Environmental Toxicology, Nanotoxicology, Neurotoxicology, Neurodegenerative disease and Developmental Biology
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Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Inhalation of 1-bromopropane alters hippocampal expression of pathways related to immune system/inflammation and insulin signaling in experimental rats Fen Huang, Sahoko Ichihara, Ying Cheng, Wataru Fujibuchi, Emiko Kitagawa, Satomi Mizukami, Hitoshi Iwahashi, Sahabudeen Sheik Mohideen, Junzoh Kitoh, Seiichiroh Ohsako, Yousra Reda, Cai Zong, Gaku Ichihara Scientific Reports, 2026 1-Bromopropane, an alternative to ozone-depleting solvents, exhibits neurotoxicity in humans and rats. The aim of the present study was to identify the genes or signaling pathways involved in the neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of 1-bomopropane in two inbred strains of rats. F344 rats and WNA/NUM rats were exposed to 1-bromopropane or filtered air by inhalation for either a single 8-hour session, or 8 h daily for 4 weeks. Motor nerve conduction velocity and distal latency were measured in the tail. At the end of the experiment, the animals were decapitated, and the hippocampus, liver, and blood were collected. Exposure to 1-bromopropane for 4 weeks increased distal latency in the tail nerve significantly in F344 and marginally in WNA/NUM. It also increased total and direct bilirubin in both rat strains. Eight-hour exposure increased metallothionein 2A, metallothionein 1 and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 expression in the liver of both rat strains, whereas 4-week exposure upregulated glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 and CD36 molecule in the liver of both strains. KEGG analysis showed that 8-hr 1-bromopropane upregulated pathways of apoptosis, NOD-like receptor signaling and colorectal cancer, in both the hippocampus and liver, whereas 4-week exposure upregulated NOD-like receptor signaling pathway both in the hippocampus and liver of the two rat strains. Insulin signaling pathway was upregulated persistently in the hippocampus of the two rat strains. Our results suggest the involvement of immune system/inflammation-related pathway in the neuro- and hepato-toxicity of 1-bromopropane and the involvement of insulin signaling pathway in the neurotoxicity of 1-brromopropane.
Encapsulation of L. fermentum with chitosan-alginate enhances its bioactivity against acrylamide toxicity in D.mel Swetha Senthil Kumar, Sahabudeen Sheik Mohideen Scientific Reports, 2025 Acrylamide (ACR), a neurotoxin typically present in thermally processed foods, is a substantial risk to people. The objective of this research is to develop synbiotic capsules with natural substances such as chitosan, alginate, and L. fermentum. Encapsulation is a significant tool in medicine, helping to improve targeted medication delivery and bioavailability. The chitosan/alginate-encapsulated probiotic (CAP) beads increase the bioavailability of probiotics in the gut, allowing for a more effective response to ACR-induced toxicity. The combination of prebiotic and probiotic activity improves stability, viability, and gastrointestinal delivery. We developed CAP beads and assessed their survivability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, encapsulating efficiency, and release profile. The efficacy of these beads in reducing the harmful effects of ACR was subsequently investigated using a Drosophila melanogaster model. Under co-exposure and pre-treatment settings, in vivo studies revealed restoration of locomotor activities, redox balance, and ovarian mitochondrial membrane potential in flies treated with CAP beads. Furthermore, implying the indirect impact of CAP beads on gut microbiota and xenobiotic metabolism, pre-treatment with CAP more successfully restored the expression of important antioxidant and stress-related genes, including sod, cat, InR, rpr, and p53.
