JOSE ALBERTO MARTINEZ GONZALEZ
@ull.es
Department of Business Administration and Economic History
LA LAGUNA UNIVERSITY
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Human Resources
Management
Entrepreneurship
Leadership
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Carmen D. Álvarez-Albelo and José Alberto Martínez-González
SAGE Publications
A destination card has been widely used by destination management organizations to coordinate the complementary tourism supply. Such coordination, which involves pricing a destination card, is challenging when a foreign tour operator is present. Though the literature shows that cooperative pricing between a destination management organization and a tour operator increases total profits, the most advantageous profit sharing for a destination has not been addressed. With a theoretical model of base and add-on products, this paper identifies the arrangement between a public destination management organization and a foreign tour operator that will accrue the highest profits for a destination. It is found that the most profitable option for a destination is a cooperative agreement in which the foreign tour operator is offered the same profits as a price leader under non-cooperation. This result comes from the fact that non-cooperation entails an unstable situation in which the tour operator is not willing to relinquish price leadership. The findings are of practical interest to help achieve economic sustainability in tourism destinations that rely on foreign tour operators and seek to coordinate their complementary tourism supply.
José Alberto Martínez-González, Carmen Dolores Álvarez-Albelo, Javier Mendoza-Jiménez, and Urszula Kobylinska
MDPI AG
It is essential to understand the variables that explain and predict the behaviour of starting up a new company in a regional context. This study aims to analyse the theoretical basis and predictive potential of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data, considering the concerns and suggestions of other authors. In addition to an extensive literature review, a PLS-SEM methodology and data on variables and countries from the latest GEM report are used in this study. The results show that GEM reports have a sufficient theoretical foundation for quality studies in this field. In addition, a valid and reliable causal model is designed that includes all personal and contextual GEM variables. The hypotheses of the proposed model are based on the existing causal relationships in the literature, using GEM data in its formulation. The model is comprehensive and practical because it significantly predicts entrepreneurial behaviour, particularly entrepreneurial intention and action. The usefulness of this study is high, both for researchers, practitioners and institutions wishing to understand better and further promote entrepreneurial behaviour at a regional (country) level.
Carmen D Álvarez-Albelo and José A Martínez-González
SAGE Publications
Inter-firm coordination agreements through a destination card (DC) are a widespread profit-increasing strategy in tourism destinations. Literature on tourism economics argues that this type of coordination increases social efficiency. However, industrial organization studies consider heterogeneous consumers and warn that a DC-type agreement can be welfare impairing. Conflicting views have become an issue for tourism destinations, as collusion is in the crosshairs of antitrust regulators. This paper aims to clarify these contradictory results by developing a duopoly model with heterogeneous tourists. A sensible demand structure is assumed which, unlike previous literature, includes loyal demand segments. A policy prescription is obtained, namely, a DC alliance is welfare enhancing if DC price is equal to or lower than the cost of joint consumption under no coordination. However, a greater total surplus in markets may be accompanied by a reduction in consumer welfare, which differs from the conventional view in tourism economics.
Almudena Barrientos-Báez, José Alberto Martínez-González, Francisco Javier García-Rodríguez, and José Gómez Galán
Centre of Sociological Research, NGO
According to the scientific literature, the entrepreneur is the key to entrepreneurship, which is an essential process for the economic and social development of a country. Within the framework of the psychological traits or attributes of the entrepreneur, entrepreneurial skills and vocation, which are the prelude to entrepreneurial intention and behaviour, are currently necessary – considering that young people will form the next generation of entrepreneurs and that higher education plays a fundamental role in entrepreneurship. This paper's main objective is to analyse university students' perceptions about their competence and vocation for entrepreneurship in this context. The research has been carried out in a sample of Spanish university students (N=380) using a quantitative, descriptive, and discriminant methodology. The obtained results allow us to conclude that young people view entrepreneurship competencies positively and have a vocation for entrepreneurship but do not consider themselves competent or self-efficient. Further, specific and significant gender differences have been identified in young people's perceptions, in line with other authors' conclusions and with the GEM reports. All these findings, which make up novel contributions, are of great use in promoting entrepreneurship in university.
José Alberto Martínez-González, Urszula Kobylinska, and Desiderio Gutiérrez-Taño
MDPI AG
This article studies the variables of entrepreneurship at the regional (countries) level proposed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) in its periodic global reports. This response to the suggestions and concerns of various authors is related to the need to analyze the theoretical foundation of the variables used by GEM. The validity and reliability of GEM data for the scientific study of entrepreneurship are also analyzed. Finally, the potential of GEM data to manage entrepreneurship variables at the country level is studied. Data from the GEM global report and the fifty countries for which data are available on all variables are used in the study. The methodology used is the Rasch mathematical model, a valuable alternative to the Classical Theory of the Test. The results confirm the theoretical validity of GEM data, its validity and reliability for the development of scientific studies, and its potential for managing entrepreneurship variables at the country level. Both the methodology used and the conclusions obtained constitute novel contributions to this field.
