First-Principle Investigation of Optical Responses in Pristine and Oxygen- Modified g- C3N4 Soumik Kumar Kundu, Prativa Saha, Soumyadeep Seth, Samit Karmakar, G. S. Taki 2026 9th International Conference on Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano Technology Iementech 2026, 2026 A large amount of research has been devoted to determining what materials are suitable as photocatalysts for splitting water by using solar radiation to generate hydrogen and oxygen gas as products. The recent interest in sustainable energy and clean water has led to an increase in research activity relating to photocatalysts, specifically Photocatalytic Water-Splitting Materials. Graphitic carbon nitride (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$g-\mathrm{C}_{3} ~\mathrm{N}_{4}$</tex>), a low-cost and chemically stable photocatalyst, is a leading candidate for use in water-splitting reactions due to its ability to absorb a range of visible wavelengths. Due to limitations associated with not absorbing enough visible light and the quick recombination of the photo generated charge carriers, the photocatalytic performance of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{g}-\mathrm{C}_{3} ~\mathrm{N}_{4}$</tex> is still low. To better understand the electronic behavior of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$g-C_{3} N_{4}$</tex> as impacted by the introduction of oxygen, Density Functional Theory (DFT) will be utilized to study how the properties are affected, and therefore investigate the microscopic effects of oxygen doping of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$g-\mathrm{C}_{3} ~\mathrm{N}_{4}$</tex> throughout the visible light range. The electronic properties of three types of oxygen doping have been determined for both pristine g-C <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{N}_{4}$</tex> and g-C <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{N}_{4}$</tex> with the respective type(s) of oxygen doping: substitutional, interstitial, and add-atom doping configurations. The band structure and density of states for the three different doping types were analyzed, and their electronic properties systematically compared to those of pristine <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{g}-\mathrm{C}_{3} ~\mathrm{N}_{4}$</tex>. The results from these calculations indicate that oxygen doping greatly modifies the electronic structure and energy levels and band gap of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$g-C_{3} N_{4}$</tex>. The lowest electronic band gap value for the three doping types is for the substitutional oxygen doping. The decrease in the Band Gap of substitutional doping can be explained by the strong hybridization that exists between the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$O$</tex> 2p and C/N 2p orbitals of the material.
High-Accuracy Water Quality Detection Using IoT-Integrated Ensemble Machine Learning Ritam Mitra, Tanmay Samanta, Soumik Kumar Kundu, Samit Karmakar, Malay Gangopadhyay 2026 9th International Conference on Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano Technology Iementech 2026, 2026 Availability of clean and fresh drinking water sources is an increasingly insurmountable challenge with the accelerated urbanization, industrial wastes and pollution of natural sources. Traditional Lab analysis techniques are highly credible yet less cost and time efficient and also not practical in distant and repeated testing. To address these shortcomings, this paper explains and illustrates an effective and compact solution to testing the water quality, which is the integration of the IoT sensors with an ML prediction algorithm. It uses a specially developed probe of pH, turbidity and TDS parameters of data that continually monitors the data on site and wirelessly encrypts the data and subsequently sends it to a cloud server. It operates an ML algorithm that is learned on a big pre-screened database and it either classifies water as drink or undrinkable depending on sensor values. Ten models were tested experimentally under supervision, and it was established that the ensemble techniques, to be more precise the Random Forest Classification algorithm, were highly accurate and recovered 99.95% of the recall rate when it came to detecting unsafe water. The dashboard that can be immediately displayed on any device. Based on the outcome It is possible to observe that the IoT-ML architecture is a low-cost efficient system that can be used to analyze the water quality and, therefore, can be applied in the home environment, agriculture, and rural settings.
