SITI AISYAH BINTI A RAZAK

Scopus Publications

Review of Biopolymer Composite Through 3D Printing Techniques
Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 2025
Since polymers are so important in our daily lives, 3D printing began with a polymer substrate for creating components. Aside from that, biopolymer composites have become popular due to their environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties. Despite recent advances in 3D printing of biopolymer composites, this paper reviewed the printing technique of each biopolymer composite, which has a large number of printing techniques such as Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Stereolithography (SLA), Ink Jet and others that can be used for biopolymer composite due to mechanical properties findings and application. These biopolymer composites are widely utilized in the biomedical field and are predicted to increase their benefits in this field, as well as FDM, which is the most regularly used 3D printing process.
POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE (PHA)/NANO-CALCIUM PHOSPHATE (nCAP)/CHITOSAN BIOCOMPOSITE FOR BONE REGENERATION: DEGRADATION, BIOACTIVITY AND CYTOTOXICITY EVALUATION
Malaysian Journal of Microscopy, 2024
Morphological analysis of copper-nickel coating on mild steel in non-hazardous electrolyte
Aisyah Razak, Nur Azam Badaruzaman
Aip Conference Proceedings, 2024
Electrodeposition is one of the composite coating deposition techniques of a metal on a cathode during electrolysis through a method of purification. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is one of the potential non-hazardous electrolyte. In this work, NaCl was used as electrolyte in electrodeposition of copper-nickel on mild steel substrate. Three different parameter was used in order to find the suitable parameter to use in NaCl electrolyte. Optical Microscope (OM) shows all sample have different thickness of coating. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows distribution of coating on substrate and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy confirm element on coating. Results shows that 0.03 A current used in this NaCl electrolyte was most suitable as it shown highest thickness of coating and have fairly coating on substrate.
Thermogravimetric analysis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)/nano-Calcium phosphate (nCaP)/chitosan biocomposite for heat-related manufacturing process
Najah Mat Isa, Aisyah Razak, Aiman Haiqal, Sharifah Adzila
Aip Conference Proceedings, 2024
Nowadays, the adaptability of biodegradable Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) polymer has been thoroughly\nassessed to its full potential including shape, mechanical characteristics, thermal properties and biocompatibility.\nAdditionally, PHA has been produced as biomaterials with potential applications in bone regeneration. Similar to the\nmineral apatite found in human bones, nano calcium phosphates (nCaP) are minerals that are necessary for tissue\ndevelopment and cell adhesion, which have an impact on newly formed apatite. This study aims to investigate the influence\nof additives on thermal stability of biocomposite via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) machine. PHA pellets were mixed\nwith nCaP as filler ranging from 3-15wt% and 10wt% of chitosan binder via conventional melt compounding. Thermal\nanalysis showed that the addition of bio-filler improves thermal stability of PHA with highest onset temperature recorded\nat 208.1°C. Morphological analysis showed that the addition of nCaP and chitosan alters the flow characteristics of the\ncomposite resulting in surface roughness. Subsequently, in order to prevent the biocomposite from decomposing, all heatrelated activities particularly those involving machining, it is recommended to perform at temperatures that do not exceed\nthe onset temperature
MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE (PHA) REINFORCED WITH BIPHASIC CALCIUM PHOSPHATE (BCP) FROM EGGSHELL WASTE (EW) THROUGH INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS
Aisyah Razak, Najah Mat Isa, Sharifah Adzila, Aiman Haiqal, Faiz Mansor
Aip Conference Proceedings, 2023
Effect of Calcination Temperature on The Properties of Eggshell Waste (EW) Powder for Biomedical Application
Aisyah Razak, Najah Mat Isa, Sebastian Kinit, Sharifah Adzila
Evergreen, 2023
Eggshell waste has been developed as a viable choice for biomaterials in bone regeneration. In this study, eggshell waste was subjected to calcination at 600°C, 700°C, 800°C and 900°C for 4 hours, resulting in the complete conversion of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) into calcium oxide (CaO) powder. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Image J software, mean particle size powders and hardness values via Vickers-microhardness were investigated. Notably, powder calcined at 900°C has the highest mean hardness value due to powder densifications with narrow pore size. Therefore, CaO as a source of calcium ions indicates its potential use in biomedical applications.
Review on Eggshell Waste in Tissue Engineering Application
Aisyah Razak, , Najah M. I., Munirah -, Sharifah Adzila, , , and
International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 2022
Eggshell waste (EW) is an abundant waste from group of municipal solid waste that being neglected for a longtime untilits potential innumerous field being developed. High calcium content in EW make it favorable as potential starting material to be mixed with other biomaterial for tissue engineering application. This paper reviews the utilization of eggshell in producingcalciumphosphate and particular attention has been given to hydroxyapatite because of its bioactivity and osteoconductivity and tricalcium phosphate because of its resorbability in physiological medium. This reviews reveals interesting information and developments that have not, to our knowledge, previously been reported. Starting with the eggshell unique structure and properties with its application in various field as promising biomaterials. In addition to that, the emerging advanced manufacturing makesit possible for incorporating EW in biocomposite including metallic, ceramic and polymer. Similar to synthetic composite, this system also strive for excellent performance with exceptional in mimicking the structure of living materials along with providing biocompatibility.
Synthesis of calcium phosphate extracted from eggshell waste through precipitation method
Aisyah Razak, Najah Mat Isa, S. Adzila
Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 2021
Biomaterials for bone engineering applications are eagerly developing as traditional bone grafting methods show several drawbacks after and during operation. Eggshell waste contains high calcium suitable for developing biomaterials in hard tissue engineering as bone made up of calcium and phosphate. The precipitation method is one of the synthesis methods to produce calcium phosphate (CaP). In this work, calcium source was extracted from eggshell waste while phosphate source was from ortho-phosphoric acid. The synthesized CaP powder was calcined at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows two types of CaP patterns are hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) shows phosphate ion band in every sample while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the transformation of structure from needle-like to more fluffy and rounded-edge structure from uncalcined to 1000°C. From the results obtained, CaP extracted from eggshell waste was successfully synthesized from the precipitation method. This method contributes to the materials processing cost reduction and increases the application of natural materials instead of synthetic ones.