Philip Cardiff

@ucd.ie

Associate Professor, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
University College Dublin



                    

https://researchid.co/philipcaradiff

RESEARCH INTERESTS

finite volume methods; fluid-solid interaction; finite element methods; numerical methods; biomechanics; machine learning

62

Scopus Publications

2236

Scholar Citations

24

Scholar h-index

38

Scholar i10-index

Scopus Publications

  • A Finite Volume Framework for Damage and Fracture Prediction in Wire Drawing
    Andrew Whelan, Tian Tang, Vikram Pakrashi, and Philip Cardiff
    Wiley
    ABSTRACTThis article presents the implementation of the canonical Lemaitre and Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) damage models and a more recent phase‐field type model within a Lagrangian, geometrically nonlinear, cell‐centred finite volume framework. The proposed segregated solution procedure uses Picard‐type defect (deferred) outer corrections, where the primary unknowns are cell‐centre displacements and pressures. Spurious zero‐energy modes (numerical oscillations in displacement and pressure) are avoided by introducing stabilisation (smoothing) diffusion terms to the pressure and momentum equations. Appropriate scaling of the momentum “Rhie–Chow” stabilisation term is shown to be important in regions of plasticity and damage. To accurately predict damage and fracture in wire drawing where hydrostatic pressure is high, novel variants of the Lemaitre model with crack‐closure and triaxiality effects are proposed. The developed methods are validated against the notched round bar and flat notched bar experimental cases and subsequently applied to the analysis of axisymmetric wire drawing. It is shown that the proposed finite volume approach provides a robust basis for predicting damage in wire drawing, where the proposed novel Lemaitre model with crack‐closure effects was shown to be the most suitable for predicting experimentally observed fracture.

  • A finite volume adaptation of beam-to-beam contact interactions implemented for geometrically exact Simo–Reissner beams
    Seevani Bali, Željko Tuković, Philip Cardiff, Alojz Ivanković, and Vikram Pakrashi
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    AbstractThis paper presents an adaption of the finite-element based beam-to-beam contact interactions into a finite volume numerical framework. A previous work of the same authors, where a cell-centred based finite volume implementation of geometrically exact nonlinear Simo–Reissner beams was developed, is used as an underlying mathematical model. An implicit contact procedure is developed for both point-to-point and line-to-line beam frictionless contact interactions, and is implemented using the cell-centred finite volume method. To enforce the contact constraint, both penalty method and augmented-Lagrangian based techniques are used. A total of six numerical benchmark cases for point and line beam-to-beam contact interactions based on the finite element method are used to verify the numerical results, accuracy and robustness of the developed contact procedure.

  • Offshore renewable energies: A review towards Floating Modular Energy Islands—Monitoring, Loads, Modelling and Control
    Enzo Marino, Michaela Gkantou, Abdollah Malekjafarian, Seevani Bali, Charalampos Baniotopoulos, Jeroen van Beeck, Ruben Paul Borg, Niccoló Bruschi, Philip Cardiff, Eleni Chatzi,et al.
    Elsevier BV


  • Investigation on aeroelasticity of morphing wing through dynamic response and virtual structural damping
    Smail Boughou, Ivan Batistić, Ashraf Omar, Philip Cardiff, Daniel J. Inman, and Radouan Boukharfane
    AIP Publishing
    This study employs a high-fidelity numerical approach to simulate fluid–structure interaction phenomena for the dynamic response of flexible hyperelastic morphing wing structures under low aerodynamic loads. The computations are performed using the open-source solids4Foam toolbox, employing a partitioned two-way fluid–structure interaction approach with a finite volume solver for both fluid and solid. The considered morphing wing is divided into a flexible and a rigid segment, with the flexible segment featuring a 60% chord length and being made of a hyperelastic rubber-like material. The concept of damping is incorporated into the solid momentum balance equation as a virtual force that opposes the velocity of the structure. Damping is employed to disperse energy from the system, hence mitigating the oscillations and reducing computational time. To understand morphing wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity behavior, a series of tests are conducted at low and medium Reynolds numbers, specifically 2×105 and 5×105. The results show that, for low Reynolds number, the morphing structure has a negligible impact on aerodynamic behavior. However, at higher Reynolds numbers, morphing results in improved aerodynamic efficiency at low angles of attack. Overall, the study highlights the aero-structural behavior of hyperelastic morphing wings and their potential for developing efficient and adaptive wing structures, highlighting their promise for future aircraft design innovations.