Autonomous Field-Monitoring Rover for Early Detection of Cattle Health Anomalies Using Yolov8 and Thermal Imaging Samriddha Roy, Kankana Karmakar, Subhabrata Banerjee, Soumik Kumar Kundu, Malay Gangopadhyaya 2026 9th International Conference on Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano Technology Iementech 2026, 2026 Health monitoring in cattle in most cattle rearing systems is done manually by visual inspection, which is inefficient in larger or open-field settings. Accordingly, symptoms of FMD and LSD are often overlooked in their early stages due to this system, contributing to losses and increased cattle risks. The paper describes an autonomous cattle health anomaly sentinel robot developed to monitor cattle in their early stages. The robots are equipped with an RGB camera and an IR thermal imaging sensor. The YOLOv8 model is used to analyze visual symptoms such as skin lesions, posture, and injuries, with thermal imaging used to analyze surface temperature variations indicative of high temperatures (due to sickness or heat stress), as well as estrous cycles. The results showed that it achieved an mAP@0.5 of 0.88 and thermal accuracy of 89% in farm environment.
Optimizing Drug Management: Enhancing Pharmacy Analytics and Electronic Health Records with Explainable AI and Graph Neural Networks Samit Karmakar, Chandan Kumar Mahato, Sourav Pandey, Sutapa Ray, Soumik Kumar Kundu, Md Moniruzzaman 2026 9th International Conference on Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano Technology Iementech 2026, 2026 The paper probe an improved upon AI-Driven approach to pharmacy analytics with Electronics Health Records (EHRs) by introducing XGBoost combined with SHAP for explainable medicine recommendation and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to predict drug-drugs interactions. The paper presents the growth and evaluation of an AI-powered medicine managements system unification SHAPs-based model interpretability and GNNs-based drug-drug interaction prediction to safeguard patient health. This research look at these models on public data and pretends to use healthcare data, achieving good accuracy, interpretability, and safety. The future work previous efforts by combining interpretability and safety into practical, patient pharmacy management.
A Sturdy Hybrid Framework for Differentiating Between Real and Forged Signatures Hritankar Sarkar, Souradip Ghosh, Rohan Chatterjee, Ratna Chakrabarty, Samit Karmakar, Soumik Kumar Kundu 2026 9th International Conference on Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano Technology Iementech 2026, 2026 This paper presents a hybrid signature verification framework that combines K-Means clustering in the HSV color space with ORB-based feature matching. This approach analyzes both the overall ink distribution and local structural details. By merging these methods, the system gains better ability to tell genuine signatures apart from forgeries through a dual-threshold decision mechanism. Experimental results show the framework's effectiveness, making it a practical choice for authentication applications.
Dual Layered Hybrid Blockchain Architecture - Securing Electronic Health Records (EHR) Using Blockchain Technology with AI Enabled EHR Data Analysis Samit Karmakar, Himanshu Shekhar, Piyush Rai, Souhardya Chowdhury, Srinjoy Bandyopadhyay, Ankana Roy, Soumik Kumar Kundu 2026 9th International Conference on Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano Technology Iementech 2026, 2026 With rapid advancement in technology and digitisation of data, the end users have started to perform their work more efficiently, minimising their work time. The enhancement of Electronic Health Records (EHR) is one of the examples of this digitisation, enabling less paperwork. But this advancement in EHR has raised challenges over the security and privacy of the user and the medical institution's data. To keep it safe and reliable for the users and the medical institutions, integrating EHR with blockchain technology would be a proposed solution to the problem. The combination of decentralised blockchain properties with cryptographic methods enhances the security. This paper proposes hybrid blockchain-based electronic health records, a hybrid multilayer blockchain architecture using artificial intelligence which provides ease of self-sustained approaches to personal privacy through smart contracts by keeping data control in user hands and AI-based anomaly detection and predictive analytics.
