SINAN SUBHI FARHAN
@uom.edu.iq
Department of Anesthesia / faculty of Medical Science Techniquies
University of Mashreq
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Maram Abdaljaleel, Muna Barakat, Mariam Alsanafi, Nesreen A. Salim, Husam Abazid, Diana Malaeb, Ali Haider Mohammed, Bassam Abdul Rasool Hassan, Abdulrasool M. Wayyes, Sinan Subhi Farhan,et al.
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Diana Malaeb, Bassam Abdul Rasool Hassan, Ali Haider Mohammed, Sinan Subhi Farhan, Omar Abdulwahid Al-Ani, Abir Sarray El Dine, Feten Fekih-Romdhane, Sahar Obeid, and Souheil Hallit
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Abstract Background Waterpipe tobacco smoking has increased tremendously at a global level among all age groups, particularly young people. Previous studies have examined the impact of waterpipe tobacco pictorial health warnings on adults but scarce studies were done on adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess the association of textual versus pictorial warnings on tumbac boxes and the motivation to quit waterpipe smoking among adolescents located in two Eastern Mediterranean countries Lebanon and Iraq. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and November 2022, involving 294 adolescents waterpipe smokers from Lebanon and Iraq. The questionnaire included the Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Smoking-11, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, the Waterpipe Harm Perception Scale, Waterpipe Knowledge Scale, Waterpipe Attitude Scale, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, and the Motivation to Stop Scale. Results When adjusting the results over confounding variables, the results showed that compared to finding the warnings to stop smoking not efficacious at all, adolescents who find the warnings moderately (aOR = 2.83) and very (aOR = 6.64) efficacious had higher motivation to quit. Compared to finding the warnings not increasing their curiosity for information about how to stop waterpipe smoking at all, participants who confessed that warnings increased their curiosity a little (aOR = 2.59), moderately (aOR = 3.34) and very (aOR = 3.58) had higher motivation to quit. Compared to not considering changing the tumbac brand if the company uses pictorial warnings, adolescents who would consider changing the tumbac brand (aOR = 2.15) had higher motivation to quit. Conclusion Pictorial and textual warnings on waterpipe packs were associated with higher motivation to stop waterpipe smoking. Public health education programs for this purpose seem warranted.
Maram Abdaljaleel, Muna Barakat, Mariam Alsanafi, Nesreen A. Salim, Husam Abazid, Diana Malaeb, Ali Haider Mohammed, Bassam Abdul Rasool Hassan, Abdulrasool M. Wayyes, Sinan Subhi Farhan,et al.
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AbstractArtificial intelligence models, like ChatGPT, have the potential to revolutionize higher education when implemented properly. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing university students’ attitudes and usage of ChatGPT in Arab countries. The survey instrument “TAME-ChatGPT” was administered to 2240 participants from Iraq, Kuwait, Egypt, Lebanon, and Jordan. Of those, 46.8% heard of ChatGPT, and 52.6% used it before the study. The results indicated that a positive attitude and usage of ChatGPT were determined by factors like ease of use, positive attitude towards technology, social influence, perceived usefulness, behavioral/cognitive influences, low perceived risks, and low anxiety. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the adequacy of the “TAME-ChatGPT” constructs. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the attitude towards ChatGPT usage was significantly influenced by country of residence, age, university type, and recent academic performance. This study validated “TAME-ChatGPT” as a useful tool for assessing ChatGPT adoption among university students. The successful integration of ChatGPT in higher education relies on the perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, positive attitude towards technology, social influence, behavioral/cognitive elements, low anxiety, and minimal perceived risks. Policies for ChatGPT adoption in higher education should be tailored to individual contexts, considering the variations in student attitudes observed in this study.
Bassam Abdul Rasool Hassan, Ali Haider Mohammed, Abdulrasool M. Wayyes, Sinan Subhi Farhan, Omar Abdulwahid Al-Ani, Ali Blebil, and Juman Dujaili
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AbstractGovernments worldwide have imposed lockdowns in their countries to restrict unnecessary movement and curb the spread and transmission of the Covid-19 as a mitigation measure. The education sector has also implemented rapid changes, and this has transformed the operational procedures for both students and lecturers. As the pandemic has progressed, its emotional and psychological toll is equally bearing on students, leading to lockdown fatigue. This study aimed to investigate the level of lockdown-induced fatigue and its correlation with personal resilience and coping skills among university students in Iraq. This study used quantitative methods of research using a cross-sectional study design. A questionnaire survey was distributed electronically among 819 university students in Iraq. The study used three standardised scales: the lockdown fatigue scale, brief resilience scale, and coping behaviours questionnaire for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were done using SPSS. Overall, students indicated a high level of lockdown fatigue with a mean score of 33.48out of 50. Fear of personal safety and the wellbeing of the family was the most fear expressed by the students. The ability to go through stressful times and unpleasant events was the most common worry among the students. Female, urbanised, and science field students were the most students who suffered from lockdown-induced fatigue. However, positive coping behaviours and personal resilience were significantly correlated with decreasing fatigue levels during the lockdown period. Level of lockdown fatigue accelerated in an alarming stage among university students in Iraq. Hence, students need to build their emotional resilience and learn how to navigate surviving hard times and bounce back after a loss. This could be facilitated by counselling services being availed to educational and social institutions to benefit university students.