  • Effect of bioprosthetic leaflet anisotropy on stent dynamics of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement devices
    Dylan Armfield, Sam Boxwell, Laoise McNamara, Scott Cook, Shane Conway, Mert Celikin, and Philip Cardiff
    Elsevier BV


  • Simulating chemical mixing and molten pool shape in dissimilar welds using thermal fluid dynamics
    Parsa Esmati, Thomas Flint, Fatma Akyel, Simon Olschok, Uwe Reisgen, Philip Cardiff, Nicolas O. Larrosa, and Nicolò Grilli
    Elsevier BV

  • Higher education curriculum design for sustainable development: towards a transformative approach
    Philip Cardiff, Malgorzata Polczynska, and Tina Brown
    Emerald
    Purpose Education is widely recognized as a key domain for the promotion of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), prompting an increased focus on sustainable development in foreign language education. Despite increased attention, guidelines about SDGs are often primarily policy-based without concrete guidance, and the integration of education for sustainable development (ESD) within higher education curricula has been slow. This paper aims to mitigate this gap by providing an outline for the curriculum development for three elective English courses integrating SDG themes. Design/methodology/approach The paper begins by introducing the SDGs, ESD and its application to language education. From there, this paper outlines three content and language integrated learning courses that integrate global issues into their curriculum. Finally, there is a discussion and consideration of various factors to consider when implementing global issues into an English language classroom. Findings Following practical examples of how to integrate global issues into an English language classroom, considerations such as socio-cultural context, teaching context and the expertise of the instructor are discussed. Originality/value This paper covers a variety of social topics related to sustainable development in addition to the often addressed environmental topics. Many guidelines about integrating SDGs into education are policy-based without concrete guidance, so this paper aims to provide practical examples and considerations.

  • Development and Numerical Testing of a Model of Equiaxed Alloy Solidification Using a Phase Field Formulation
    Abdur Rahman Al Azad, Philip Cardiff, and David J. Browne
    MDPI AG
    A computational framework is developed to understand the transient behavior of isothermal and non-isothermal transformation between liquid and solid phases in a binary alloy using a phase-field method. The non-isothermal condition was achieved by applying a thermal gradient along the computational domain. The bulk solid and liquid phases were treated as regular solutions, along with introducing an order parameter (phase field) as a function of space and time to describe the interfacial region between the two phases. An antitrapping flux term was integrated into the present phase-field model to mitigate the amount of solute trapping, which is characterized by the non-equilibrium partitioning of the solute. The governing equations for the phase field and the solute composition were solved by the cell-centered finite volume method using the open-source computational tool OpenFOAM. Simulations were carried out for the evolution of equiaxed dendrites inside an undercooled melt of a binary alloy, considering the effect of various computational parameters such as interface thickness, strength of crystal anisotropy, stochastic noise amplitude, and initial orientation. The simulated results show that the solidification morphology is sensitive to the magnitude of anisotropy as well as the amplitude of noise. A strong influence of interface thickness on the growth morphology and solute redistribution during solidification was observed. Incorporating antitrapping flux resulted in the solute partitioning close to the equilibrium value. Simulations show that the grain shape is unaffected by changes to crystallographic orientation with respect to the Cartesian computational grid. Thermal gradients exerted discernible effects on the solute distribution and the dendritic growth pattern. Starting with multiple nucleation events the model predicted realistic polycrystalline solidification and as-solidified microstructure.

  • A finite volume penalty-based implicit procedure for the treatment of the frictionless contact boundaries
    Ivan Batistić, Philip Cardiff, Alojz Ivanković, and Željko Tuković
    Wiley

  • Analyzing Wind Effects on Long-Span Bridges: A Viable Numerical Modelling Methodology Using OpenFOAM for Industrial Applications
    Yuxiang Zhang, Reamonn MacReamoinn, Philip Cardiff, and Jennifer Keenahan
    MDPI AG
    Aerodynamic performance is of critical importance to the design of long-span bridges. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling offers bridge designers an opportunity to investigate aerodynamic performance for long-span bridges during the design phase as well as during operation of the bridge. It offers distinct advantages when compared with the current standard practice of wind tunnel testing, which can have several limitations. The proposed revisions to the Eurocodes offer CFD as a methodology for wind analysis of bridges. Practicing engineers have long sought a computationally affordable, viable, and robust framework for industrial applications of using CFD to examine wind effects on long-span bridges. To address this gap in the literature and guidance, this paper explicitly presents a framework and demonstrates a workflow of analyzing wind effects on long-span bridges using open-source software, namely FreeCAD, OpenFOAM, and ParaView. Example cases are presented, and detailed configurations and general guidance are discussed during each step. A summary is provided of the validation of this methodology with field data collected from the structural health monitoring (SHM) systems of two long-span bridges.



