Philip Cardiff
@ucd.ie
Associate Professor, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
University College Dublin
RESEARCH INTERESTS
finite volume methods; fluid-solid interaction; finite element methods; numerical methods; biomechanics; machine learning
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Enzo Marino, Michaela Gkantou, Abdollah Malekjafarian, Seevani Bali, Charalampos Baniotopoulos, Jeroen van Beeck, Ruben Paul Borg, Niccoló Bruschi, Philip Cardiff, Eleni Chatzi,et al.
Elsevier BV
Scott Levie and Philip Cardiff
Elsevier BV
Smail Boughou, Ivan Batistić, Ashraf Omar, Philip Cardiff, Daniel J. Inman, and Radouan Boukharfane
AIP Publishing
This study employs a high-fidelity numerical approach to simulate fluid–structure interaction phenomena for the dynamic response of flexible hyperelastic morphing wing structures under low aerodynamic loads. The computations are performed using the open-source solids4Foam toolbox, employing a partitioned two-way fluid–structure interaction approach with a finite volume solver for both fluid and solid. The considered morphing wing is divided into a flexible and a rigid segment, with the flexible segment featuring a 60% chord length and being made of a hyperelastic rubber-like material. The concept of damping is incorporated into the solid momentum balance equation as a virtual force that opposes the velocity of the structure. Damping is employed to disperse energy from the system, hence mitigating the oscillations and reducing computational time. To understand morphing wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity behavior, a series of tests are conducted at low and medium Reynolds numbers, specifically 2×105 and 5×105. The results show that, for low Reynolds number, the morphing structure has a negligible impact on aerodynamic behavior. However, at higher Reynolds numbers, morphing results in improved aerodynamic efficiency at low angles of attack. Overall, the study highlights the aero-structural behavior of hyperelastic morphing wings and their potential for developing efficient and adaptive wing structures, highlighting their promise for future aircraft design innovations.
Dylan Armfield, Sam Boxwell, Laoise McNamara, Scott Cook, Shane Conway, Mert Celikin, and Philip Cardiff
Elsevier BV
L. Muralidharan, P. Cardiff, R. Flavin, and A. Ivanković
Elsevier BV
Parsa Esmati, Thomas Flint, Fatma Akyel, Simon Olschok, Uwe Reisgen, Philip Cardiff, Nicolas O. Larrosa, and Nicolò Grilli
Elsevier BV
Seevani Bali, Željko Tuković, Philip Cardiff, Alojz Ivanković, and Vikram Pakrashi
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AbstractThis paper presents an adaption of the finite-element based beam-to-beam contact interactions into a finite volume numerical framework. A previous work of the same authors, where a cell-centred based finite volume implementation of geometrically exact nonlinear Simo–Reissner beams was developed, is used as an underlying mathematical model. An implicit contact procedure is developed for both point-to-point and line-to-line beam frictionless contact interactions, and is implemented using the cell-centred finite volume method. To enforce the contact constraint, both penalty method and augmented-Lagrangian based techniques are used. A total of six numerical benchmark cases for point and line beam-to-beam contact interactions based on the finite element method are used to verify the numerical results, accuracy and robustness of the developed contact procedure.
Abdur Rahman Al Azad, Philip Cardiff, and David J. Browne
MDPI AG
A computational framework is developed to understand the transient behavior of isothermal and non-isothermal transformation between liquid and solid phases in a binary alloy using a phase-field method. The non-isothermal condition was achieved by applying a thermal gradient along the computational domain. The bulk solid and liquid phases were treated as regular solutions, along with introducing an order parameter (phase field) as a function of space and time to describe the interfacial region between the two phases. An antitrapping flux term was integrated into the present phase-field model to mitigate the amount of solute trapping, which is characterized by the non-equilibrium partitioning of the solute. The governing equations for the phase field and the solute composition were solved by the cell-centered finite volume method using the open-source computational tool OpenFOAM. Simulations were carried out for the evolution of equiaxed dendrites inside an undercooled melt of a binary alloy, considering the effect of various computational parameters such as interface thickness, strength of crystal anisotropy, stochastic noise amplitude, and initial orientation. The simulated results show that the solidification morphology is sensitive to the magnitude of anisotropy as well as the amplitude of noise. A strong influence of interface thickness on the growth morphology and solute redistribution during solidification was observed. Incorporating antitrapping flux resulted in the solute partitioning close to the equilibrium value. Simulations show that the grain shape is unaffected by changes to crystallographic orientation with respect to the Cartesian computational grid. Thermal gradients exerted discernible effects on the solute distribution and the dendritic growth pattern. Starting with multiple nucleation events the model predicted realistic polycrystalline solidification and as-solidified microstructure.
Ivan Batistić, Philip Cardiff, Alojz Ivanković, and Željko Tuković
Wiley
Yuxiang Zhang, Reamonn MacReamoinn, Philip Cardiff, and Jennifer Keenahan
MDPI AG
Aerodynamic performance is of critical importance to the design of long-span bridges. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling offers bridge designers an opportunity to investigate aerodynamic performance for long-span bridges during the design phase as well as during operation of the bridge. It offers distinct advantages when compared with the current standard practice of wind tunnel testing, which can have several limitations. The proposed revisions to the Eurocodes offer CFD as a methodology for wind analysis of bridges. Practicing engineers have long sought a computationally affordable, viable, and robust framework for industrial applications of using CFD to examine wind effects on long-span bridges. To address this gap in the literature and guidance, this paper explicitly presents a framework and demonstrates a workflow of analyzing wind effects on long-span bridges using open-source software, namely FreeCAD, OpenFOAM, and ParaView. Example cases are presented, and detailed configurations and general guidance are discussed during each step. A summary is provided of the validation of this methodology with field data collected from the structural health monitoring (SHM) systems of two long-span bridges.