Sinan Subhi Farhan, Ahmed Al-Imam, and Watheq Mohammed Al-Jewari
Al-Rafidain University College
Background: Estimating stature is of exceptional value in personal identification and the forensic sciences. At the same time, the literature lacks standardized methods for height estimation. Objectives: To estimate the stature of Iraqi individuals based on the morphometric parameters of both hands. Methods: 101 students recruited from Al-Rafidain University College collected data concerning ethnicity, gender, weight, and height and measured fourteen morphometric parameters for each hand, including the hand length (RHL; LHL), palm length (RPL; LPL), hand breadth (RHB; LHB), maximum handbreadth (RHB; LHB), and the length of each finger (RD1,2,3,4,5; LD1,2,3,4,5). A multivariable linear regression is used to predict stature based on the former variables. Results: The sample included males (48.5%) and females (51.5%) aged 18–23 years of Arabic (95%) and Kurdish (5%) ethnicity. The average weight (65.68±1.32) and height (169.52±1.13) were calculated. Regression analysis (accuracy=74.8%, p<0.001) and the male cohort (65%, p<0.001) possessed higher statistical accuracy than females (47.2%, p<0.001). Stature estimation within the total sample and males assumed similarities concerning parameters allocated to both hands that principally included the length of the right hand, right middle finger, left palm, and left little finger. In contrast, females' stature estimation corresponded to morphometric parameters strictly related to the left hand, including the length of the hand, palm, ring finger, and little finger. The results also aligned with the neural network analyses and qualitative data from ChatGPT version 3.5. Conclusion: Multivariable predictive models that are crucial in personal identification for forensic purposes were predicted, such as catastrophic scenarios due to disfiguring accidents, organized crime, and mass graves that frequently occurred in Iraq during the past two decades. Our results could also interest reconstructive hand surgery experts.
Ali Haider Mohammed, Bassam Abdul Rasool Hassan, Abdulrasool M. Wayyes, Haydar F. Al‐Tukmagi, Ali Blebil, Juman Dujaili, Muhammed Hassan Nasr, Maguy Saffouh El Hajj, Diana Malaeb, Sara Abu Alhija,et al.
Wiley
BACKGROUND
The use of cosmetic products is growing in dominance in the Arab population, making it essential to measure its effects on users. The production of cosmetics has been largely driven by consumerism and a bid to keep abreast with the latest trends in the beauty industry with less attention on how the users' quality of life (QoL) is affected.
AIMS
This study aims to investigate the effect of cosmetic products on users' quality of life in eight Arab countries.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was carried out using an online data collection approach. A validated and specialist instrument tool called BeautyQoL, which consists of five domains and a total of 52 questions, was distributed to a sample of 2219 cosmetic users. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was done using SPSS® version 26.0.
RESULTS
The mean age of participants was 34 ± 11.25 years, and more women were represented in the sample (71%) than men. The majority of respondents had oily skin type (39.6%) and tan skin tone (30.4%). QoL through cosmetic use is computed with a mean score of 51 out of 100. The users' mean score satisfaction from cosmetic use is centred on attractiveness (56.1), followed by self-confidence (51.8). Cosmetics have a statistically significant effect on participants who are young adults, women, single, and employed with high income. As the respondents' skin tone deepens from very fair to dark, the mean score for each domain significantly increases, whereas when skin type changes from very oily to dry, the mean score for each domain decreases.
CONCLUSION
The effect of cosmetics on the users' QoL is limited, contrary to the narrative commonly portrayed in cosmetics' advertisements. Therefore, the use of cosmetics among the Arab population should be from an informed perspective of their specific needs instead of conforming to the viral trends pedalled by influencers and bloggers on social media, which might be irrelevant for them.
Zimeng Lei, Merim Alwan, Hassan Thoulfikar A. Alamir, Hussein Humedy Chlib Alkaaby, Sinan Subhi Farhan, Sura A. Awadh, Usama S. Altimari, Hawra’a Fadhel Abbas Al-Baghdady, Athmar Ali Kadhim, Maytham T. Qasim,et al.
