Spirituality and Age as Determinants of Self-Efficacy in Tuberculosis Patients: A SEM-PLS Approach Chilyatiz Zahroh, Umdatus Soleha, Nur Ainiyah, Eppy Setiyowati, Ardianti Ardianti, et al. Natural Resources for Human Health, 2026 Self-efficacy is a key determinant of adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment, yet its psychosocial and spiritual dimensions remain underexplored in low-income industrial urban settings. This study examined the determinants of self-efficacy among TB patients in East Surabaya, Indonesia, focusing on the role of spirituality and age. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 62 pulmonary TB patients selected by simple random sampling from community health centers in industrial districts. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire covering sociodemographic, spiritual, social, environmental, and health system factors. Structural equation modeling-partial least squares was employed to test hypothesized associations. The model demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability. Results revealed that spirituality had the strongest positive influence on self-efficacy (β = 0.492, p < 0.001), while age was negatively associated (β = –0.245, p = 0.019). Social support, environmental conditions, and health system factors did not significantly affect self-efficacy. The final model explained 40.3% of the variance in self-efficacy (R² = 0.403). These findings highlight that spiritual beliefs and younger age are significant predictors of treatment confidence among TB patients in industrial urban environments. Incorporating spiritual care, faith-based counseling, and age-sensitive communication into TB programs may strengthen patients’ ability to complete therapy. Public health strategies in industrial areas should therefore integrate psychosocial and spiritual interventions alongside biomedical care to enhance adherence and treatment outcomes.
Benson’s spiritual relaxation and lavender aromatherapy toward anxiety, sleep quality, and blood pressure Eppy Setiyowati, Umdatus Soleha, Mulyadi Mulyadi, Muhammad Basuni Healthcare in Low Resource Settings, 2025 Anxiety caused by illness is one of the factors contributing to elevated hypertension across all age groups. Therefore, in addition to pharmacological treatment, non-pharmacological therapy is essential to reduce anxiety, lower blood pressure, and improve sleep quality in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to analyze the effects of Benson's spiritual relaxation and lavender aromatherapy on anxiety, sleep quality, and blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach. The population consisted of 97 hypertensive patients at the Indonesian National Army-Navy Hospital, with a sample size of 44 respondents selected through purposive sampling. The independent variables were Benson's spiritual relaxation and lavender aromatherapy, while the dependent variables were anxiety, sleep quality, and blood pressure. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis with a significance level of <0.05. The results indicated a significant effect of Benson's spiritual relaxation and lavender aromatherapy on anxiety (p=0.000), sleep quality (p=0.000), systolic blood pressure (p=0.000), and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.000). These techniques are simple to implement, making them a viable nursing intervention in inpatient settings and contributing to nursing science development in hospitals.
Monitoring medication adherence using smart digital technology in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis Eppy Setiyowati, Firdaus Firdaus, Erika Martining Wardani, Mulyadi Mulyadi Healthcare in Low Resource Settings, 2024 Pulmonary tuberculosis cases can arise due to various factors, including treatment fatigue resulting from prolonged therapy, insufficient patient knowledge about the condition, geographical distance between patients’ residences and healthcare facilities, a lack of reminders from healthcare workers regarding medication adherence, and the perception that treatment provided at community health centers may be inadequate. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of digital smart applications in enhancing medication adherence among pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Utilizing a trial survey approach, the research focused on patients seeking treatment at the Surabaya Community Health Center. Smart digital applications were employed to monitor medication adherence, with patients inputting their data via cell phones. The study recorded data over one month and found that while some patients struggled to operationalize the smart digital application, many were able to utilize it effectively. Overall, the findings suggest that smart digital applications can be valuable tools for monitoring medication adherence among pulmonary tuberculosis patients, particularly for older adults.
The effect of pursed-lips breathing and diaphragm exercises on the quality of life of COPD patient assessed by six-minutes walk test Mulyadi, Ida Muna Junita, Teuku Zulfikar, Nurrahmah Yusuf, Mulkan Azhary, et al. Bali Medical Journal, 2022 Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammation that causes a variety of pulmonary and systemic disorders. Pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing exercises are useful techniques for improving ventilation, reducing the degree of breathlessness, enhancing performance, and improving quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing exercise on the value of the 6-min walk test and to improve quality of life by SGRQ in stable COPD patients. Methods: This study was an experimental study using group control before and after examining 60 stable COPD patients at Dr. RSUD Lung Center. Zainoel Abidin from November 2019 to February 2020. Samples were extracted by systematic random sampling and divided into two groups. The intervention group received indacaterol bronchodilator therapy in addition to four weeks of apron and diaphragmatic breathing exercises. The control group received only indacaterol therapy. A 6-minute walk test was administered and a quality of life questionnaire was completed using the SGRQ. A t-test and Wilcoxon test were performed to assess differences between groups, level of significance p < 0.05). Results: There was a significant effect on the 6-minute walk test in the intervention group compared with the control group (p = 0.001). There was a significant effect in improving quality of life using the SGRQ questionnaire in the intervention group compared with the control group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: There was a significant effect on the six-minute walking test in the intervention group compared to the control group. There was a significant effect on improving the quality of life using the SGRQ questionnaire in the intervention group compared to the control group.