Power Prediction and Optimization for FPGA Designs Using Explainable Machine Learning Kankana Karmakar, Samriddha Roy, Swastika Sau, Soumik Kumar Kundu, Samit Karmakar, Subhabrata Banerjee, Sutapa Ray Adhikari 2026 9th International Conference on Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano Technology Iementech 2026, 2026 In the context of the increasing need for energy-efficient and resource-constrained computing systems, power consumption has become a major design constraint for the design of modern FPGA-based architectures. The conventional approach to power estimation for FPGA-based architectures relies on the analysis of the design at the post-synthesis level, which often requires a considerable amount of design iterations. This often results in increased design time and computation. To overcome this limitation of the conventional approach, this work presents a novel AI-based predictive approach for the power estimation of FPGA-based architectures using a set of machine learning regression models. The design parameters used for the proposed approach include a set of synthesis-inspired design parameters such as logic utilization, registers, fanout, clock frequency, and switching activity. The proposed approach uses a set of machine learning regression models such as Linear Regression, Decision Tree Regression, Random Forest Regression, and Gradient Boosting Regression for power estimation. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using a set of metrics such as cross-validation, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{R}^{\mathbf{2}}$</tex> score, and Root Mean Square Error. From the experimental results, it is observed that Linear Regression has the highest accuracy compared to other models, achieving an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{R}^{\mathbf{2}}$</tex> score of 0.992 and RMSE of 0.43 mW, which signifies the strong relationship between the design parameters and power consumption. Ensemble learning models are found to have high accuracy, where Gradient Boosting Regression achieves an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{R}^{\mathbf{2}}$</tex> score of 0.985 and RMSE of 0.60 mW, and Random Forest Regression achieves an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{R}^{\mathbf{2}}$</tex> score of 0.955 and RMSE of 1.03 mW, and Decision Tree Regression achieves an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{R}^{\mathbf{2}}$</tex> score of 0.913 and RMSE of 1.44 mW. Moreover, feature importance analysis provides useful insights into power-critical design parameters, which can be used for interpretable and AI-driven optimization. The proposed approach allows for accurate power prediction at the early design stage without relying on exhaustive synthesis-based power analysis, which simplifies the design complexity and reduces the development cycle for power-aware intelligent FPGA-based systems.
Evaluation and Comparison of Machine Learning Models for Precision Health Monitoring in IoT Systems Kankana Karmakar, Ishita Sen, Aditya Deb, Shilpy Suman Bhattacharya, Adreeza Banerjee, Soumik Kumar Kundu, Samit Karmakar 2026 9th International Conference on Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano Technology Iementech 2026, 2026 Precision health tracking has emerged as a key transformative approach in modern healthcare due to the possibility of continuous and real-time acquisition of physiological parameters by using infrastructures based on IoTs. Large volumes of heterogeneous data, such as heart rate, body temperature, SpO, and physical activity, are generated from IoT-enabled health monitoring systems. These high-dimensional data require robust and efficient ML techniques for an accurate interpretation of noisy data. This paper proposes an IoT-based precision health monitoring framework and conducts a comparative performance evaluation of several ML algorithms to identify the most suitable model for real-time health anomaly detection. The models include the Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines, Random Forests, and Gradient Boosting. In the experimental evaluation, the Gradient Boosting model, XGBoost, attains the best performance in view of accuracy, robustness to noise, and capability of handling nonlinear and multi-dimensional physiological data. The findings indicate that ensemble learning approaches are very effective when it comes to dependable and scalable precision health monitoring applications.
Comparative Evaluation of Classical Perturb and Observe and Incremental Conductance MPPT Algorithms for Photovoltaic Systems Supratim Nandi, Sumit Barnwal, Yash Vardhan Choudhary, Tanisha Goswami, Samit Karmakar, Soumik Kumar Kundu, Malay Gangopadhyaya 2026 9th International Conference on Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano Technology Iementech 2026, 2026 A power conditioning stage that includes a DC-DC converter is necessary, when combining photovoltaic systems with controlled current source loads. The operation of this converter is managed by Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques, in order to effectively harness the maximum energy possible from the solar array, and is sensitive to changes in solar irradiance and temperature. This study conducted a comparative analysis of two popular MPPT algorithms. Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (Inc), and brought into the picture factors such as characteristics of the PV modules and behavior of the converter, which were also considered to be of prime importance. The two algorithms were built and run on MATLAB/Simulink in response to fluctuating irradiation to test their accuracy, speed, and steady state efficiency, the results showing that even if P&O and Inc delivered nearly similar results, the latter's ability to accurately predict variations in system behavior made it a more preferred option for practical PV applications, in addition to being a consistent and reliable energy harvester.