José Alberto Martínez-González, Vidina Tais Díaz-Padilla, and Eduardo Parra-López
MDPI AG
In this paper, the potential of the World Economic Forum (WEF) model to analyze tourism competitiveness is studied. The study aims to analyze the WEF model’s validity, reliability and dimensionality. It attempts to determine the WEF model’s potential for studying tourism destinations’ competitiveness in an integrated context. Finally, using the WEF model, Portugal’s competitiveness is analyzed in an integrated and benchmarking context. The methodology used in this study is the Rasch mathematical model, a methodology that has been effectively demonstrated in social sciences. Competitiveness data from the latest available WEF Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report (TTCR-2019) has been used. The results show that the WEF model is statistically valid and reliable for studying competitiveness in tourism. Likewise, the WEF model’s high potential for the joint study of competitiveness and individual countries in an integrated and benchmarking context is confirmed. The study facilitates the development of policies to improve tourism competitiveness.
José Alberto Martínez-González and Carmen D. Álvarez-Albelo
MDPI AG
This study analyzes the influence of site personalization, first impression, and design on young consumers’ loyalty to tourism websites. It is a new and necessary study, taking into account the multimedia profile and purchasing potential of the studied segment, the need for increasing online consumer loyalty, and the tourism websites’ relevance. Based on previous findings and using a sample of 609 young consumers, a causal model (PLS) is designed that is practical, novel, and significantly predicts online loyalty. The descriptive analysis results show young consumers’ positive attitudes toward e-commerce and their high online use and potential for making online purchases. The significant influence of site personalization on consumers’ first impression is also confirmed. In addition, first impression influence perceived website quality, and, in turn, this quality affects consumers’ online purchase intention and loyalty to the website. Finally, it is shown that online purchase intention has a direct and positive influence on website loyalty. Thus, this study provides tourism managers with the knowledge to encourage young consumers’ loyalty to their websites in a market orientation context. It can be achieved by acting on the site’s personalisation, the first impression, and the design of the site. The generational approach (Generation Z) also allows the conclusions and implications to be transferred to other regions and sectors.
Eduardo Parra-Lopez, Jose Alberto Martínez-Gonzalez, and Almudena Barrientos-Báez
Emerald
Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of local government market orientation as perceived by Millennials on their intention to support tourism development. Design/methodology/approach An online survey administered to a sample of 418 Millennials was designed for descriptive and causal data analyses. Findings The results show that Millennials’ intention to support tourism is high and depends on perceived market orientation. In the proposed model, market orientation by local government directly predicts perceived benefits and attitudes, and indirectly, the intention to support. Economic benefits are not the only relevant benefits to Millennials. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of this work is related to the selection and combination of the internal and external variables included in the proposed model, given the great diversity of variables in the literature in this field. Practical implications This study allows us to predict and encourage Millennials’ intention to support tourism development through very few variables. This study is of theoretical and practical interest to local government, tourism firms, educators and researchers. These entities can, thus, encourage the support process collaboratively among Millennials. Originality/value This predictive study of Millennials’ intention to support includes variables that have not been previously studied together. Through market orientation by local government, the organizational world and young consumers are connected. The generational approach adopted allows the use of global actions to encourage Millennials’ support.
José Alberto Martínez-González, Eduardo Parra-López, and Almudena Barrientos-Báez
MDPI AG
This paper aims to analyze the external and internal drivers of young consumers’ intention to participate in the sharing economy in tourism. From previous findings, a causal model (PLS) is designed to generate an integrated, practical, and novel structural model that significantly predicts the intention to participate. The model, consisting of nine dimensions, includes consumers’ external and internal variables. Separately, these variables have all been considered relevant in the literature, though they have not been studied jointly before. The descriptive results show the excellent attitude and predisposition of young people toward the tourism sharing economy, which facilitates their participation. Through the model, the importance of all internal and external consumer variables in the formation of intention are proven; however, attitude and social norm are most notable among them. Trust is also a critical variable that serves as the link between internal and external variables. The study provides managers of sharing economy platforms with knowledge to encourage young consumers’ participation in a communication and market orientation context. The generational approach (Generation Z) used also allows the conclusions and implications to be transferred to other regions and sectors.
Dimitrios Buhalis, Eduardo Parra López, and Jose Alberto Martinez-Gonzalez
Elsevier BV
José Alberto Martínez-González, Urszula Kobylinska, Francisco J. García-Rodríguez, and Lukasz Nazarko
MDPI AG
Entrepreneurial intentions determine to a large extent the entrepreneurial behavior; therefore, the study of those intentions and the factors that influence them constitute a valid research area. The purpose of this regional comparative study was to design a new causal model of the formation of the entrepreneurial intention among young adults in Spain and Poland. Using the Structural Equation Modeling (PLS) methodology, the results show that subjective variables (beliefs, social norms, values) initiate the chain of effects that influence the action variables (motivation, self-efficacy, intention). Attitude is the nexus variable between both groups of variables. It is verified that there are no significant differences in the responses to the items or in the causal relationships of the model between both countries. This confirms the relevance of a homogenizing generational approach at a global level that allows the application of policies to promote the entrepreneurial intention for the entire segment. The proposed model takes into account and complements the previous designs, and is practical because it can be used at different levels of the education sector and by institutions promoting entrepreneurship and sustainability.
