Maximizing Solar Voltage Output Through Hybrid Tracking Shirshak Chauhan, Shashwat Chaudhary, Akshat Bajpai, Manik, Bhuvnesh Khokhar, Md Danish Equbal 2025 International Conference on Intelligent and Secure Engineering Solutions Cises 2025, 2025 Photovoltaic (PV) panel orientation with relation to the sun's position has a major impact on solar energy systems' efficiency. This study compares the voltage output of solar panels that are fixed versus solar panels that are combined with hybrid tracking systems. Using geographic and temporal data, the proposed hybrid tracker combines the Solar Position Algorithm (SPA) for accurate sun placement with Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) for real-time light intensity detection. To maximize panel alignment throughout the day in a variety of environmental circumstances, active (LDR-based) and passive (SPA-based) tracking techniques are combined. According to experimental data, the hybrid-tracked panel consistently produces higher voltage output than the fixed panel, indicating improved solar energy capture and system performance.
Load frequency control performance enhancement of an electric vehicle integrated time-delay multi-microgrid system Bhuvnesh Khokhar, K. P. Singh Parmar International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2024 Frequency control in a microgrid (μG) is problematic due to low inertia of distributed generators (DGs) and uncertainty of the renewable energy source-dependent DGs. Consequently, deploying distributed storage units (DSUs) in a μG is crucial for quickly arresting frequency deviations. The electric vehicle (EV) technology, as DSU, is being preferred over conventional energy storage due to its lower cost and slower degradation rate, facilitating demand side response in a μG. The adoption of the EV technology necessitates an open communication infrastructure in the μG, with a pre-existing communication time delay (CTD). This article explores the impact of EV integration on load frequency control (LFC) performance of a multi-microgrid (MμG) system and determines an optimal CTD value simultaneously. A cyclical parthenogenesis algorithm-optimized 2DOF-FOPID controller is implemented to obtain dynamic responses of the MμG system. Simulation results reveal significant improvements in dynamic responses when integrating EVs in the MμG, with a 97.33% increase in objective function value. The recommended controller also outperforms standard controllers in terms of how quickly frequency and tie-line power variations settle down to zero. Thus, the proposed controller meets the LFC requirements. Robustness of the proposed LFC scheme is tested against parametric variations in the MμG system.
Load Frequency Control of Microgrids Bhuvnesh Khokhar, K P Singh Parmar, Tripta Thakur, D P Kothari Load Frequency Control of Microgrids, 2024 The book focuses on describing the emerging microgrid concept, and its various constituents, especially the EV technology, and investigates the load frequency control performance of different microgrid configurations by implementing the modern control theory. An exhaustive study is presented on the various renewable energy sources and an up-to-date status of their installed capacity and power generation. The text presents case studies for load frequency control of a microgrid in its various operating modes. This book: Discusses power system stability, significance of load frequency control in power system, modeling of a microgrid, and frequency deviation response. Covers various energy storage technologies such as superconducting magnetic energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, and compressed air energy storage. Presents modes of interaction of the electric vehicles with the utility grid and implementation of the electric vehicles for load frequency control. Illustrates control approaches for load frequency control and metaheuristic optimization algorithms. Showcases the study of load frequency control for standalone microgrid systems, grid-connected microgrid systems, and multi-microgrid systems. It is primarily written for senior undergraduates, and graduate students in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics, communication engineering, and renewable energy.
IoT Based Medication Dispensing Machine for Healthcare Enhancement Aditya Sagar, Ankit Yadav, Keshant Keshant, Akash Yadav, Pinki Yadav, Bhuvnesh Khokhar Proceeding of 2024 International Conference on Communication Computing and Energy Efficient Technologies I3ceet 2024, 2024 This review paper investigates in detail the dual use of medicine dispensing machine in rural and urban areas. The system uses a digital interface requiring Aadhaar card authentication over GSM, which provides simultaneous access to history and medical records. Seamless communication of drug dispensing information is accomplished through GSM. The addition of symbolic representations of diseases increases accessibility and enhances individuals with limited digital literacy. Users see the icons to get the product, which triggers the roller. A tool to self-administer the corresponding quantity. The system also includes voice processor, which enhances the user experience Experience with hearing pre-approved drug announcements. This multi-pronged approach aims to simplify and standardize Access to medicines, especially multiple benefits socio-economic factors. Integrated technology, . Accessibility, and voice data also reveal potential impact Transforming the healthcare sector.