Quantum key distribution and secure communication in the quantum era Rohit Bantupalli, Kartick Sutradhar, Bheemappa Halavar Quantum Algorithms for Enhancing Cybersecurity in Computational Intelligence in Healthcare, 2025 Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a state-of-the-art development in secure communications that harnesses the principles underlying quantum mechanics to ensure security. QKD, unlike traditional cryptosystems that rely on complex mathematics, ensures security through quantum principles like superposition and entanglement, making any interception attempt detectable. QKD’s security is contingent on various quantum phenomena, such as superposition, entanglement, and the no-cloning theorem, which promises that any effort to intercept will be detectable. This makes QKD theoretically resistant to the threats posed by quantum computing. This chapter explores fundamental QKD protocols, including the fundamental BB84, the entanglement-based E91, and recent advances like measurement device independent QKD (MDI-QKD), which address the constraints in quantum detection. Although some pragmatic hurdles persist, such as signal attenuation in optical fibers, seamless integration into existing infrastructure, and the limited range of land-based transmission. Satellite-based QKD offers a potential solution for extended-distance key distribution, with notable demonstrations supporting the vision of worldwide quantum networks. By considering both the opportunities and the barriers to QKD, this chapter provides crucial information to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. It emphasizes the critical role of QKD in the future of secure communications, notably in a post-quantum world, and highlights trends and research shaping its future trajectory.
SQDAPSM: a secure quantum data aggregation protocol for smart meters Kartick Sutradhar, Ranjitha Venkatesh Physica Scripta, 2025 Vast amounts of information are collected and organized into a more understandable and comprehensive style through data aggregation. User privacy needs to be maintained even though real-time electricity use data is helpful for big data analysis. One of the main issues is finding a balance between data utility and privacy protection. To ensure secure transmission, the individual measurements from each user should be combined before being transferred to the gateways. This work presents a quantum protocol-based security architecture for user data that leverages entanglement based techniques and quantum key distribution to enhance the security and privacy of data aggregation. Safe information transport is made possible via quantum entanglement, which solves the shortcomings of conventional cryptography methods. Using quantum protocols, our method maintains its robustness and efficiency while providing an extra degree of security. We show that neither external nor participant attacks may compromise our protocol.
Accelerating Noise Error Calculation in Hardware Efficient Ansatz Circuits with OpenMP for Scalable Quantum Simulation Rohit Bantupalli, Kartick Sutradhar, Bheemappa Halavar 2025 Supercomputing India SCI 2025, 2025 Quantum computing’s burgeoning influence extends across disciplines such as cryptography, machine learning, and optimization problems, promising computational advantages that surpass the limitations of classical approaches. Despite their theoretical potential, the fidelity of quantum algorithms is compromised by the detrimental effects of noise and decoherence, resulting in substantial errors during the execution of quantum circuits. Although Hardware Efficient Ansatz (HEA) circuits are designed to generate pure quantum states, ideally represented by state vectors, the presence of noise in physical quantum devices transforms these pure states into mixed states, necessitating the use of density matrices and thereby complicating error analysis. Computing noise induced errors in density matrices with high precision remains computationally demanding because of the exponential scaling of the underlying mathematical operations. However, the shallow depth and near term compatibility of HEA circuits make them well suited for variational quantum methods, offering a practical approach within the constraints of current hardware. This paper proposes an OpenMP based parallelization methodology designed to enhance the computational efficiency of noise error estimation in HEA circuits. The integration of classical parallel computing techniques into quantum circuit simulation presents a viable approach to improving the scalability and precision of noise aware quantum computing research. Experimental results indicate an average speedup of approximately 22.34 for pure states and 3.89 for mixed states across varying numbers of qubits.
A Review on Smart Healthcare Employing Quantum Internet of Things Kartick Sutradhar, Ranjitha Venkatesh, Priyanka Venkatesh IEEE Engineering Management Review, 2025 The Quantum Internet of Things (QIoT) in the healthcare industry holds the promise of transforming patient care, diagnostics, and medical research. Quantum-enhanced sensors, communication, and computation offer unprecedented capabilities that can revolutionize how healthcare services are delivered and experienced. This article explores the potential of QIoT in the context of smart healthcare, where interconnected quantum-enabled devices and systems create an ecosystem that enhances data security, enables real-time monitoring, and advances medical knowledge. We delve into the applications of quantum sensors in precise health monitoring, the role of quantum communication in secure telemedicine, and the computational power of quantum computing in drug discovery and personalized medicine. We discuss challenges such as technical feasibility, scalability, and regulatory considerations, along with the emerging trends and opportunities in this transformative field. By examining the intersection of quantum technologies and smart healthcare, this article aims to shed light on the novel approaches and breakthroughs that could redefine the future of healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.
A Quantum Cryptographic Protocol for Secure Vehicular Communication Kartick Sutradhar IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2024 In foggy highways, the secure vehicular communication system can be very important in preventing traffic chaos, congestion, and accident; however, potential attackers may hack this system that can create many problems in controlling or managing the traffic. In this paper, we propose a quantum cryptographic protocol for secure vehicular communication for foggy highways, which is unconditionally secure against outside and participant attacks. The outside attacks include intercept, intercept-resend, entangle-measure, man-in-the-middle, collective, Trojan horse, and coherent attacks; whereas, the participant attacks include the collusion, forgery, and collision attacks. In this protocol, the traffic control system broadcasts the information regularly so that the vehicles can take appropriate action and avoid traffic chaos, congestion, and accidents. This protocol can be used on busy and foggy highways such as the interstate-75 highway in the United States, M4 motorway in England, Tohoku Expressway in Japan, and Yamuna Expressway in India to prevent vehicle collisions. Quantum cryptographic protocol for secure vehicular communication is important because they provide a highly secure method of communication that is immune to eavesdropping and interception. The motivation for developing the quantum cryptographic protocol for secure vehicular communication comes from the growing need for secure communication in the digital age.
A privacy preserving quantum aggregating technique with simulation Kartick Sutradhar, Ranjitha Venkatesh Physica Scripta, 2024 Quantum aggregation is a basic operation of secure multiparty quantum computation. All the existing techniques are based on the (n,n) threshold, where n is the total number of players. If any of them is corrupted then these techniques cannot execute correctly. However, the proposed technique is based on the (t,n) threshold. If the players are honest then this technique can perform the aggregation. This technique is based on the monotone span program, access structure, linear secret sharing, control-NOT gate, quantum Fourier transform, blind matrix, and Pauli operator. The proposed technique can aggregate the secrets securely and efficiently. We also simulate the proposed technique using IBM quantum computer to verify the correctness and feasibility.
