Clinically relevant anatomical variations in posterior intercostal neurovascular bundle Bijo Elsy Folia Morphologica Poland, 2025 BACKGROUND: This study focused on variations of the structures in the posterior intercostal neurovascular bundle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The posterior intercostal spaces (1st-11th) of 12 cadavers were dissected from the vertebral body to the anterior to the mid-axillary line. Variations in the arrangement, course, relations, and patterns, and rare features of the structures, were observed. RESULTS: In the neurovascular bundle, four types of arrangement of the structures from superior to inferior were observed. The presence of a foetal connecting branch between the left 9th and 10th posterior intercostal veins and the left 7th and 8th intercostal nerves was noted. The posterior intercostal artery passed lateral to the white ramus communicans of the corresponding intercostal nerve. The 1st thoracic ventral ramus and 2nd intercostal nerve were connected to the stellate and 2nd thoracic ganglia by different white rami communicantes. In the 1st intercostal space, type A and D intrathoracic nerves of Kuntz were observed. Collateral intercostal nerves had different points of origin, reaching the superior border of the inferior rib, and had communications and terminations. A left 7th collateral intercostal nerve originated from the connecting branch between the 7th and 8th intercostal nerves. A left 9th lateral cutaneous nerve originated from the collateral intercostal nerve. CONCLUSIONS: Intercostal nerve block and thoracic clinical procedures require an understanding of the variations in the neurovascular bundle. Awareness of the different types of intrathoracic nerves of Kuntz and white rami communicantes and foetal connecting branches between adjacent intercostal nerves and posterior intercostal vessels in adults is valuable in surgical approaches.
A case of morphological variations in the diaphragmatic crura and a congenital venous connection between the inferior vena cava and hemiazygos vein Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2025
Origin and branching pattern of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves and their exits in relation to the psoas major muscle: a cadaveric study Bijo Elsy, Waad Hassan Mohammad Asiri, Lina Eltag Sir Elkhatim Osman, Mansour Abdullah Saeed Alghamdi Anatomy and Cell Biology, 2025 This study aims to determine the level of origin, branching pattern and exits of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves in relation to the psoas major muscle. Additionally, this study confirms the presence and retroperitoneal courses of the double nerves. We dissected a total of 24 iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves (6 male and 6 female cadavers). The origin, branching, and exits in relation to the psoas major muscle, the absence of these nerves or the presence of double nerves, and their retroperitoneal course were carefully examined. All the images were recorded by photographing. In this study, we mainly observed variations in exits, branching patterns, and their retroperitoneal course. The iliohypogastric nerve was absent in 2 cases (8.3%). In the type I pattern, in 1 case (4.2%), the common trunk descends anteriorly to the iliac vessels from the iliolumbar vessels. In 4 cases (16.7%), the double ilioinguinal nerve with different branch patterns and retroperitoneal courses was observed. In 1 single nerve case (4.2%), the ilioinguinal nerve descends anterior to the iliac vessels from the iliolumbar vessels. To our knowledge, the branching pattern of the double ilioinguinal nerves and their retroperitoneal course have not been reported in any available data. Sound knowledge of the variations in the origin, branches, and retroperitoneal course of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves is very helpful for the improvement of peripheral nerve blocks and other various surgical procedures to avoid complications and nerve injuries.
Variations in the Anatomical Pattern of the Genitofemoral and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerves - Cadaveric Study Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, 2024
Exit point of the external nasal nerve-cadaveric study Bijo Elsy, , Mansour A. Alghamdi, Lina E.S. Osman, , and European Journal of Anatomy, 2024 This study aims to confirm how the external nasal nerve exits from the internal surface of the nasal bone to the dorsum of the nose and to determine the exact point of nerve emergence by macroscopic examination. Twenty external nasal nerves of both sexes from the elderly and adult age groups were dissected. The exit point of the external nasal nerve, the width of the nasocartilaginous joint, and the inferior border of the nasal bone from the midline to the nasomaxillary suture were measured. The nerve was classified according to its branching pattern. In this study, in the elderly group, the external nasal nerve enters the dorsum of the nose through the pyriform ligament and exits laterally to the nasocartilaginous joint. But in the adult age group the external nasal nerve exits between the nasal bone and the upper nasal cartilage. We observed mainly three types of nerve but did not find any subtypes or variations in the branching pattern. Among this main classification of nerves, more cases (70%) of type I were observed. However, based on our study, we concluded that the external nasal nerve enters the dorsum of the nose either between the nasal bone and the upper nasal cartilage, or it passes through the pyriform ligament and exits lateral to the nasocartilaginous joint. In rhinoplasty, knowledge about the course, exit point, branching pattern, and variations of the external nasal nerve is unavoidable.
Genetic Association between Interleukin Genes and Alopecia Areata in Jordanian Patients Laith N. AL-Eitan, Mansour A. Alghamdi, Rawan O. Al Momani, Hanan A. Aljamal, Bijo Elsy, Heitham M. Mohammed, Asim M. Abdalla Oman Medical Journal, 2022 Objectives Alopecia areata (AA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with a strong genetic predisposition. A variety of genes involved in immunity and inflammatory responses, such as cytokines, are suspected to increase the risk of developing AA. In which, different interleukin (IL) genes that associated with several autoimmune diseases and AA in varied populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible genetic association of AA with ten variants of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in IL12B,IL13,IL16,IL17A, and IL18 genes among Jordanian patients. Methods In this case-control study, peripheral blood samples of 152 Jordanian AA patients and 150 controls (total of 302 subjects) were collected, genomic DNA extracted and genotyped, based on which their allele and genotype frequencies were assessed. Results In the rs11073001 SNP located in the exon region of the IL16 gene, the A allele was distributed more frequently in AA patients (p =0.01). A difference was found between the patients and the controls for the rs17875491 SNP in the promoter region of the IL16 gene (p =0.04). The mean age of onset was 27.3±12.6 with male predominance. Most patients (68.4%) were asymptomatic but some reported experiencing associated sensations before the hair loss episodes. The patchy patterns of alopecia were the most common (90.3%). Nail changes were found in 7.3% of the patients. Conclusions The findings support the hypothesis of the involvement of IL16 gene in the etiology of AA. Moreover, it emphasizes the variations in the genetic component of AA, as well as the clinical phenotypes among different ethnic groups.
Aberrant right subclavian artery in a cadaver: A case report of an aortic arch anomaly M. A. Alghamdi, L. N. AL-Eitan, B. Elsy, A. M. Abdalla, H. Mutwakil Mohammed, A. G. A. Salih, S. Al Hilal Al Ghamdi Folia Morphologica Poland, 2021 In early embryogenesis, aortic anomalies occur as a consequence of disorders in the development of the primitive aortic arches system. Aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA), also known as arteria lusoria, is one of the important congenital anomalies of the aortic arch, in which the right subclavian artery arises from the arch of aorta instead of the brachiocephalic trunk. During routine dissection of a female cadaver, we observed retroesophageal aberrant right subclavian artery arising as the fourth branch from the aortic arch. In this case, the brachiocephalic trunk was absent. Early detection of aortic arch anomalies through diagnostic interventions is helpful to avoid complications during surgical procedures.
Bilateral branching variants of internal and external iliac arteries - cadaveric study European Journal of Anatomy, 2020
Effects of d-α-tocopherol on skeletal muscle regeneration in crushed injury of diabetic rats European Journal of Anatomy, 2017
