Repellent, attractant, and oviposition-deterrent effects of nano-encapsulated ginger, Zingiber officinale and cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum extracts on the southern cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) SARAH A. ABDULAMEER, RAGHAD K. I. AL-JOBOORY Journal of Biological Control, 2025 This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chitosan-based nano capsules loaded with ginger, Zingiber officinale and cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum extracts on the southern cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus. Nanocapsules were prepared via the Ion gelation method and characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and zeta potential analysis. The results demonstrated the successful fabrication of ginger extract-loaded nanocapsules with an average diameter of 172 nm and cinnamon extract-loaded nanocapsules with an average diameter of 192.75 nm. Additionally, the nanocapsules exhibited good colloidal stability, as indicated by a zeta potential of +30.45 mV. Repellent efficacy tests revealed that cinnamon extract nanocapsules achieved the highest repellency rate (56.7%), followed by ginger extract nanocapsules (36.7%). In comparison, conventional cinnamon and ginger extracts exhibited repellency rates of 43.3% and 26.7%, respectively. Oviposition inhibition assays further demonstrated the superiority of nanocapsules; ginger extract nanocapsules completely prevented egg laying (100%), whereas cinnamon extract nanocapsules inhibited oviposition by 26%. Conventional extracts of cinnamon and ginger inhibited egg laying by 59.1% and 46.7%, respectively. These findings indicate that both nano-formulations and conventional extracts of ginger and cinnamon possess repellent and oviposition-inhibiting activities against the southern cowpea weevil, C. maculatus, with nano-capsules showing enhanced efficacy. Therefore, nano-capsule formulations represent promising eco-friendly tools for mitigating pest damage and reducing weevil populations within Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. Also, further studies are needed to assess the long-term stability of nanocapsules and their effects on non-target organisms.
Evaluating the efficiency of silver nanoparticles prepared using Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis in controlling eggs and adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) ISTABRAQ F. ALI, RAGHAD K. I. AL-JOBOORY, HAZIM I. AL-SHAMMARI Journal of Biological Control, 2024 This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) which are prepared biologically by two bacterial species, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis (Btt) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (P.f) to control southern cowpea beetle insect, Callosobruchus maculatus. Many features of the prepared nanoparticles were examined, and the results obtained showed that the highest absorption value of AgNPs was at 262 nm. Whereas the results of FTIR analysis showed that several compounds played a role in the silver ions reduction process, which included alcohol, alkane, primary amine, and amine group. The scanning electronic microscopic images showed that the average diameter of nanoparticles which was created by P.f was 48.52 nm, while it was 56.08 nm for the nanoparticles prepared by Btt. The study showed no significant differences between the activity of both AgNP types against C. maculatus eggs, while a significant preference was recorded for the activity of Btt AgNPs against the C. maculatus adults. The highest percentage of unhitched eggs was 53.8% recorded at 3000 ppm concentration, while Btt AgNPs gave 59.6% at 3000 ppm. The highest mortality rate of the adults who were treated by Btt AgNPs was 58.8 % at 3000 ppm concentration, while it was recorded 50% at 3000 ppm with P.f AgNPs treatment. The current study demonstrates the efficiency of biologically prepared AgNPs in controlling C. maculatus insect life stages, which encourages using of these nanoparticles as a modern strategy in management of insect pests.
Molecular Identification of the Red Rusty Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) THEKRA HABIB SHWEIL AND RAGHAD KHALAF ALJOBOORY Biopesticides International, 2024 A study was conducted to classify the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, using the molecular diagnostic method employing the polymerase chain reaction technique. Five samples were collected from different locations in Baghdad, Iraq. Electrophoresis results using agarose gel revealed the presence of a DNA band of 420 base pairs when using the primers LCO1490 and HCO2198. Furthermore, nucleotide sequence analysis results indicated that all samples belonged to the T. castaneum family. These sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession number OR912519 and exhibited close similarity to Indian (MN888508) and Thai (MK649853) insects, with 100% and 99% similarity, respectively. The COI region is considered a crucial genetic region that can be effectively applied to measure heterogeneity among closely related species within the same genus. This identification is significant from the point of view of quantifying the infestations by this pest of the grains and subsequent utilization of eco-friendly biopesticide strategies for their control in candidate locations.. KEYWORDS :Molecular diagnosis, PCR technique, Stored grain pest, Red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum
Study of the Food Preference of Rusty Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Laboratory Thekra Habib Shweil, Raghad Khalaf Al-Jubouri Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2024 A laboratory experiment was applied to evaluate the effect of wheat flour, wheat groats, and rice grains on the growth and development of the red rusty flour beetle Tribolium castaneum in terms of number (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults) and percentages (hatching, pupation, and adult emergence). The results showed the highest number (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults) on wheat flour were 70.00 eggs, 58.33 larvae, 44.66 pupae, and 39.66 adults, respectively. The highest percentages of (hatching, pupation, and emergence of adults) on wheat flour were 83.56%, 77.35%, and 88.28% respectively.