  • Quantifying the impact of bridge geometry and surrounding terrain: Wind effects on bridges
    Yuxiang Zhang, Conor Sweeney, Philip Cardiff, Fergal Cahill, and Jennifer Keenahan
    Thomas Telford Ltd.
    The safety and serviceability of long-span bridges can be significantly impacted by wind effects and therefore it is crucial to estimate them accurately during bridge design. This study develops full-scale three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation models to replicate wind conditions at the Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Bridge in Ireland. The neglect of bridge geometries and the use of small scales in previous studies are significant limitations, and both the bridge geometry and surrounding terrain are included here at full scale. Input values for wind conditions are mapped from weather simulations that apply the weather research and forecasting model. Wind velocities at four different points calculated by CFD simulations are compared with corresponding data collected from structural health monitoring field measurements. The calculated time-averaged wind velocities at four different locations on the bridge are shown to have relative differences of less than 10% from the wind velocities measured by anemometers 90% of the time. The maximum relative difference among all comparisons was only 15%, shown to be partially due to the inclusion of the full bridge and terrain geometry.

  • A numerical study of processing parameters and their effect on the melt-track profile in Laser Powder Bed Fusion processes
    Gowthaman Parivendhan, Philip Cardiff, Thomas Flint, Željko Tuković, Muhannad Obeidi, Dermot Brabazon, and Alojz Ivanković
    Elsevier BV


  • laserbeamFoam: Laser ray-tracing and thermally induced state transition simulation toolkit
    Thomas F. Flint, Joseph D. Robson, Gowthaman Parivendhan, and Philip Cardiff
    Elsevier BV


  • A cell-centered finite volume formulation of geometrically exact Simo–Reissner beams with arbitrary initial curvatures
    Seevani Bali, Željko Tuković, Philip Cardiff, Alojz Ivanković, and Vikram Pakrashi
    Wiley

  • beamWeldFoam: Numerical simulation of high energy density fusion and vapourisation-inducing processes
    Thomas F. Flint, Gowthaman Parivendhan, Alojz Ivankovic, Michael C. Smith, and Philip Cardiff
    Elsevier BV



  • A finite volume penalty based segment-to-segment method for frictional contact problems
    Ivan Batistić, Philip Cardiff, and Željko Tuković
    Elsevier BV

  • Assessing the Capability of Computational Fluid Dynamics Models in Replicating Wind Tunnel Test Results for the Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Bridge
    Yuxiang Zhang, Philip Cardiff, Fergal Cahill, and Jennifer Keenahan
    MDPI AG
    Despite its wide acceptance in various industries, CFD is considered a secondary option to wind tunnel tests in bridge engineering due to a lack of confidence. To increase confidence and to advance the quality of simulations in bridge aerodynamic studies, this study performed three-dimensional RANS simulations and DESs to assess the bridge deck aerodynamics of the Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Bridge and demonstrated detailed procedures of the verification and validation of the applied CFD model. The CFD simulations were developed in OpenFOAM, the results of which are compared to prior wind tunnel test results, where general agreements were achieved though differences were also found and analyzed. The CFD model was also applied to study the effect of fascia beams and handrails on the bridge deck aerodynamics, which were neglected in most research to-date. These secondary structures were found to increase drag coefficients and reduce lift and moment coefficients by up to 32%, 94.3%, and 52.2%, respectively, which emphasized the necessity of including these structures in evaluations of the aerodynamic performance of bridges in service. Details of the verification and validation in this study illustrate that CFD simulations can determine close results compared to wind tunnel tests.

