Herbal Remedies for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mahmoud Sallam, Wael M. Afifi, Mohammed M. Ghoneim, Mohammed F. Abdelwahab, Ehab A. Ragab Natural Remedies in Disease Management and Treatment, 2025 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as a group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, which is attributed to insulin insufficient secretion or defects in its functions. Insulin resistance refers to the inability of muscle, fat, and liver cells to respond to insulin properly. It is often associated with conditions such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hyperglycemia, which, over time, lead to prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes and can be challenging to manage. Globally, DM negatively impacts the lives of millions of individuals with a consequent socioeconomic and health burden. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that nearly 422 million people are suffering from this disease worldwide, and about 1.5 million deaths are due to diabetes each year. The incidence and prevalence of diabetes have consistently surged throughout recent decades. Natural products have played, and will continue to play, a pivotal role in drug discovery, and due to the current global interest in traditional herbal remedies, numerous conventional herbal remedies have been tested for their antidiabetic and insulin-sensitizing potential in recent years. Owing to the complex pathogenicity of DM, many painstaking efforts are being made to develop hypoglycemic agents from multicomponent-based natural products (NPs). In this chapter, we will review the effective role of herbal remedies, which are reported to be beneficial in the treatment and management of DM and insulin resistance, with an emphasis on their efficacy, safety, and importance as candidates for new antidiabetic agents.
Naturally occurring chromone glycosides: Sources, bioactivities, and spectroscopic features Yhiya Amen, Marwa Elsbaey, Ahmed Othman, Mahmoud Sallam, Kuniyoshi Shimizu Molecules, 2021 Chromone glycosides comprise an important group of secondary metabolites. They are widely distributed in plants and, to a lesser extent, in fungi and bacteria. Significant biological activities, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, etc., have been discovered for chromone glycosides, suggesting their potential as drug leads. This review compiles 192 naturally occurring chromone glycosides along with their sources, classification, biological activities, and spectroscopic features. Detailed biosynthetic pathways and chemotaxonomic studies are also described. Extensive spectroscopic features for this class of compounds have been thoroughly discussed, and detailed 13C-NMR data of compounds 1–192, have been added, except for those that have no reported 13C-NMR data.
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
UPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS Phytochemical Profiling and In Vitro Evaluation of Saraca cauliflora Bak. Methanolic Leaf Extract M Sallam, AM Metwaly, EA Ragab Egyptian Journal of Chemistry 69 (4), 397-414 , 2026 2026.0
Herbal Remedies for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes M Sallam, WM Afifi, MM Ghoneim, MF Abdelwahab, EA Ragab Natural Remedies in Disease Management and Treatment, 169-190 , 2025 2025.0
Exploring sesquiterpene lactones: structural diversity and antiviral therapeutic insights Y Amen, G Abdelwahab, AA Heraiz, M Sallam, A Othman RSC advances 15 (3), 1970-1988 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 18
Naturally occurring chromone glycosides: Sources, bioactivities, and spectroscopic features Y Amen, M Elsbaey, A Othman, M Sallam, K Shimizu Molecules 26 (24), 7646 , 2021 2021.0 Citations: 46
Phytochemical and biological study of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. growing in Egypt MM Sallam Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 59 (1), 9-26 , 2019 2019.0 Citations: 7
Study on Chemical Constituents, and Anticancer Activities of Certain Natural Products Isolated from Plants or Marine Drugs AE Mostafa, M Sallam, WM Afifi, M Zaki, H Luesch
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Naturally occurring chromone glycosides: Sources, bioactivities, and spectroscopic features Y Amen, M Elsbaey, A Othman, M Sallam, K Shimizu Molecules 26 (24), 7646 , 2021 2021.0 Citations: 46
Exploring sesquiterpene lactones: structural diversity and antiviral therapeutic insights Y Amen, G Abdelwahab, AA Heraiz, M Sallam, A Othman RSC advances 15 (3), 1970-1988 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 18
Phytochemical and biological study of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. growing in Egypt MM Sallam Al-Azhar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 59 (1), 9-26 , 2019 2019.0 Citations: 7
UPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS Phytochemical Profiling and In Vitro Evaluation of Saraca cauliflora Bak. Methanolic Leaf Extract M Sallam, AM Metwaly, EA Ragab Egyptian Journal of Chemistry 69 (4), 397-414 , 2026 2026.0
Herbal Remedies for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes M Sallam, WM Afifi, MM Ghoneim, MF Abdelwahab, EA Ragab Natural Remedies in Disease Management and Treatment, 169-190 , 2025 2025.0
Study on Chemical Constituents, and Anticancer Activities of Certain Natural Products Isolated from Plants or Marine Drugs AE Mostafa, M Sallam, WM Afifi, M Zaki, H Luesch