Frontiers Media SA
Detection of DNA molecules and possible chemotherapy-induced changes in its structure has been the goal of researchers using rapid, sensitive and inexpensive approaches. Therefore, the aim of this study was to fabricate a new electrochemical DNA biosensor using pencil graphite electrodes modified with polypyrrole/Ce doped hexagonal nickel oxide nanodisks or PP/Ce-doped H-NiO-ND composites for determination of Abemaciclib (AMC) and ds-DNA molecules. The DNA biosensor was prepared by immobilizing ds-DNA on the surface of PP/Ce-doped H-NiO-ND/PGE. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to electrochemically detect AMC. The results elucidate the extremely high sensitivity of the ds-DNA/PP/Ce-doped H-NiO-ND/PGE biosensor to AMC, with a narrow detection limit of 2.7 nM and a lengthy linear range of 0.01–600.0 μM. The admirable performance of as-fabricated biosensor could be related to the active reaction sites and the unique electrochemical response related to the nanocomposites by enhancing ds-DNA stabilization and accelerating electron transfer on the surface of electrode.
Sinan Subhi Farhan
Al-Rafidain University College
Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are caused by a combination of variables, including environmental, host-related, and nutritional factors. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an environmental risk factor for many GIT disorders and is designated as a class I carcinogen. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of H. pylori in Iraqi patients diagnosed with IBD and CRC and the expression of NF-κB mRNA in those patients. Methods: Patients with GIT symptoms were tested for the existence of IBD and CRC in a cross-sectional observational study. In biopsies taken from GIT lesions, biochemical and histochemical approaches are employed to determine the presence of H. pylori and the expression of NF-κB mRNA. Results: H. pylori tests were positive in 33.3% of CRC patients, although this was not statistically significant compared to those who had negative testing. Only 63.3% of IBD patients had H. pylori infection. In the CRC group, 53.3% of patients had negative NF-κB expression, whereas all of the patients in the IBD group had a negative test. Conclusion: Patients with CRC had a high prevalence of H. pylori, whereas IBD patients had a low frequency. Patients with CRC had high levels of NF-κB mRNA expression, whereas patients with IBS had none.
Ali Haider Mohammed, Bassam Abdul Rasool Hassan, Abdulrasool M Wayyes, Sinan Subhi Farhan, Omar Abdulwahid Al-Ani, Ali Blebil, Juman Dujaili, and Gamil Othman
Informa UK Limited
Background Due to the COVID-19 global pandemic, the educational sector has undergone a series of changes which have affected both learners and students alike. As a result, the distortion of the students’ daily routine, isolation, social distancing and potential exposure to the COVID-19 virus changed almost all of the aspects of student life which has led to exhaustion of students, with both psychological and emotional challenges. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to determine the factors that have a significant impact on the level of lockdown fatigue among university students in the era of COVID-19. Methods A cross sectional was undertaken for this study. A questionnaire was designed and then shared electronically with the respondents of this study. The respondents were 819 students from tertiary institutions in Iraq. Some of the scales used in ranking the responses of the participants are the Lockdown Fatigue scale, Brief Resilience Scale and Coping Behaviours questionnaire. Data analysis was. Results Overall, the students had a high level of fatigue due to lockdown-measurement. Emptiness was one of the dominant feelings experienced by the students, along with concern for the safety and well-being of their own families. There was general agreement that students take a long time to return to normal routines after stressful events. The students also indicated that they cope with the lockdown through a variety of activities, ranging from making jokes about the situation to putting their faith in a higher power. Male student were less likely to suffer from lockdown-fatigue, however, studying in public university, being from urban areas, and studying in science field are the most significant factors that increase the level of lockdown. However, lower levels of lockdown fatigue were linked to significantly higher levels of personal resilience and coping abilities. Conclusion High level of lockdown fatigue among students is noticed, and several factors have been identified. Therefore, it is helpful for students to consistently work on reinforcing positive habits which would help them to build resilience when they are subjected to stressful conditions and scenarios.