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • solids4foam: A toolbox for performing solid mechanics and fluid-solid interaction simulations in OpenFOAM
    P Cardiff, I Batisti
    Journal of Open Source Software 10 (108), 7407 2025

  • Analysis of Coupling Strategies for Conjugate Heat Transfer Problems
    E Tandis, P Cardiff, A Ashrafizadeh
    OpenFOAM Journal 5, 38-58 2025

  • A Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov method for cell-centred finite volume solid mechanics
    P Cardiff, D Armfield, Ž Tuković, I Batistić
    arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.17217 2025

  • A Finite Volume Framework for Damage and Fracture Prediction in Wire Drawing
    A Whelan, T Tang, V Pakrashi, P Cardiff
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 126 (1), e7640 2025

  • Offshore renewable energies: A review towards Floating Modular Energy Islands—Monitoring, Loads, Modelling and Control
    E Marino, M Gkantou, A Malekjafarian, S Bali, C Baniotopoulos, ...
    Ocean engineering 313, 119251 2024

  • Accelerated segregated finite volume solvers for linear elastostatics using machine learning
    S Levie, P Cardiff
    Advances in Engineering Software 198, 103763 2024

  • Investigation on aeroelasticity of morphing wing through dynamic response and virtual structural damping
    S Boughou, I Batistić, A Omar, P Cardiff, DJ Inman, R Boukharfane
    Physics of Fluids 36 (9) 2024

  • Patient-specific modelling of contact characteristics in the ankle joint following triple arthrodesis in valgus, neutral and varus hindfoot positions
    L Muralidharan, P Cardiff, R Flavin, A Ivanković
    The Foot 60, 102113 2024

  • Effect of bioprosthetic leaflet anisotropy on stent dynamics of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement devices
    D Armfield, S Boxwell, L McNamara, S Cook, S Conway, M Celikin, ...
    Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 157, 106650 2024

  • Simulating chemical mixing and molten pool shape in dissimilar welds using thermal fluid dynamics
    P Esmati, T Flint, F Akyel, S Olschok, U Reisgen, P Cardiff, NO Larrosa, ...
    International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 226, 125449 2024

  • A finite volume adaptation of beam-to-beam contact interactions implemented for geometrically exact Simo–Reissner beams
    S Bali, Ž Tuković, P Cardiff, A Ivanković, V Pakrashi
    Computational mechanics, 1-27 2024

  • Version 2.0—LaserbeamFoam: Laser ray-tracing and thermally induced state transition simulation toolkit
    TF Flint, JD Robson, P Esmati, N Grilli, G Parivendhan, P Cardiff
    SoftwareX 25, 101612 2024

  • Development and numerical testing of a model of equiaxed alloy solidification using a phase field formulation
    AR Al Azad, P Cardiff, DJ Browne
    Metals 13 (12), 1916 2023

  • A finite volume penalty‐based implicit procedure for the treatment of the frictionless contact boundaries
    I Batistić, P Cardiff, A Ivanković, Ž Tuković
    International journal for numerical methods in engineering 124 (18), 4171-4191 2023

  • On the major role played by the lumen curvature of intracranial aneurysms walls in determining their mechanical response, local hemodynamics, and rupture likelihood
    IL Oliveira, P Cardiff, CE Baccin, RT Tatit, JL Gasche
    Computers in Biology and Medicine 163, 107178 2023

  • Analyzing wind effects on long-span bridges: a viable numerical modelling methodology using OpenFOAM for industrial applications
    Y Zhang, R MacReamoinn, P Cardiff, J Keenahan
    Infrastructures 8 (9), 130 2023

  • On the implementation of heart electro-mechanics in OpenFOAM
    P Cardiff, D ARMFIELD, IL DE OLIVEIRA
     2023

  • Fracture toughness of composite-to-composite joints of an elastomer-toughened ethyl cyanoacrylate adhesive for real-time aged batches and an accelerated aged adhesive batch
    B Ryan, U Javaid, P Cardiff, A Ivanković, N Murphy
    Thin-Walled Structures 188, 110808 2023

  • Quantifying the impact of bridge geometry and surrounding terrain: wind effects on bridges
    Y Zhang, C Sweeney, P Cardiff, F Cahill, J Keenahan
    Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Bridge Engineering 177 (2 2023

  • A numerical study of processing parameters and their effect on the melt-track profile in Laser Powder Bed Fusion processes
    G Parivendhan, P Cardiff, T Flint, Ž Tuković, M Obeidi, D Brabazon, ...
    Additive manufacturing 67, 103482 2023

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Mechanical behaviour of additively-manufactured polymeric octet-truss lattice structures under quasi-static and dynamic compressive loading
    C Ling, A Cernicchi, MD Gilchrist, P Cardiff
    Materials & Design 162, 106-118 2019
    Citations: 265

