Biodiversity science is improved when silent herbaria speak Daniel A. Zhigila, Ryan J. Schmidt‐Knapik, Barbara M. Thiers, Suleiman D. Abdul, Salihu Abdullahi, et al. Plants People Planet, 2025 Societal Impact StatementHerbaria in the Global South are critical yet underutilized resources for biodiversity science and are often absent from international databases and research networks. We highlight the phenomenon of “silent herbaria” using Nigeria as a case study and quantify how these collections fill important gaps in global biodiversity knowledge. By integrating these collections into international systems, we can strengthen ecological models, promote research equity, and support global efforts to democratize science and build more inclusive biodiversity infrastructures.Summary Herbaria represent a global biodiversity heritage essential for botanical research and conservation assessments. Despite their importance, herbaria around the world—especially in under‐resourced regions, including much of Africa—are “silent.” Silent collections are relatively unknown, underused, and underappreciated by the global botanical community. Here, we illustrate these problems through a detailed case‐study of Nigerian herbaria and demonstrate that biodiversity assessments can be dramatically improved when silent herbaria are empowered to speak. We identified that new herbaria in Africa are being established at a faster rate than suggested by international registries. Over 70% of Nigerian herbaria are unrecognized in key international registries, making them nearly invisible and inaccessible to the global research community. More than 90% of these collections remain undigitized and thus are inaccessible online. Because these collections capture critical temporal and spatial gaps not represented in herbaria outside of Nigeria, their absence from global databases reduces the accuracy of large‐scale biodiversity models. Despite these many striking challenges, the number of silent herbaria in Nigeria has increased at a rate faster than the global average owing to commitments by Nigerian biodiversity scholars and administrators to prioritize herbaria for research and education. However, severely limited funding and inadequate infrastructure to effectively house these collections threaten their continued use, growth, sustainability, and online mobilization. Silent herbaria are critical for improving biodiversity science at regional and global levels. Integration into global networks, increased investment, and digitization efforts are crucial for giving voice to silent herbaria in Africa. Large benefits to biodiversity science will accrue rapidly from such investment and integration.
Growth and yield assessment of Sphenostylis stenocarpa affected by virus infection A. Mofunanya, V. B. Ogar, J. Oni, Theresa Ebia Omarachong, F. Akomaye Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2020 African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) is an underexploited legume with the potential of becoming an alternative food staple to alleviate the problem of food security. An assessment was carried out on the growth and yield of AYB affected by Telfairia mosaic virus (TeMV) Infection. Telfairia mosaic virus caused severe mosaic, leaf distortion and malformation on AYB. Analyses of results revealed that TeMV caused significant (P=0.05) reduction in growth parameters of AYB; leaf area, shoot height, number of leaves produced, leaf fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR). Results depicted differences between healthy and infected plants with percentage reduction in leaf area, shoot height, leaf fresh and dry weight at 120 DAI of 41.5%, 48.4%, 29.6% and 25.5% respectively. Relative growth rate, NAR had reductions of 27.2%, 39.1% at 30 DAI and 27.0% for LAR at 120 DAI. Infection also led to significant (P=0.05) yield loses; reduction in pod length, pod width, pod weight, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod, number of seed per plant, 100 seed weight. The virus caused insignificant reduction in seed length and breadth. Yield reduction due to TeMV infection in pod length of 24.7%, pod weight (40.8%), number of pod per plant (22.1%), number of seed per pod (25.6%) and number of seed per plant (40.5%). The reduction in growth and yield loses occasioned by TeMV may limit the potential of AYB from becoming an alternative food source in Nigeria.