Biodiversity of megabenthos and coral reef condition in Tuan Island, Aceh Besar I Dewiyanti, M Mulyadi, M Ulfa, C Octavina, H A Haridhi Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2021 The existence of megabenthos has an important role in maintaining sustainability of coral reef ecosystems and in the food web process. Megabenthos is also often used as an indicator of the health condition of coral reefs. The purpose of study was to analyze the biodiversity of megabenthos associated with coral reef in Tuan Island. This research was conducted in July -September, 2020. There were four research stations determined by purposes method based on four wind directions. Megabenthos data collection carried out by benthos belt transect method and coral reef data collected by using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. The results were found 8 species of megabenthos target, namely spiny starfish (Acanthaster planci), blue starfish (Linckia laevigata), sea urchins (Diadema setosum), sea cucumbers (Holothuria atra), clams (Tridacna squamosa), Drupella snails (Drupella sp.), lola clams (Tronchus niloticus) and lobster (Panulirus versicolor). Totally, there were 190 individuals of megabenthos with the abundance ranged from 0.18 to 0.52 individuals/m2. Diadema setosum had the highest abundance with the value 0.9 individuals/m2 followed by Drupulella sp. (0.3 individuals/m2). The highest diversity index was station 4 followed by station 3, 2, and 1 with the value of 2.21, 0.85, 0.64, and 0.41, respectively. The diversity index was categorized as low and medium. The average of evenness and dominance indices were 0.04 and 0.62, both was medium category. The highest percentage of coral cover was at station 1 followed by station 3, 4, and 2, the coral cover value were 50.44%, 29.20%, 18.14%, and 9.29%, respectively. The correlation (r) between the percentage of coral reef cover and megabenthos abundance has a positive correlation, but the level of correlation was low (0.215 %). The density of megabenthos on Tuan Island did not have a major influence on coral reef cover where the determination value (R2) was 0.0462 which indicated that the megabenthos abundance was influenced by the percentage of coral reef cover only 4.62%.
The role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species on apoptosis and necroptosis state of macrophages derived from active pulmonary tuberculosis patients Budi Yanti, Mulyadi Mulyadi, Muhammad Amin, Harapan Harapan, Ni Made Mertaniasih, et al. BMC Research Notes, 2020 Objective The role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species in tuberculosis (TB) infection in human is still questioned. The aim of this study was to determine whether M. tuberculosis and M. bovis is associated with apoptosis and necroptosis by measuring the expression of specific signaling pathways components (Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) and receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3)), and the level of apoptosis. Results We recruited 30 patients with pulmonary TB; 24 patients were infected with M. tuberculosis Beijing strain and six patients with M. bovis BCG strain. M. tuberculosis-infected patients were more likely to have severe lung damage compared to those infected with M. bovis (odds ratio [OR] 7.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–54.09). M. tuberculosis infection was associated with lower expression of FADD and lower apoptosis level of macrophages compared to M. bovis. No significant different of RIP3 between MTBC species groups. In conclusion, M. tuberculosis Beijing strain was associated with severe pulmonary damage, inhibited FADD expression and reduced apoptosis level of macrophages derived from pulmonary TB patients. This suggests that the M. tuberculosis Beijing strain is potentially to be used as determinant of disease progressivity and tissue damage in TB cases.
Labidocera species (Copepoda: Pontellidae) in Indonesian waters with notes on their species-groups Mulyadi Mulyadi Bio Web of Conferences, 2020 Thirteen species of the genus Labidocera Lubbock, 1853 were identified. Plankton samples collected from nine sites around coastal areas of Indonesia from 2003 to 2015. Among these species, there were three recently described species, Labidocera javaensis Mulyadi, 1997, L. muranoi Mulyadi, 1997, and L. kaimanaensis Mulyadi, 2014, three new records, L. bengalensis Krishnaswamy, 1952, L. pavo Giesbrecht, 1889 and L. sinilobata Shen & Lee, 1963, and seven previously recorded species from Indonesian waters. These species divided into five species-groups, detruncata-, kroyeri-, minuta-, pectinata- and an unassigned group, based on its morphological characters. The Labidocera detruncata-group includes the following species: L. bataviae A. Scott, 1909, L. detruncata (Dana, 1849), L. kaimanaensis Mulyadi, 2014, L. madurae A. Scott, 1909, L. pavo Giesbrecht, 1889, and L. sinilobata Shen & Lee, 1963. The Labidocera kroyeri-group includes L. kroyeri (Brady, 1883) and L. muranoi Mulyadi, 1997. The Labidocera minuta-group includes L. bengalensis Krishnaswamy, 1952 and L. minuta Giesbrecht, 1889. The Labidocera pectinata-group includes L. javaensis Mulyadi, 1997, L. papuensis Fleminger et al. 1982, and L. rotunda Mori, 1929. The unassigned group includes L. acuta (Dana, 1849) and L. laevidentata (Brady, 1883). Since the descriptions of these species groups and also species as yet unassigned to groups were often not given in sufficient detail, we provide re-descriptions of their species groups and their zoogeography in Indonesian waters, adjacent waters, and the world oceans
Hygiene practices: Are they protective factors for eczema symptoms? David Ferrandiz-Mont, Nur Wahyuniati, Hsin-Jen Chen, Mulyadi Mulyadi, Tjut Mariam Zanaria, et al. Immunity Inflammation and Disease, 2018 Exact etiology and proper treatment of eczema are still unknown. The hygiene hypothesis and epidermal barrier dysfunction hypothesis attempted to give some plausible explanations for these issues but they still remain unclear. The identification of factors, including hygiene practices, related to eczema symptoms (ES) could shed some light on these matters. Therefore, this study aimed to determine risk factors related to ES and the ES prevalence in two disparate areas in terms of urbanization in Aceh, Indonesia.
Cow's milk protein sensitization on the lymphocyte Th-1 and Th-2 activity in relation to wheezing in the first year of life Human and Veterinary Medicine, 2015
