Efficacy and safety of gene therapy in β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis Ramnarayan Belur Krishna Prasad, Krishnanand P. Setlur, Vidya M. Annegowda, Savita Mallikarjun A., Pallavi Nanaiah, Vinod Rangan Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2026 β-Thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD) are inherited hemoglobinopathies that pose substantial global health challenges. Gene therapy has emerged as a transformative, potentially curative approach by directly targeting the underlying genetic defects responsible for these disorders. This systematic review and meta-analysis critically assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of contemporary gene therapy modalities, including lentiviral-based platforms (e.g., Zynteglo) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9–based approaches (e.g., Casgevy), in patients with β-thalassemia and SCD. A comprehensive literature search spanning January 2013 to March 2025 was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Pooled analyses demonstrated a significant increase in transfusion independence among treated patients (Z = 5.89, p < 0.001), with moderate heterogeneity across studies. Lentiviral gene therapies consistently achieved haemoglobin normalisation and sustained transfusion freedom, whereas early-phase CRISPR trials highlighted favourable safety profiles and high gene-editing precision. Despite these promising outcomes, challenges such as insertional mutagenesis, off-target editing, high therapeutic costs, and limited availability in resource-constrained regions persist. In summary, gene therapy represents a clinically effective and potentially curative intervention for β-thalassemia and SCD. Nonetheless, rigorous long-term safety monitoring and strategies to enhance global accessibility are essential to ensure equitable implementation and sustainable patient outcomes.
Comparison of the effect of endodontic-periodontal combined lesions on clinical outcomes P. Nanaiah, O. AlJasir, N. K. Syed, T. Thomas, F. Beegum, N. Pattnaik, M. Mehta, R. S. Makkad Endodontics Today, 2026 INTRODUCTION. Endodontic-periodontal combined lesions are complicated clinical cases with prognoses that vary in their predictability with regard to the underlying etiology and involvement. The interdependence between lesion classification and outcome of treatment is yet to be fully defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 165 teeth with endodontic-periodontal lesions were used in a prospective cohort study (Group A primary endodontic lesions with secondary periodontal involvement, n = 55), Group B primary periodontal lesions with secondary endodontic involvement, n = 55) and Group C true combined lesions, n = 55). Every tooth was subjected to the right endodontic and periodontal treatment. Clinical outcomes such as probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), tooth mobility, as well as periapical index after 3, 6, 12 months were evaluated. Success with the treatment, survival of the teeth, and patient-reported outcomes were assessed. RESULTS. The general success rate of treatment was 73.3 and the differences between the groups were significant: Group A (89.1%), Group B (69.1%), Group C (61.8%), p <0.001. Groups A showed better results with 4.82 plus or minus 1.24 mm difference in mean PPD reduction compared to 3.41 plus or minus 1.38 mm difference in Group B and 2.87 plus or minus 1.52 mm difference in Group C at the age of 12 months ( p < 0.001). Group A, Group B and Group C showed a mean CAL gain of 4.15 + 1.18 mm, 2.94 + 1.32 mm and 2.31 + 1.45 mm respectively ( p < 0.001). The tooth survival rates in Group A (94.5), Group B (83.6), and Group C (76.4) were significant ( p = 0.012). Patients with initial PPD > 7 mm (OR = 3.84, p < 0.001) and true combined lesions (OR = 4.92, p < 0.001) were important predictors of treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS. Primary endodontic lesions through secondary periodontal involvement portray highly better treatment results than primary periodontal lesions or true combined lesions. Lesion classification is a vital prognostic factor, which is used in the treatment planning and counseling of patients.
Revolutionizing dental restorations: Insights into computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing materials-A systematic review B. K. Ramnarayan, Suresh M. Nagral, Pallavi Nanaiah, Krishnanand P. Satelur, R. Venkatasubramanian, J. Avinash Dental Research Journal, 2025 The integration of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technology has significantly transformed restorative dentistry. This review explores the game-changing influence of CAD/CAM systems in restorative dentistry, emphasizing the clinical performance, mechanical attributes, and esthetic potential of contemporary materials such as zirconia, lithium disilicate, polyetheretherketone, polymethylmethacrylate, and advanced resin composites.This systematic review, conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and structured using the PICO framework, comprehensively explored evidence on CAD/CAM dental materials. A thorough search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (2015–2025) initially identified 1300 records. After rigorous screening and eligibility assessment, studies addressing clinical indications, mechanical performance, and material-specific outcomes of CAD/CAM restorations were included for qualitative synthesis. Lithium disilicate and zirconia emerged as frontrunners in fracture resistance, marginal adaptation, and long-term esthetics. Glass-ceramics and nanohybrid composites demonstrated high performance in posterior and veneer applications. Comparative trials favored CAD/CAM over conventional restorations in precision, fit, and durability. Risk-of-bias assessment indicated predominantly low bias across key domains, ensuring reliability of findings. CAD/CAM materials combine digital precision with clinical excellence, offering strong mechanical performance and refined esthetics for optimal functional outcomes. Clinical evidence highlights their accuracy, efficiency, and long-term success compared to traditional restorative techniques.