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
In Silico Characterization of Physicochemical Properties and Structural Features of MatK Proteins in Selected Nigerian Plants FA Akomaye, MO Ononyume, DO Onah, MT Akesa Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS) 12 (1b), 348 - 359 , 2026 2026
Effect of drying methods on the phytochemical composition and bioactive compounds of two oyster mushroom species using GC-MS MIO Agba, BA Ngele, PO Willie, FA Akomaye Tropical Journal of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4 (7), 286 … , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Biodiversity science is improved when silent herbaria speak DA Zhigila, RJ Schmidt‐Knapik, BM Thiers, SD Abdul, S Abdullahi, ... Plants, People, Planet , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
Comparative immune response of four chicken genotypes to Newcastle vaccine and TLR4 gene polymorphisms BB Ushie, EE Ekerette, FA Akomaye, JB Ushie, EV Ikpeme Scientific African 27, e02514 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Flora of Bonny Coastal Environment, Rivers State, Nigeria. v1.1. University of Calabar. Dataset/Occurrence. L Ajikah, T Onuminya, O Ogundipe, F Akomaye https://ipt-nigeria.gbif.fr/resource?r=floraofbonnycoastalenvironmentsrivers … , 2022 2022
An occurrence record of plants in Coastal Environments within Emohua Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria. v1.1. University of Calabar. Dataset/Occurrence L Ajikah, T Onuminya, O Ogundipe, F Akomaye https://ipt-nigeria.gbif.fr/resource?r=emouha&v=1.1 , 2022 2022
Biodiversity of Delta Coastal Environment, Delta State, Nigeria. v1.3. University of Calabar. Dataset/Occurrence L Ajikah, T Onuminya, O Ogundipe, F Akomaye https://ipt-nigeria.gbif.fr/resource?r=floraofdeltacoastalenvironments&v=1.3 , 2022 2022
Diversity, distribution, and conservation status of forest tree species in cross river state, Nigeria PI Akwaji, GN Oden, DO Onah, EI Okon, LB Ajikah, FA Akomaye Sustainability and Biodiversity Conservation 1 (1), 42-83 , 2022 2022 Citations: 9
A Checklist of Plants and Animals in the Delta Coastal Environments. v1.2. University of Calabar. Dataset/Checklist. L Ajikah, T Onuminya, O Ogundipe, F Akomaye https://ipt-nigeria.gbif.fr/resource?r … , 2022 2022
A checklist of flora and fauna of Onne Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria. v1.0. University of Calabar. Dataset/Checklist L Ajikah, T Onuminya, O Ogundipe, F Akomaye, P Akwaji http://ipt-nigeria.gbif.fr/resource?r=onnelga&v=1.0 , 2022 2022
A Checklist of flora and fauna of Biseni, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. v1.0. University of Calabar. Dataset/Checklist. L Ajikah, T Onuminya, O Ogundipe, F Akomaye http://ipt-nigeria.gbif.fr/resource?r=biseni&v=1.0 , 2022 2022
AChecklist of Flora and Fauna of Tibidaba, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. v1.0. University of Calabar. Dataset/Checklist AF Ajikah L, Onuminya T, Ogundipe O http://ipt-nigeria.gbif.fr/resource?r=tibidaba&v=1.0 , 2022 2022
Floral composition and diversity of the lagos coastal environment, South-Western, Nigeria OT Ajikah, L. B., Adekanmbi, O. H., Oyebanji, O. O., Agboola, O. O., Akomaye ... African Journal of Ecology, 1–11 , 2022 2022 Citations: 4
Physiological Variations in Cucurbita moschata Duch. Ex. Poir Due to a Nigerian Strain of Moroccan Watermelon Virus: Lagenaria breviflora Isolate AO Mofunanya, A. A. J., Effa, E. A., Etim, D. O., Akomaye, F. A., & Damian Annual Research & Review in Biology 36 (8), 18-26 , 2021 2021 Citations: 1
Physiological Alterations in Sphenostylis stenocarpa due to Telfairia mosaic virus AAJ Mofunanya, TE Omara-Achong, FA Akomaye, VB Ogar, JO Oni Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 68 (4), 728-734 , 2021 2021
Sensitivity of Amaranthus hybridus L. Physiological Parameters to Telfairia mosaic virus Infection AAJ Mofunanya, VB Ogar, RA Bassey, FA Akomaye, AO Damian Science Letters 2020, 18-24 , 2021 2021 Citations: 1
Physiological interactions of Phaseolus vulgaris L. with Telfairia mosaic virus AAJ Mofunanya, EA Effa, BA Ngele, FA Akomaye, AO Damian Acta Scientific AGRICULTURE (ISSN: 2581-365X) 5 (6) , 2021 2021 Citations: 3
Amino Acid Profiles and Bioactive Compounds of Four Inedible Mushrooms from Oban Division of Cross River National Park (CRNP), Nigeria AO Oni, J. O., Akomaye, F. A., Umana, E. J., & Damian European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 2 (2), 11-18 , 2021 2021 Citations: 11
Flora and Pollen Album of Mbe Mountains community Wildlife Sanctuary JK Ebigwai, GM Ubi, FA Akomaye 2021
Limitation on Growth and Yield of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Due to Telfairia Mosaic Virus AAJ Mofunanya, EA Effa, BA Ngele, FA Akomaye, AO Damian Asian Plant Research Journal 7 (2), 30-38 , 2021 2021