Analytical Investigation of Field-Dependent Carrier Mobilities in Nanoscale GFETs Employing GO and HGO Channels Sagnik Bhattacharyya, Soumyadeep Seth, Samit Karmakar, Malay Gangopadhyay, Prativa Saha, Soumik Kumar Kundu, Ishani Ray Chaudhury, Debjit Biswas 2026 9th International Conference on Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano Technology Iementech 2026, 2026 This research presents the comparison of the field-dependent effective mobilities of GFETs using SLG, graphene oxide (GO), and HGO as channels at dimensions in the range of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{1 0 - 1 8 ~ n m}$</tex>. Since GO and HGO utilize oxidation and hydrogenation processes for bandgap engineering, ambipolarity can be reduced and then overcome in SLG. Analyzing the transfer curve of these GFETs shows extremely high values of extracted field effect mobilities <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\left(10^{3}-10^{5} ~\text{cm}^{2} ~\mathrm{V}^{-1} ~\mathrm{s}^{-1}\right)$</tex> for SLG, low values of insulated regions (less than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{1} \text{cm}^{2} ~\mathrm{V}^{-1} ~\mathrm{s}^{-1}$</tex>) for GO, and relatively moderate values for HGO (order of 10-12 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{c m}^{\mathbf{2}} \mathbf{V}^{\mathbf{- 1}} \mathbf{s}^{\mathbf{- 1}}$</tex>). Output curve measurements using MOSFET parameters also show consistent results for HGO. Additionally, electrostatic control, short-channel effect, and output resistances measured using GFETs having scaled HGO and SLG channels also support HGO as a superior variant over SLG.
High-Accuracy Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using DenseNet-201 Architecture Samit Karmakar, Oishi Banerjee, Priyanshu Mazumder, Animesh Dutta, Aman Verma, Soumik Kumar Kundu, Ratna Chakrabarty, Madhusmita Behera 2026 9th International Conference on Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano Technology Iementech 2026, 2026
A Brief Review on AI Based Stock Market Prediction Tools Soumya Basu, Anurag Shaw, Rahul Thakur, Soumik Kumar Kundu, Samit Karmakar 2025 8th International Conference on Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano Technology Iementech 2025, 2025
Performance Analysis of FinFETs with different Fin structures Bidyendu Ghoshal, Samit Karmakar, Soumik Kr. Kundu, Mili Sarkar Proceedings of IEEE 2023 5th International Conference on Advances in Electronics Computers and Communications Icaecc 2023, 2023
A Study on Device Properties of High Electron Mobility Transistors Prasanga Taki, Pratham Padala, Ritam Panja, Samit Karmakar, Soumik Kumar Kundu, Mili Sarkar, G S Taki 2023 7th International Conference on Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano Technology Iementech 2023, 2023
Advancements in Schottky Diode Technology: A Comprehensive Review Soumik Kumar Kundu, Shreyan Sarkar, Arnab Mondal, Anushka Bandyopadhyay, Soumily Ray, Nayan Kamal, Animesh Ghosh, Samit Karmakar 2023 7th International Conference on Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano Technology Iementech 2023, 2023
Bandgap Study of Defect Induced Graphene Structures Samit Karmakar, Soumik Kumar Kundu, G. S. Taki 2021 5th International Conference on Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano Technology Iementech 2021, 2021
A study on high-κ gate stack for MOS-FET Soumik Kumar Kundu, Samit Karmakar, Md. Samim Reza, Arindam Dutta, G.S. Taki 2015 International Conference and Workshop on Computing and Communication Iemcon 2015, 2015