In-Silico prediction and characterization of Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus proteins for development of immunodiagnostics Kirtika Sharma, K. G. Sai Balaji, Karikalan Mathesh, Pracheta Janmeda, Gaurav Kumar Sharma Environment Conservation Journal, 2026 Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) is a major cause of fatal hemorrhagic disease in juvenile elephants, highlighting the urgent need for reliable serological diagnostic tools for early detection and epidemiological surveillance. Effective EEHV immunodiagnostics require a conserved, stable, and immune reactive antigen capable of consistent antibody detection across viral strains. As EEHV is a non-cultivable virus encoding approximately 115 structural and non-structural proteins, careful selection of suitable diagnostic targets is essential. In the present study, an in silico approach was employed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of selected EEHV proteins. The study moves beyond descriptive in-silico characterization by integrating antigenicity, physicochemical stability, glycosylation profiling, and rational truncation to identify recombinant antigens with direct applicability in EEHV immunodiagnostic platforms. The full-length DNA polymerase (1047 aa), glycoprotein B (gB; 847 aa), and glycoprotein L (gL; 304 aa) were analyzed for sequence conservation, physicochemical properties, antigenicity, and glycosylation patterns. Multiple sequence alignment revealed a high degree of conservation among EEHV1A strains, with approximately 99% sequence identity across all three genes, underscoring their evolutionary stability and functional importance. Glycosylation prediction identified minimal post-translational modification potential within the N-terminal regions, enabling rational truncation. Based on these analyses, truncated fragments of DNA polymerase (95 aa), gB (387 aa), and gL (164 aa) were selected for recombinant antigen development. The selected fragments exhibited favorable physicochemical properties, including stability, hydrophilicity, positive net charge, and high antigenicity scores (0.5209, 0.5271, and 0.2572, respectively). These findings support the suitability of truncated EEHV proteins, particularly DNA polymerase, as recombinant antigens for competitive ELISA development and provide a rational framework for EEHV serological assay design.
Psychedelic and Medicinal Mushrooms: Potent Source of Active Metabolites and Medicines Priya Chaudhary, Pracheta Janmeda Current Bioactive Compounds, 2026 Background: Mushrooms, usually used for their nutritional and culinary properties, have recently gained attention for their medicinal effects, so that they are not only used as dietary foods but also as mycotherapeutics, nutraceuticals, and food supplements. Objective: The aim of this study is therefore to educate readers about various mushrooms with medicinal benefits. Methodology: A large number of English-language publications from different databases were analysed for this purpose. Results: Medicinal mushrooms have been attributed various biological properties, e.g. prebiotic, antihyperlipidaemic, anti-allergic, antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial. These properties are due to the presence of various bioactive compounds presentin the mycelium and fruiting bodies. The biological effects of these bioactive compounds vary according to their chemical nature, and their distribution varies according to the type of mushroom. Psilocybin-containing mushrooms have been consumed in different parts of the world for thousands of years. Originally they were used for ethnomycological purposes, but more recent evidence points to the pharmacological value of these mushrooms for the treatment of disorders related to oxidative stress. Conclusion: This review aims to discuss the prevalence and most studied bioactive compounds of psychedelic and medicinal mushrooms.
Comparative Study on Quantitative Analysis and In Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Leaf and Stem of Salvadora oleoides (Decne.) and Optimization of Flavonoids Using RSM Nidhi Varshney, Devendra Singh, Pracheta Janmeda Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 2026 This study quantitatively estimated bioactive compounds in leaves and stem of Salvadora oleoides ( S. oleoides ) and evaluated in vitro antioxidant activity of aqueous and organic extracts (petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) using 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), MC, FRAP, RP, and TAC methods. The response surface methodology (RSM) was also used to optimize extractive value and total flavonoid contents. Aqueous leaf extract contained the highest saponin (13.36 ± 0.19 mg/g), whereas ethanolic leaf extract had the highest flavonoid (12.61 ± 1.03 mg/g) with strongest antioxidant effects (DPPH IC 50 0.39 ± 0.02 µg/mL; MC IC 50 0.27 ± 0.01 µg/mL; RP 1.25 ± 0.04 mg/g; TAC 1.16 ± 0.01 mg/g). Ethyl acetate extract of stem showed pronounced DPPH (IC 50 0.41 ± 0.02 µg/mL), MC (IC 50 0.15 ± 0.02 µg/mL), and RP (1.05 ± 0.01 mg/g), whereas ethanolic extract showed highest FRAP (1.13 ± 0.01 mg/g), yielding the highest TAC (1.13 ± 0.58 mg/g) for chloroform extract. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed highly significant relationships among antioxidant measures ( p < 0.0001), and RSM optimization identified the conditions that maximize extractive yield and flavonoid contents. These findings indicate that the leaves and stem of S. oleoides are rich sources of flavonoids and saponins with strong antioxidant potential, supporting their use in herbal formulations and nutraceutical development.
Isolation, Development and Validation of Chromatographic Methods for the Estimation of Linoleic Acid from Different Parts of Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. Priya Chaudhary, Devendra Singh, Mukesh Meena, Pracheta Janmeda Current Analytical Chemistry, 2026 Objectives: This is the first report on the development and validation of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-densitometric methods for the identification of linoleic acid (LA) in petroleum ether extract (PEE) of Euphorbia neriifolia (EN) stem (ST), latex (LX), and bark (BA). Methodology: Chromatographic analyses were performed on silica gel-G and silica gel 60 F254 plates and the antioxidant activities of isolated compounds were investigated by 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) spectrophotometric assay. Results: The chromatographic analyses revealed better spots and well-separated peaks of LA with retention factor (Rf) values at 0.54 (ST), 0.40 (LX), and 0.64 (BA), respectively. The linearity of the calibration curve ranges from 10-50 ng/spot (ST), 10-100 ng/spot (LX), and 50-200 ng/spot (BA). The proposed method was characterized by better accuracy, better robustness, and good precision, ranging from 0.173 to 0.372% (intra-day) and 0.185 to 0.205% (inter-day). The value of the limit of detection and quantification equal to 1.04 and 3.16 ng/spot in ST, 0.87 and 2.64 ng/spot in LX, and 0.177 and 0.53 ng/spot in BA determined the sensitivity of the method. In the obtained chromatogram, no peak was observed other than the LA which determined the specificity of the method. The % RSD of < 2% after periods of 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h determined the stability of standard LA. Conclusion: Thus, the fingerprinting method is valuable in determining the adulterants and in routine quality control of formulations and herbal drugs.
Introduction to Cancer Metabolism Gomathi Mohan, Mukesh Meena, Manzer H. Siddiqui, Gaurav Raturi, Pracheta Janmeda, et al. Cancer Treatment and Research, 2026