Zaid O. Ibraheem, Sinan Subhi Farhan, Ajwad Al Sumaidaee, Layth Al sufi, Anas Bashir, Anmar Balwa, and Rusliza Basir
Toxicological Research Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Metabolic syndrome is one of the major risk factors that lead to various serious complications like cardiovascular abnormalities, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Its co-incidence with other organs dysfunction results in further deterioration of the condition or precipitation of other dysfunctions. This study aimed at studying the changes in the hepatic functions after the co-incidence of the high fat or fructose diets induced metabolic syndrome along with the gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. Briefly, six groups of male Sprague Daley rats (n = 10–12) were fed with different feeding protocols; viz; standard rodent’s chow, an experimental high fat or high fructose diets feedings. For each, two groups were allocated that one of them was injected with normal saline and the other with 80 mg/kg/day I.P gentamicin during the last 24 days of the feeding period. The rats were monitored for changes in the metabolic data, glycemic control, lipid profile, renal and hepatic functions, oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. The study revealed stronger hepatic changes in the renal failure groups fed with the high fat diet rather than that in the groups fed with the high fructose diet. Although, the latter experienced a stronger deterioration in the glycemic control. The study suggests that the incidence of the hepatic changes is more linked to the incidence of the deterioration in the lipids profile that was observed after the high fat diet feeding. Overall, the co-incidence of the high fat diet induced metabolic syndrome along with the renal failure constitutes a risk factor for the hepatic dysfunction.
Sinan Farhan, Ahmed Al-Imam, and Marek A. Motyka
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences Scientific Foundation SPIROSKI
BACKGROUND: Academic courses of human anatomy need to be reviewed periodically by students to ensure better learning outcomes, especially when the teaching process became internet-dependent during the pandemic. AIM: Our study aims to explore pharmacy students’ opinions concerning the theoretical and practical elements of the anatomy course taught in the College of Pharmacy at Al-Rafidain University. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ethical committee of the College of Pharmacy at Al-Rafidain University approved the study. We prepared a questionnaire (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.735) to evaluate the positive and negative aspects of the teaching process. The questionnaire was presented as an online survey to pharmacy students (n = 305) who finished their anatomy course in two learning modalities, Internet-based learning (n1 = 105, 34.43%) and blended learning (BL) (n2 = 200, 65.57%). RESULTS: Participants of both groups were satisfied with the syllabus, using internet-based materials, and problem-based learning concerning the theoretical aspect of the course. Concerning practical knowledge, both groups preferred using cadavers instead of dummies, and they verified the beneficial effect of online educational materials and computer-based applications. Pharmacy students demanded more than one anatomy course, while students from the BL group considered the anatomy course duration insufficient. Concerning the practical knowledge, students’ marks were superior for students using BL, and the opposite was the case with theoretical knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: BL is favored by Iraqi undergraduate pharmacy students; perhaps, it is attributed to the lively interaction between students and the teaching staff. We conclude that internet resources can be supportive of the classical teaching of anatomy.
M. Asif and S. Farhan
International Society of Communication and Development Between Universities (ISCDBU)
Tuberculosis (TB) has been one of the main causes of morbidity, and the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains has become a major concern. The decrease in activity of the major anti-TB drugsincluding, isoniazid, and rifampicin is an important threat that requires an urgent therapy. Anti-TB activity of the fluoroquinolones (FQs) has been under investigation. Many FQs are active in vitro; however, only a few such as ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin have been clinically tested. The FQs can be used in co-therapy with the available anti-TB drugs. Molecular hybridization is a concept of drug design and development based on combination of pharmacophoric moieties of various bioactive compounds to produce a new hybrid compound with improved affinity and efficacy compared with the present drugs.
Abdullatif A. Aljuboury and Sinan S. Farhan
Diva Enterprises Private Limited
Sinan Subhi Farhan and Saad Abdulrahmann Hussain
Elsevier BV
S. Farhan, Samir Mahgoub and S. Hussain
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
The inflammatory responses during septic inflammation were affected by the differential role of progesterone and estrogen that demonstrated pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles. This study was designed to evaluate the differential effects of estradiol and progesterone supplementation on the inflammatory and apoptotic responses in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of acute systemic septic inflammation (SSI). This study was conducted on 60 female Wistar rats. 40 mg/kg estradiol and 5 mg/kg progesterone were given subcutaneous (s.c.) to OVX rats, after the induction of SSI through caecum puncture with a 21-gauge needle. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), Alanine transaminase (ALT), estradiol, and progesterone were evaluated; additionally, Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase (COX)-II, and caspase-3 were evacuated in liver tissue homogenates using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. In OVX rats challenged with SSI, serum TNF-α, CRP, and ALT levels were significantly increased associated with a decrease in serum estradiol levels. They also showed overexpression of iNOS and increased the activity of COX-II and caspase-3 in the liver compared to non-OVX rats subjected to SSI. Supplementation with estradiol significantly decreases all serum and liver tissue markers of inflammation and decreased apoptosis. In contrast, in OVX rats supplemented with progesterone, SSI resulted in a significant increase in the studied markers. In conclusion, the supplementation of estradiol in OVX rats challenged with SSI significantly attenuated the systemic and liver inflammatory and apoptotic markers. Meanwhile, the supplementation with progesterone exacerbates the effects of the inflammatory markers and increases the tendency of apoptosis in the liver tissue.