Evaluation of clinical and antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan nanoparticle gel (1%) as a local drug delivery in chronic periodontitis patients-a randomised controlled split-mouth trial Savita A M, Nageshwaran G R, Koduru Sravani, Anupama Aradya, Pallavi Nanaiah, Archana R Naik Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2025 Background Chitosan is a naturally derived polymer that has been extensively investigated for its use as a biomaterial for local drug delivery and anti-inflammatory activity. Recently, chitosan applications in periodontal tissue healing have gained significant interest. Objectives The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of chitosan nanoparticle gel when used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in terms of clinical outcomes and antimicrobial activity. Methods The study was conducted following a split-mouth design in which patients with chronic periodontitis were selected and test and control sites were randomized. Test sites received chitosan nanoparticle gel administration adjunct to scaling and root planning while control sites were subjected to scaling and root planing. Subgingival plaque samples were collected for RT-PCR analysis at baseline and follow-up after 6 weeks. Results It was observed that there was a significant reduction in PI (p-value: 0.002) and PD scores (p-value: 0.001) along with a gain in CAL (p-value: 0.001) in the test group when chitosan nanoparticle gel (1%) was used as an adjunct to SRP. There was no statistically significant difference seen with mean GI scores (p-value: 0.387). Further, chitosan nanoparticle administration significantly reduced counts of P.gingivalis and T.forsythia in the test sites than the control sites. Conclusion Administration of 1% chitosan nanoparticle gel adjunct to scaling and root planning in chronic periodontitis patients resulted in a significant improvement in clinical parameters while exhibiting inhibitory action against the periodontal pathogens P.ginigivalis and T.forsythia. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 24 No. 01 January’25 Page : 177-187
Comparative Evaluation of Herpes Viruses in Chronic Periodontitis with and without Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Clinico-microbial Study Harsha Mysore Babu, Savita Abdulpur Mallikarjun, Sreedevi Das, Mahesh Ramanna Gowda, Archana Naik, Pallavi Nanaiah World Journal of Dentistry, 2022 interaction. Studies have shown that prevalence of periodontal disease is increased in patients with psychiatric disorders. eneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the basic anxiety disorders which form the component of other anxiety disorders. An individual suffering from this particular form of psychiatric disorder suffers from chronic stress which can be detrimental to the body. The cellular immune response down regulated by stress causes the microbial levels to rise and makes the human body more prone to infections. 9 Studies have also found that elevated
Prevalence of periodontitis among the adolescents aged 15-18 years in Mangalore City: An epidemiological and microbiological study KPallavi Nanaiah, DV Nagarathna, Nandini Manjunath Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 2013 Background: Periodontitis is a group of inflammatory diseases affecting the supporting tissues of the tooth. Both aggressive periodontitis (AP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) have a multifactorial etiology, with dental plaque as the initiating factor. However, the initiation and progression of periodontitis are influenced by other factors including microbiologic, social and behavioral and systemic and genetic factors. The prevalence of periodontal diseases varies in different regions of the world according to the definition of periodontitis and the study population, and there are indications that they may be more prevalent in developing than in developed countries. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the adolescents of 15-18 years of age in Mangalore City. One thousand one hundred students aged 15-18 years were selected for the study from the schools and colleges in Mangalore City using a convenient sampling method. The prevalence of AP and CP were assessed in the study using a community periodontal index. Students who were diagnosed clinically and radiographically were subjected to microbiological examination to confirm AP. Results: A high prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis was found in students belonging to the lower socioeconomic status group compared with the higher socioeconomic groups, which were associated with poor oral hygiene habits. The prevalence of AP was found to be 0.36% and that of CP was found to be 1.5%. Conclusion: Oral diseases have a significant impact on the social and psychological aspects of an individual's life. Exposure to risk factors, such as age, low socio-economic status, poor education, low dental care utilization, poor oral hygiene levels, smoking, psychosocial stress and genetic factors are significantly associated with an increased risk of periodontitis among adolescents. Although genetic factors play a major role in periodontitis, the treatment outcome will still be influenced by environmental and behavioral factors.
