Effects of tree features on hydrophysical soil properties in European agroforestry systems: systematic review Anna Mária Mitrová, Tomáš Vichta, Petr Zapletal, Jiří Volánek, Štěpán Neubauer, et al. Agroforestry Systems, 2025 Hydrophysical soil properties are critical determinants of agricultural sustainability and ecosystem resilience. These properties influence soil–water dynamics, nutrient cycling, and overall soil health. Although the potential of agroforestry to mitigate soil degradation is well-established, a comprehensive synthesis of its effects on hydrophysical properties in European contexts has been lacking. This review systematically analyzes 40 studies examining the effects of woody vegetation in European Agroforestry Systems (EAFS). Findings reveal that woody components generally enhance hydrophysical soil properties across diverse EAFS. A consistent decrease in bulk density and increase in porosity were reported, leading to improved water infiltration, retention, and storage capacities. Hedgerows and shelterbelts were particularly effective in increasing hydraulic conductivity and mitigating surface runoff and erosion, with positive effects localized near woody vegetation. Silvopastoral systems demonstrated significant improvements in soil water content and infiltration rates, particularly in Mediterranean regions. However, variability was evident, influenced by tree age, species composition, spatial configurations, and management practices. Critical research gaps were identified, including limited data on subsoil dynamics, geographic biases favouring Mediterranean systems, and methodological inconsistencies across studies. Addressing these gaps through standardized protocols and multidisciplinary approaches is essential to fully realise the potential of EAFS in enhancing soil functions and adapting agro-ecosystems to climate challenges. Implementing tailored management practices that consider local climatic and edaphic conditions is essential for maximizing the hydrological and ecological benefits of EAFS. Graphical abstract
Substrate Enrichment with Clinoptilolite: Limits and Possibilities for Container-Grown Seedling Propagation Aleš Kučera, Jiří Volánek, Gabriela Tomášová, Ladislav Holík, Marie Balková, et al. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2025 This study examines the benefits of adding clinoptilolite (zeolite) to forest nursery substrates (growth medium) to optimise cultivation of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings. Ten growth medium variants were tested, each consisting of a basic peat substrate (nutrient-enriched / non-enriched) with the addition of different quantities of zeolite in different forms (ammonium nitrate and potassium sulphate-enriched / non-enriched). Zeolite had a limiting effect on plant growth, with greater seedling growth in substrates with a low proportion of zeolite (5%), and lower root biomass and root: shoot ratios in substrates with higher proportions. In the latter case, exchangeably-bound divalent base cations (Ca2 + and Mg2+) were enriched in both the sorption complex and aqueous solution due to cation exchange. At the same time, antagonistic K + cations were depleted in leaves, despite high concentrations in the substrate. Higher doses also reduced above-ground height/root collar diameter, with substrate type as main cause, irrespective of zeolite content. These findings confirm a dose-dependent effect of zeolite, with low concentrations (5%) stimulating seedling growth and higher doses (especially 20%) leading to impaired rood development, primarily due to K + deficiency caused by Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ antagonism. By identifying physiological thresholds for zeolite use in silvicultural substrates, we provide important new information for ensuring the success of European beech seedling cultivation for climate-resilient regeneration projects.
The effect of soil conditions on submountain site suitability for Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) in Central Europe P Samec, J Volánek, L Holík, P Rychtecká, M Balková, et al. Iforest, 2023 Norway spruce ( Picea abies [L.] Karst.) occurred rarely at submountain altitudes before reaching its present position as the most important economic tree species in Central Europe. Spruce cultivation outside of natural sites is under constant threat from harmful agents. In this study, we focused on the indication of potentially suitable planting sites for Norway spruce in areas of protected submountain (< 700 m a.s.l) populations using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of soil properties in oak-beech, mixed and spruce stands in the territory of the Czech Republic. The soil A-horizon properties in mixed stands were more similar to those in spruce than in broadleaved stands; stand mixtures resulted in lower soil property separability than the localization of individual populations (57% and 85%, respectively). The suitable sites were defined by acid phosphomonoesterase > 151 µg hour -1 , soil porosity > 63%, aeration > 53%, bulk density < 0.86 g cm -3 , cation exchange capacity < 18 cmol + kg -1 , C org < 9% and N tot < 0.5% in clusters comprising the Bohemian highlands, North Bohemian rock cities and the Outer Western Carpathians. The LDA of soil properties offered a useful tool for assessing both naturalness and forest threats to support sustainable management.
Alteration in the amount of Glomalin in transition from forest to field/meadow Vranová Valerie, Holik Ladislav Soil Use and Management, 2022 Glomalin produced by fungal mycelium represents a significant stabilizing element of soil aggregates and a relatively stable carbon reservoir in the soil. The aim of our research was to investigate the changes in the amount of glomalin‐related soil protein (GRSP) associated with the transition from forest to meadow or field conditions at the four transects during the 2016 growing season. The method Near Infrared Spectrometry was applied for measuring the amount of GRSP. The measurements have demonstrated that the amount of GRSP decreased both in the points adjacent to the ecotone in the meadow and the field at the Bukovinka and the Proklest A transects. At the two transects, the changes in the amount of GRSP between the forest, the ecotone and the meadow were statistically insignificant except for the point 4 where more GRSP was found out in the meadow and the ecotone than in the forest.