  • OpenFOAM finite volume solver for fluid-solid interaction
    Ž Tuković, A Karač, P Cardiff, H Jasak, A Ivanković
    Transactions of FAMENA 42 (3), 1-31 2018
    Citations: 140

  • Ship resistance when operating in floating ice floes: A combined CFD&DEM approach
    L Huang, J Tuhkuri, B Igrec, M Li, D Stagonas, A Toffoli, P Cardiff, ...
    Marine Structures 74, 102817 2020
    Citations: 119

  • A block-coupled Finite Volume methodology for linear elasticity and unstructured meshes
    P Cardiff, Ž Tuković, H Jasak, A Ivanković
    Computers & structures 175, 100-122 2016
    Citations: 111

  • An open-source finite volume toolbox for solid mechanics and fluid-solid interaction simulations
    P Cardiff, A Karač, P De Jaeger, H Jasak, J Nagy, A Ivanković, Ž Tuković
    arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.10736 2018
    Citations: 109

  • Thirty years of the finite volume method for solid mechanics
    P Cardiff, I Demirdžić
    Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering 28 (5), 3721-3780 2021
    Citations: 105

  • Fluid-structure interaction of a large ice sheet in waves
    L Huang, K Ren, M Li, Ž Tuković, P Cardiff, G Thomas
    Ocean Engineering 182, 102-111 2019
    Citations: 101

  • On finite volume method implementation of poro‐elasto‐plasticity soil model
    T Tang, O Hededal, P Cardiff
    International journal for numerical and analytical methods in geomechanics 2015
    Citations: 93

  • A large strain finite volume method for orthotropic bodies with general material orientations
    P Cardiff, A Karač, A Ivanković
    Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 268, 318-335 2014
    Citations: 87

  • Strategies for effective stimulation of multiple perforation clusters in horizontal wells
    R Manchanda, EC Bryant, P Bhardwaj, P Cardiff, MM Sharma
    SPE Production & Operations 33 (03), 539-556 2018
    Citations: 84

  • Development of a finite volume contact solver based on the penalty method
    P Cardiff, A Karač, A Ivanković
    Computational Materials Science 64, 283-284 2012
    Citations: 65

  • Deformation response of EPS foam under combined compression-shear loading. Part I: Experimental design and quasi-static tests
    C Ling, J Ivens, P Cardiff, MD Gilchrist
    International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 144, 480-489 2018
    Citations: 59

  • A Lagrangian cell‐centred finite volume method for metal forming simulation
    P Cardiff, Ž Tuković, PD Jaeger, M Clancy, A Ivanković
    International journal for numerical methods in engineering 109 (13), 1777-1803 2017
    Citations: 56

  • Three-dimensional fluid–structure interaction simulation with a hybrid RANS–LES turbulence model for applications in transonic flow domain
    B Šekutkovski, I Kostić, A Simonović, P Cardiff, V Jazarević
    Aerospace Science and Technology 49, 1-16 2016
    Citations: 51

  • Evolving parametric aircraft models for design exploration and optimisation
    J Byrne, P Cardiff, A Brabazon
    Neurocomputing 142, 39-47 2014
    Citations: 51

  • A review on the modelling of wave-structure interactions based on OpenFOAM
    L Huang, Y Li, D Benites-Munoz, CW Windt, A Feichtner, S Tavakoli, ...
    OpenFOAM Journal 2, 116-142 2022
    Citations: 49

  • Development of the finite volume method for hip joint stress analysis
    P Cardiff
    University College Dublin 2012
    Citations: 49

  • OpenFOAM library for fluid structure interaction
    Z Tukovic, P Cardiff, A Karac, H Jasak, A Ivankovic
    9th OpenFOAM workshop 710 2014
    Citations: 44

  • Deformation response of EPS foam under combined compression-shear loading. Part II: High strain rate dynamic tests
    C Ling, J Ivens, P Cardiff, MD Gilchrist
    International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 145, 9-23 2018
    Citations: 36

  • A numerical study of processing parameters and their effect on the melt-track profile in Laser Powder Bed Fusion processes
    G Parivendhan, P Cardiff, T Flint, Ž Tuković, M Obeidi, D Brabazon, ...
    Additive manufacturing 67, 103482 2023
    Citations: 35