Polyethylene microplastics induce behavioural and developmental deficits in the Drosophila model Sharine Priscilla, Ryo Nagasawa, Swetha Senthil Kumar, Sai Charan Kasavaraju, Chirayu Chandrakanth, Premkumar Sivakumar, Hamsini Bharat, Iyeswaran Muthulingam, Masakazu Umezawa, Sahabudeen Sheik Mohideen Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 2025 Introduction Polyethylene (PE) is a common plastic used in a variety of applications such as bottles, carry bags, and packaging materials. The extensive use and improper disposal of PE MPs have severe environmental impacts. PE MPs infiltrate ecosystems via wastewater discharge and landfill runoff, getting consumed by organisms and causing harmful bioaccumulation. These microplastics also absorb toxins and transport them up the food chain, posing health risks to humans. Objectives and methods We generated PE MPs with sizes between 2 and 10 μm and assessed their toxicity on the Drosophila model. The study included an evaluation of the survival patterns of adult flies and behavioural and biochemical parameters in larvae and adults. Results Our in vivo toxicological assessment revealed a severe decline in the longevity of flies and locomotory function in the larvae and adults. In addition, we also noticed a decrease in the fly eclosion rate and a substantial increase in the antioxidant enzyme activity. This result was further supported by the alterations observed in the transcriptional activation of stress response genes like Hsp70Bc, rpr, cat, p53 and sod. Conclusion The findings from the study reveal perspectives on the harmful impacts of PE MPs on flies’ growth and development, as well as the rising threat to our environment posed by these microplastics. Graphical abstract
Low molecular weight chitosan attenuates acrylamide-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster Swetha Senthil Kumar, Sahabudeen Sheik Mohideen Toxicology Reports, 2025 Acrylamide (ACR), a toxic by-product of high-temperature food processing, poses significant health risks due to its oxidative, neurotoxic, and genotoxic properties. Regulatory measures focus on limiting ACR in commercial food products, yet daily cooking practices often result in unnoticed exposure, threatening vulnerable populations such as children. This study evaluates the protective role of low and medium molecular-weight (MW) chitosan against ACR-induced toxicity using Drosophila melanogaster . Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide with antioxidant and prebiotic properties, was supplemented alongside ACR exposure in larvae and adult flies. Developmental metrics such as pupation rates, fecundity, and adult emergence were assessed, alongside oxidative stress markers and neurobehavioral outcomes. ACR exposure impaired development, increased oxidative stress, and reduced locomotor activity. Supplementation with low and medium MW chitosan alleviated these effects, with low MW chitosan demonstrating greater efficacy. These findings reveal the potential of low MW chitosan as a dietary intervention to counteract the toxic effects of contaminants like ACR. By reducing oxidative stress, preserving mitochondrial function, and supporting developmental processes, chitosan offers a promising avenue for mitigating the overall toxicity of heat-processed toxins. These findings further highlight chitosan's molecular weight-dependent protective potential against ACR toxicity, offering insights into its application as a dietary mitigator of heat-processed toxins. • Low MW chitosan (LC) mitigates acrylamide (ACR) toxicity, restoring survival, behaviour, and development in flies. • Medium molecular weight (MW) chitosan (MC) shows limited recovery, with oxidative stress at higher concentrations. • ACR+LC reverses mitochondrial depolarization and improves fecundity in flies. • ACR-induced deficits in redox and AChE activity are attenuated by LC co-treatment. • LC's therapeutic efficacy outperforms MC, highlighting its potential in toxicology.
Toxicity of Yttrium-Doped Cerium Nanocomposite in Drosophila Melanogaster Anisha Saha, G. Devanand Venkatasubbu, Sahabudeen Sheik Mohideen Nano, 2025 Cerium oxide (CeO[Formula: see text] and yttrium oxide (Y2O[Formula: see text] nanoparticles possess interesting surface properties and interfacial interactions that make them attractive candidates for various applications. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the synthesis and toxicity assessment of yttrium-doped cerium oxide (Ce-Y) nanocomposite using a combination of analytical techniques and biological assays. The nanocomposite was characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron microscopy imaging, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements to elucidate their structural, optical and physicochemical properties. The synthesized nanocomposite exhibited distinctive absorption spectra and precise alignment of diffraction peaks, confirming the successful incorporation of yttrium ions into the cerium oxide lattice. Electron microscopy images revealed well-dispersed yttrium particles within the ceria matrix, indicating uniform distribution and morphology. DLS and zeta potential analysis provided insights into the size distribution and stability of the nanocomposite. Furthermore, in vivo toxicity assessment using Drosophila melanogaster model revealed no significant toxicity of Ce:Y nanocomposite, as evidenced by survival assay and behavioral assays. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also evaluated, demonstrating no discernible nanoparticle-induced toxicity. Overall, this study highlights the potential applications of Ce:Y nanocomposite and underscores the importance of comprehensive toxicity evaluation in nanomaterial development.
Chitosan-Coated Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Applications Sharine Priscilla, G. Devanand Venkatasubbu, Sahabudeen Sheik Mohideen Nano, 2025 Modern cosmetic products, with rich formulations of components, have become an ideal breeding ground for microorganisms. Implementing effective preservative systems is crucial to prevent microbial growth and contamination. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles, a familiar ingredient in cosmetics, can decompose the outer membrane of microbial cells by producing free radicals. Chitosan has shown antimicrobial activities by impairing cell wall integrity by binding to it aiding in the release of cytosolic contents. In line with this, this work was centered on evaluating the antimicrobial efficiency of chitosan-coated titanium dioxide (CS-TiO[Formula: see text] nanoparticles against three bacterial species viz. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) and use them as a self-preservative agent in cosmetic formulations. The growth curve analysis exhibited a dose-dependent delay in bacterial growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC[Formula: see text] results revealed that the nanoparticles were effective at 31.25[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml and 62.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml concentrations in suppressing S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli, respectively. The redox imbalance, membrane lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and cell viability analyses showed that the CS-TiO2 nanoparticles could disrupt the membrane leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and altering the genetic material. Therefore, the conclusions drawn from this research highlight the proficient microbial performance of CS-TiO2, proposing its suitability for incorporation into consumer products, especially cosmetics. As far as the authors are aware, this study is believed to be the first to investigate the potential of CS-TiO2 nanoparticles as a self-preservative.