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Some Wild-Edible Mushrooms from Calabar, Southern Nigeria ACE Juliet O. Oni, Ferdinand A. Akomaye, Aniedi-Abasi A. Markson European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 1 (6) , 2020 2020 Citations: 48
Species diversity and regeneration potential of some mixed mangrove forests in Escravos Communities Delta State Nigeria JK Ebigwai, F Akomaye Research journal of Forestry 8 (2), 34-47 , 2014 2014 Citations: 17
Amino Acid Profiles and Bioactive Compounds of Four Inedible Mushrooms from Oban Division of Cross River National Park (CRNP), Nigeria AO Oni, J. O., Akomaye, F. A., Umana, E. J., & Damian European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 2 (2), 11-18 , 2021 2021 Citations: 11
Diversity, distribution, and conservation status of forest tree species in cross river state, Nigeria PI Akwaji, GN Oden, DO Onah, EI Okon, LB Ajikah, FA Akomaye Sustainability and Biodiversity Conservation 1 (1), 42-83 , 2022 2022 Citations: 9
Biodiversity science is improved when silent herbaria speak DA Zhigila, RJ Schmidt‐Knapik, BM Thiers, SD Abdul, S Abdullahi, ... Plants, People, Planet , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
Comparative immune response of four chicken genotypes to Newcastle vaccine and TLR4 gene polymorphisms BB Ushie, EE Ekerette, FA Akomaye, JB Ushie, EV Ikpeme Scientific African 27, e02514 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Floral composition and diversity of the lagos coastal environment, South-Western, Nigeria OT Ajikah, L. B., Adekanmbi, O. H., Oyebanji, O. O., Agboola, O. O., Akomaye ... African Journal of Ecology, 1–11 , 2022 2022 Citations: 4
Physiological interactions of Phaseolus vulgaris L. with Telfairia mosaic virus AAJ Mofunanya, EA Effa, BA Ngele, FA Akomaye, AO Damian Acta Scientific AGRICULTURE (ISSN: 2581-365X) 5 (6) , 2021 2021 Citations: 3
Effect of drying methods on the phytochemical composition and bioactive compounds of two oyster mushroom species using GC-MS MIO Agba, BA Ngele, PO Willie, FA Akomaye Tropical Journal of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4 (7), 286 … , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Growth and Yield Assessment of Sphenostylis stenocarpa Affected by Virus Infection. AAJ Mofunanya, VB Ogar, JO Oni, TE Omarachong, FA Akomaye Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology 11 (1), 3433-3441 , 2020 2020 Citations: 2
Resolving Taxonomic Ambiguity Between Two Morphological Similar Plant Taxa Using Maturase K Gene Analysis J.K. Ebigwai, F.A. Akomaye and G.M. Ubi Journal of Biological sciences 20 (1), 13-21 , 2020 2020 Citations: 2
Physiological Variations in Cucurbita moschata Duch. Ex. Poir Due to a Nigerian Strain of Moroccan Watermelon Virus: Lagenaria breviflora Isolate AO Mofunanya, A. A. J., Effa, E. A., Etim, D. O., Akomaye, F. A., & Damian Annual Research & Review in Biology 36 (8), 18-26 , 2021 2021 Citations: 1
Sensitivity of Amaranthus hybridus L. Physiological Parameters to Telfairia mosaic virus Infection AAJ Mofunanya, VB Ogar, RA Bassey, FA Akomaye, AO Damian Science Letters 2020, 18-24 , 2021 2021 Citations: 1
In Silico Characterization of Physicochemical Properties and Structural Features of MatK Proteins in Selected Nigerian Plants FA Akomaye, MO Ononyume, DO Onah, MT Akesa Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS) 12 (1b), 348 - 359 , 2026 2026
Flora of Bonny Coastal Environment, Rivers State, Nigeria. v1.1. University of Calabar. Dataset/Occurrence. L Ajikah, T Onuminya, O Ogundipe, F Akomaye https://ipt-nigeria.gbif.fr/resource?r=floraofbonnycoastalenvironmentsrivers … , 2022 2022
An occurrence record of plants in Coastal Environments within Emohua Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria. v1.1. University of Calabar. Dataset/Occurrence L Ajikah, T Onuminya, O Ogundipe, F Akomaye https://ipt-nigeria.gbif.fr/resource?r=emouha&v=1.1 , 2022 2022
Biodiversity of Delta Coastal Environment, Delta State, Nigeria. v1.3. University of Calabar. Dataset/Occurrence L Ajikah, T Onuminya, O Ogundipe, F Akomaye https://ipt-nigeria.gbif.fr/resource?r=floraofdeltacoastalenvironments&v=1.3 , 2022 2022
A Checklist of Plants and Animals in the Delta Coastal Environments. v1.2. University of Calabar. Dataset/Checklist. L Ajikah, T Onuminya, O Ogundipe, F Akomaye https://ipt-nigeria.gbif.fr/resource?r … , 2022 2022
A checklist of flora and fauna of Onne Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria. v1.0. University of Calabar. Dataset/Checklist L Ajikah, T Onuminya, O Ogundipe, F Akomaye, P Akwaji http://ipt-nigeria.gbif.fr/resource?r=onnelga&v=1.0 , 2022 2022
A Checklist of flora and fauna of Biseni, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. v1.0. University of Calabar. Dataset/Checklist. L Ajikah, T Onuminya, O Ogundipe, F Akomaye http://ipt-nigeria.gbif.fr/resource?r=biseni&v=1.0 , 2022 2022