyah, H Herviyanti, I Darwati, D Rusmin, R Suryadi, ... Journal homepage: http://iieta. org/journals/ijdne 20 (1), 1-8 , 2025 2025
Agrarian Conditions I Darwati, R Suryadi, M Yusron, D Rusmin, O Trisilawati, N Bermawie, ... Compendium of Clove, 50-70 , 2024 2024
The Potential of Natural Plant Growth Regulators to Increase Vigor and Growth of Seeds Clove Melati, NLW Meilawati, D Rusmin, S Wahyuni, I Darwati National Academy Science Letters 47 (4), 355-359 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Exploring the potential of Ulva Lactuca: Emerging extraction methods, bioactive compounds, and health applications-A perspective review NR Putra, S Fajriah, L Qomariyah, AS Dewi, DN Rizkiyah, I Irianto, ... South African Journal of Chemical Engineering 47 (1), 233-245 , 2024 2024 Citations: 66
Electronic morphology of acrylamide in roasted coffee products by cyclic voltammetry H Munawar, Harmoko, B Yarsi, A Rakhmawati, LAL Fernandes, I Darwati, ... AIP Conference Proceedings 2586 (1), 070009 , 2023 2023
Influence of rootstock age and gibberellin on the survival rate of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr. & Perr.) grafting I Darwati, R Suryadi, N Bermawie, O Trisilawati, D Rusmin, S Wahyuni, ... Turkish Journal of Botany 47 (6), 556-566 , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Effectiveness of Mycorrhiza to the Growth and Essential Oil Content of Eucalyptus citriodora seedling O Trisilawati, I Darwati, H Kuntyastuti, RV Garvita, E Fidiyawati BIO Web of Conferences 69, 01001 , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Efficacy of Eucalyptus citriodora and Syzygium aromaticum essential oil as insecticidal, antiovipositant, and fumigant against Callosobruchus maculatus F (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) A Kardinan, P Maris, I Darwati, Z Mustapha, N Ngah Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 55 (1), 11670 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
Oviposition decision in the Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on different types of legumes. P Maris, A Kardinan, I Darwati, N Ngah 2022 Citations: 1
Effect of light intensity on the growth and production of rodent tuber ( Thyponium flageliforme (Lodd.) Bl.) R Suryadi, RA Permadi, ER Pribadi, O Trisilawati, I Darwati IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 974 (1), 012002 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Flowering induction of clove to reduce its yield fluctuation by using a plant growth regulator D Rusmin, I Darwati, H Nurhayati, Setiawan, ER Pribadi IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 974 (1), 012019 , 2022 2022
In vitro mutagenesis of pruacan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk): effect of chemical mutagen EMS and lethal dose determination N Ajijah, I Darwati IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 782 (4), 042049 , 2021 2021 Citations: 1
Developing in vitro selection methods to high temperature stress in pruacan and cacao N Ajijah, I Darwati, MSD Ibrahim IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 724 (1), 012083 , 2021 2021 Citations: 2
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Pengaruh pemberian GA3 pada berbagai konsentrasi dan lama imbibisi terhadap peningkatan viabilitas benih purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) D Rusmin, FC Suwarno, I Darwati Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 17 (3), 89-94 , 2011 2011.0 Citations: 90
Exploring the potential of Ulva Lactuca: Emerging extraction methods, bioactive compounds, and health applications-A perspective review NR Putra, S Fajriah, L Qomariyah, AS Dewi, DN Rizkiyah, I Irianto, ... South African Journal of Chemical Engineering 47 (1), 233-245 , 2024 2024.0 Citations: 66
Pemanfaatan pupuk hayati (biofertilizer) pada tanaman rempah dan obat A Kartikawati, O Trisilawati, I Darwati Jurnal Prespektif 16 (1), 33-43 , 2017 2017.0 Citations: 49
Status penelitian purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina Molk.) di Indonesia I Darwati, I Roostika Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture , 2006 2006.0 Citations: 33
Morphological characteristics, yield and quality of black pepper Ciinten variety in three agro ecological conditions N Bermawie, S Wahyuni, R Heryanto, I Darwati IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 292 (1), 012065 , 2019 2019.0 Citations: 30
Pengaruh pemberian air kelapa dan frekuensi pemberian terhadap pertumbuhan benih cengkeh E Mayura, N Yudarfis, H Idris, I Darwati Bul Littro 27 (2), 123-128 , 2016 2016.0 Citations: 30
Pengaruh suhu dan media perkecambahan terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih purwoceng untuk menentukan metode pengujian benih D Rusmin, FC Suwarno, I Darwati, S Ilyas Bul. Littro 25 (1), 45-52 , 2014 2014.0 Citations: 29
Genetic variation of the first generation of rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) mutants based on RAPD molecular markers NF SIANIPAR, D Laurent, R Purnamaningsih, I Darwati HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 22 (2), 98-104 , 2015 2015.0 Citations: 27
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of phytochemicals of first generation gamma-irradiated Typhonium flagelliforme lodd. Mutants NF Sianipar, R Purnamaningsih, I Darwati, D Laurent Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering) 78 (10-4) , 2016 2016.0 Citations: 22
Identifikasi komponen kimia aksesi rumput kebar (Biophytum petersianum) asal Papua dan Jawa B Sembiring, I Darwati Bul. Littro 25 (1), 37-44 , 2014 2014.0 Citations: 21
Karakter morfologi dan fisiologi tapak dara (Vinca rosea L.) pada beberapa cekaman air S Sukarman, I Darwati, D Rusmin Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 6 (2), 50 , 2020 2020.0 Citations: 19
Produksi dan mutu simplisia purwoceng berdasarkan lingkungan tumbuh dan umur tanaman M Rahardjo, I Darwati, A Shusena Jurnal Bahan Alam Indonesia 5 (1), 1412-2855 , 2006 2006.0 Citations: 18
Pengaruh cekaman air terhadap produksi dan mutu simplisia tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.) M RAHARDJO, I DARWATI Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 6 (3), 73-79 , 2000 2000.0 Citations: 17
Hernani. 2002 I Darwati, SMD Rasita Respon daun ungu (Graptophyllum pictum L.) terhadap cekaman air. Industrial … , 0 Citations: 17
The effects of gamma irradiation and somaclonal variation on morphology variation of mutant rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.) lines NF Sianipar, R Purnamaningsih, I Darwati, D Laurent KnE Life Sciences 2 (1), 637-645 , 2015 2015.0 Citations: 15
Peran mikroorganisme dalam mendukung pertanian organik H Nurhayati, I Darwati Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pertanian Organik 3, 295-300 , 2014 2014.0 Citations: 15
Pengaruh umur batang bawah terhadap pertumbuhan benih mengkudu tanpa biji hasil grafting M Rahardjo, E Djauharia, I Darwati, SMD Rosita Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat 24 (1), 14-18 , 2013 2013.0 Citations: 14
Penyimpanan in vitro tanaman purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) melalui aplikasi pengenceran media dan paclobutrazol I Roostika, R Purnamaningsih, I Darwati Jurnal Littri 15 (2), 84-90 , 2009 2009.0 Citations: 14
Identification of chemical components of accession of Kebar Grass (Biophytum petersianum) from Papua and Java B Sembiring, I Darwati Obat BPTR dan, editor 25 (1), 37-44 , 2014 2014.0 Citations: 13
Anticancer potential of kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum), an Indonesian traditional medicine I Darwati, A Nurcahyanti, O Trisilawati, H Nurhayati, N Bermawie, M Wink IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 292 (1), 012063 , 2019 2019.0 Citations: 12