Study the pathogenicity of the bacteria associated with Periplanta americana cockroach on Gelleria mollonella. L worm larva S S Alyas, R K Ibrahim, A A Kareem Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2021 In this study, the bacterial genera associated with the Periplaneta americana cockroach were isolated from the residential areas and nurseries in Baghdad city with concentrations 10-2, 10-4, 10-6 and their effect on the larvae of Gelleria mollonella. L worm was studied in the laboratory by food spraying method. Conclusion: The results showed that the highest percentage of larvae mortality was at the concentration 10-2 (33.33%) for both Acinetobacter lwoffii and Enterobacter cloacae bacteria. While the highest rate of larvae mortality was at the concentration 10-4 (33.33%) for each of Pseudomonas oleovorans, Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter lwoffii and Klebsiella pneumoniae, whereas the concentration 10-6 showed the highest mortality rate (50%) of Pseudomonas oleovorans and Klebsiellaella bacteria. Results of the study showed predominance of the effect of Pseudomonas oleovorans and Klebsiella pneumonia on the mortality rate of the larvae of the great Gelleria mellonell L. worm as it was 50%, while the effect of Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas oleovorans yielded the highest mortality rate of 33.33% at each of the concentrations 10-2,10-4 10-6 whereas the results showed that the concentration 10-2 for each of Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter aerogenes had no effect on larvae mortality.
Evaluation activity of bacteria Bacillus thurengensis and different concentrations of plant extracts on adult of house fly Musca domestica Raghad Khalaf Al-Joboory, Elaf Adnan Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2021 This research included evaluating the efficacy of plant aqueous extracts for myrtle Myrtus communis, Nerium oleander, Eucalyptus spp. and Bacillus thuringiensis on adults of the house fly Musca domestica L. under laboratory conditions at a temperature of 2 ± 28°C and with a humidity of 50-70 %. it was found that the highest rate of laying eggs was in the extract of eucalyptus leaves, where the number of eggs laid was 60 eggs on average and at a concentration of 5%, while in the concentration of 10% the average egg was 55 eggs then In the extract of the leaves of the oleander was at a concentration of 10% at a rate of 50 eggs and in control treatments the number of eggs reached 80 eggs and the results showed the highest death rate for adults before laying eggs was in the extract of the eucalyptus leaves at a concentration of 15% where the death of 6 adults and the lowest percentage of death by 5% was recorded One adult death and the highest rate priest for eggs, with a concentration of 10%, reached 94%, and the highest percentage of larval mortality reached 68.12%, with a concentration of 10% in the transactions of extract of oleander leaves, and in it also the highest rate of exclusion is 31.93%. The third larval stage with a concentration of 5% with a ratio of 3.67 days and the highest incidence rate in the third larval stage with a concentration of 2.5% at a rate of 26.70% and the lowest incidence rate of 6.70% with a concentration of 2.5% and 5% and 7.5% in the first and second stages respectively and the lowest dawning rate was recorded in the larval phase the first with a concentration of 2.5% at 16.66% and the highest deformation rate in the third larval stage with a concentration of 7.5% at 66.66%. As for its effect on the number of eggs was a rate of zero% of all concentrations (2.5%, 5% and 7.5%) compared to 80 control egg either its effect on the longevity of the adult was the highest rate of longevity amounting to a concentration of 7.5% by 5.33 day..
Evaluation of the effect of different concentrations of plant powders on the red Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae) Herbest (flour beetles Tribolium castaneum Raghad Khalaf AL-joboory Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2019 This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different concentrations of some plant powders on some aspects of the life of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum at 28 C° and humidity of 50%. The study showed that duration of the larval stage was 19 days and pupa duration was 5.4 days while the average age of adults was 119.5 days at brown flour, As for the determination of effective repellant concentrations of plant powders after two days and the killer concentrations of plant powder after a week of treatment for some plant′s powders the black pepper Piper nigrum, cinnamon Cinnamomum zaylancium, coriander coriander sativum and Syphilis Syzygium aromaticum in concentrations 0, 2, 4, 6 % The results showed that the powder of the black pepper plant was 6% higher than the effect of the repellent with an average expulsion of 8.67% on the rest of the plants with the same concentrations and an average of 8.17%, 8.00%, 7.17% for carnation, cilantro and cinnamon powder respectively. As for the assessment of the killer concentration after a week of treatment on the same plant powders the result shows Excellence of Pepper Black Pepper Powder 6% In the rate of homicide and in the rate 5.05% By comparison with 4.35%, 2.35% for powder of cloves, cilantro and cinnamon, respectively.