I.L. Oliveira, P. Cardiff, C.E. Baccin, R.T. Tatit, and J.L. Gasche
Elsevier BV
Tatiana ștefanov, Bernard Ryan, Umair Javaid, Philip Cardiff, Alojz Ivanković, and Neal Murphy
Elsevier BV
Yuxiang Zhang, Conor Sweeney, Philip Cardiff, Fergal Cahill, and Jennifer Keenahan
Thomas Telford Ltd.
The safety and serviceability of long-span bridges can be significantly impacted by wind effects and therefore it is crucial to estimate them accurately during bridge design. This study develops full-scale three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation models to replicate wind conditions at the Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Bridge in Ireland. The neglect of bridge geometries and the use of small scales in previous studies are significant limitations, and both the bridge geometry and surrounding terrain are included here at full scale. Input values for wind conditions are mapped from weather simulations that apply the weather research and forecasting model. Wind velocities at four different points calculated by CFD simulations are compared with corresponding data collected from structural health monitoring field measurements. The calculated time-averaged wind velocities at four different locations on the bridge are shown to have relative differences of less than 10% from the wind velocities measured by anemometers 90% of the time. The maximum relative difference among all comparisons was only 15%, shown to be partially due to the inclusion of the full bridge and terrain geometry.
Gowthaman Parivendhan, Philip Cardiff, Thomas Flint, Željko Tuković, Muhannad Obeidi, Dermot Brabazon, and Alojz Ivanković
Elsevier BV
Emad Tandis and Philip Cardiff
Elsevier BV
Thomas F. Flint, Joseph D. Robson, Gowthaman Parivendhan, and Philip Cardiff
Elsevier BV
I.L. Oliveira, P. Cardiff, C.E. Baccin, and J.L. Gasche
Elsevier BV
Seevani Bali, Željko Tuković, Philip Cardiff, Alojz Ivanković, and Vikram Pakrashi
Wiley
Thomas F. Flint, Gowthaman Parivendhan, Alojz Ivankovic, Michael C. Smith, and Philip Cardiff
Elsevier BV
I. Demirdžić and P. Cardiff
Informa UK Limited
Ke Wu, Željko Tukovic, Philip Cardiff, and Alojz Ivankovic
Begell House
Ivan Batistić, Philip Cardiff, and Željko Tuković
Elsevier BV
Yuxiang Zhang, Philip Cardiff, Fergal Cahill, and Jennifer Keenahan
MDPI AG
Despite its wide acceptance in various industries, CFD is considered a secondary option to wind tunnel tests in bridge engineering due to a lack of confidence. To increase confidence and to advance the quality of simulations in bridge aerodynamic studies, this study performed three-dimensional RANS simulations and DESs to assess the bridge deck aerodynamics of the Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Bridge and demonstrated detailed procedures of the verification and validation of the applied CFD model. The CFD simulations were developed in OpenFOAM, the results of which are compared to prior wind tunnel test results, where general agreements were achieved though differences were also found and analyzed. The CFD model was also applied to study the effect of fascia beams and handrails on the bridge deck aerodynamics, which were neglected in most research to-date. These secondary structures were found to increase drag coefficients and reduce lift and moment coefficients by up to 32%, 94.3%, and 52.2%, respectively, which emphasized the necessity of including these structures in evaluations of the aerodynamic performance of bridges in service. Details of the verification and validation in this study illustrate that CFD simulations can determine close results compared to wind tunnel tests.
Pedro Veiga Rodrigues, Bruno Ramoa, Ana Vera Machado, Philip Cardiff, and João Miguel Nóbrega
MDPI AG
Toe caps are one of the most important components in safety footwear, but have a significant contribution to the weight of the shoe. Efforts have been made to replace steel toe caps by polymeric ones, since they are lighter, insulated and insensitive to magnetic fields. Nevertheless, polymeric solutions require larger volumes, which has a negative impact on the shoe’s aesthetics. Therefore, safety footwear manufacturers are pursuing the development of an easy, low-cost and reliable solution to optimize this component. In this work, a solid mechanics toolbox built in the open-source computational library, OpenFOAM®, was used to simulate two laboratory standard tests (15 kN compression and 200 J impact tests). To model the polymeric material behavior, a neo-Hookean hyper-elasto-plastic material law with J2 plastic criteria was employed. A commercially available plastic toe cap was characterized, and the collected data was used for assessment purposes. Close agreements, between experimental and simulated values, were achieved for both tests, with an approximate error of 5.4% and 6.8% for the displacement value in compression and impact test simulations, respectively. The results clearly demonstrate that the employed open-source finite volume computational models offer reliable results and can support the design of toe caps for the R&D footwear industry.
P. Cardiff and I. Demirdžić
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Since early publications in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the finite volume method has been shown suitable for solid mechanics analyses. At present, there are several flavours of the method, including `cell-centre', `staggered', `vertex-centred', `periodic heterogenous microstructural', `Godunov-type', `matrix-free', `meshless', as well as others. This article gives an overview, historical perspective, comparison and critical analysis of the different approaches, including their relative strengths, weaknesses, similarities and dissimilarities, where a close comparison with the de facto standard for computational solid mechanics, the finite element method, is given. The article finishes with a look towards future research directions and steps required for finite volume solid mechanics to achieve widespread acceptance.