Eduardo Parra-López and José Alberto Martínez-González
Emerald
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to synthesize the published works about tourism in the island. Island destinations, especially smaller ones, suffer the negative effects of tourism more than other destinations. This is because of the characteristics of island destinations and the negative impacts arising from their inadequate management by different stakeholders. For these reasons, and conversely because tourism favors the social and economic development of islands, there has been a great deal of research published on insular tourism in the literature at a global level. Despite the number of studies carried out from different approaches, none have synthesized this scientific production. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is the use of a bibliometric and descriptive approach to carry out a thorough review of studies published on tourist development in island destinations.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a bibliometric and descriptive approach to carry out a comprehensive review of the published studies on tourism development in island destinations in the past decade with special emphasis on the items analyzed, places of analysis and scientific journals that have addressed this topic.FindingsThe results of the analysis of the literature show the interest of the study of tourism in island destinations. This interest is partly due to the attraction that tourists have for this type of destinations and the need to promote their sustainable management as tourism destinations (Cusick, 2009, Hall, 2011, Cave and Brown, 2012, López, Orgaz, Marmolejo and Alector, 2016). In addition, tourism in island destinations constitutes an opportunity for economic development and benefits both the local population and its visitors (Fabinyi, 2010; Porter et al., 2015).Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this paper is the great diversity of tourist destinations made up of islands, the complex nature of these destinations and tourism and the quantity and diversity of research carried out into them. This aspect has already been highlighted by other authors and makes it complex to determine which research should be included or excluded in this review.Practical implicationsImportantly, the results allow researchers and decision-makers to identify the main areas of interest in the study of island tourism and the reasons for this interest. They also indicate new areas of interest and in-depth studies. Thus, professionals have a map that shows the most relevant factors in tourism development for this type of destination and the variables that, both from a positive and a negative point of view, influence its development.Social implicationsThis research shows that the main areas of interest is island destination are the quality of life of the local community, stakeholder collaboration, sustainability, diversification and seasonality, marketing, consumer behavior/perception and segmentation, planning of tourism activity, information and technology, competitiveness and efficiency.Originality/valueAs evidenced by the amount of research carried out, there is a great deal of interest in tourism in island destinations. This interest arises from the specific characteristics and the interest of tourists themselves in this type of destination, as well as from the negative impacts and opportunities generated by island tourism. Nevertheless, the number of references obtained for tourism in island destinations (N= 949) represents only 0.2 per cent of the total number of studies referring to only “island” in the SCOPUS consultation (339,607 studies). Thus, one of the contributions of this paper has been to highlight the need to continue studying and reviewing in greater depth research on insular tourism.
Eduardo Parra-Lopez, José Alberto Martínez-González, and Angel Chinea-Martin
Emerald
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the drivers of the formation of e-loyalty in a tourist destination, providing a model composed of variables that are under the control of the firm along with others that are not fully controllable by professionals. Design/methodology/approach The study was carried out with a sample of 497 subjects, university students and online consumers, and with the use of structural equations (partial least squares). Findings Results show that young people give a high valuation to all the variables used in the research. These results contribute to the literature on e-loyalty in tourism destinations and improve tourism loyalty in this population segment. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of this research has been related to the number of variables and measurement indicators that, according to the literature review, influence e-loyalty. Finally, a balanced and statistically significant model has been developed that has practical utility and analyzes online purchase of tourism products from a process perspective that includes variables that are internal and external to the firm. Practical implications The study suggests that young people have a favourable attitude and predisposition towards e-commerce, which, in turn, favours firms’ efforts to promote consumption and loyalty within the framework of the model’s variables. Originality/value This research paper has important value by analysing the initiating variables to determine how e-loyalty can be managed in tourist destinations, in addition to analysing an important segment for future tourism development.
José Alberto Martínez González, Eduardo Parra-Lopez, and Dimitrios Buhalis
Elsevier BV
José Alberto Martínez González, Eduardo Parra Fumero, and Noemí Padrón López
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
El objetivo de este estudio es determinar las variables estratégicas que intervienen en la formación de la lealtad del joven residente en un destino formado por islas y en un contexto de turismo doméstico1. Utilizando una muestra de 678 jóvenes residentes en las Islas Canarias (España), se ha generado un modelo estructural significativo en el que se incluyen variables relacionadas con la empresa, con el producto turístico y con el residente. Los resultados demuestran que la orientación al mercado constituye el primer eslabón de una cadena de efectos que conducen a la lealtad, y que la satisfacción es la única variable que determina directamente la lealtad. Los resultados también constatan que no existen diferencias significativas en dichas percepciones por razones de sexo, isla de residencia o cantidad de viajes realizados. Este hallazgo pone de manifiesto el carácter generacional del estudio y la posibilidad de generalizar las conclusiones sobre dicho segmento a otros destinos.