Production and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate-Graphene Oxide Composite Membrane as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Riki Haryanto, Shafira Ayuningtyas, Pratiwi Pudjiastuti, Siti Wafiroh Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 2026 The global energy crisis caused by dependence on fossil fuels has accelerated the search for renewable and sustainable energy sources, such as the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). This study aimed to develop cellulose acetate–graphene oxide (CA–GO) composite membranes with different GO concentrations (0–2%) to enhance proton-exchange performance. Cellulose acetate was characterized by molecular weight determination and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while graphene oxide was synthesized via the Hummers method and analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The CA–GO membranes were fabricated by the phase-inversion method and evaluated for mechanical strength, swelling ratio, ion-exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity, and methanol permeability. The membrane containing 2% GO showed the best performance, with a Young’s modulus of 1.344 MPa, swelling ratio of 7%, IEC of 0.147 meq/g, methanol permeability of 1.2 × 10−3 kg/m2·s, and proton conductivity of 1.59 × 10−4 S/cm. FTIR analysis indicated hydrogen bond formation between CA and GO, while SEM revealed a heterogeneous surface morphology. These results demonstrate that incorporating 2% GO improves the mechanical strength and proton conductivity of CA membranes without significantly increasing methanol permeability, indicating potential for PEMFC applications.
Comparative evaluation of erythromycin release and mechanical properties in gelatin, hydrolyzed carrageenan, and carrageenan-maltodextrin hard-shell capsules Muhammad Al Rizqi Dharma Fauzi, Pratiwi Pudjiastuti, Tri Susanti, Syahnur Haqiqoh, Siti Wafiroh, Esti Hendradi, Saeid Mezail Mawazi, Riki Haryanto, Riyanto Teguh Widodo Pharmacia, 2026 The mechanical behavior, formulation performance, and erythromycin release kinetics of hard-shell capsules prepared from gelatin, hydrolyzed carrageenan (HC), and hydrolyzed carrageenan–maltodextrin (HC-MD) systems were comparatively evaluated. Capsules were produced using a dip-coating method and assessed for weight variation, mechanical strength, degree of swelling, disintegration time, dissolution profile, drug release kinetics, and surface wettability via contact angle measurements. Erythromycin release at pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8 followed diffusion- and surface-area-controlled kinetics, consistent with zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Hixson–Crowell models. Both HC and HC-MD capsules exhibited faster disintegration, greater swelling, and higher drug release than gelatin capsules, particularly under neutral and basic conditions. The HC-MD formulation demonstrated superior wettability and lower contact angles, which enhanced drug diffusion across the capsule surface.
Characterization, in vitro dissolution and release kinetics of salicylamide in capsule shells made from κ-carrageenan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Syahnur Haqiqoh, Pratiwi Pudjiastuti, Siti Wafiroh, Tri Susanti, Esti Hendradi, Oktavia Eka Puspita, Muhammad Usman Yasin, Riyanto Teguh Widodo International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025 This study aimed to characterize, in vitro dissolution, and evaluate the release kinetics of salicylamide in capsule shells made from κ-carrageenan-HPMC. The capsule shell was prepared using the dipping method with CRG: HPMC (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) ratio, supplemented with sorbitol and antifoam silicone emulsion. Characterization was conducted using FTIR, SEM-EDX mapping, AFM, hardness, and swelling degree experiments. The results indicated that the optimal capsule shells were obtained at a CRG: HPMC ratio of 1:2, with a hardness of 7.04 N and a swelling degree of 299.79 % at 15 mins. FTIR analysis revealed the wavenumber of sulfate groups, and SEM-EDX mapping indicated evenly distributed elemental composition. AFM analysis of capsules showed that the surface texture was rough. The disintegration times at different pH levels were 55, 53, and 24 min at pH 1.2; 4.5 and 6.8, respectively. The in vitro dissolution test showed salicylamide release of 6.40, 8.51, and 11.51 % in 120 min at pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8, respectively. The release kinetics followed a zero-order model at pH 1.2 and 6.8 and the Ritger-Peppas model at pH 4.5. The CRG-HPMC/sorbitol capsule shells exhibited good physicochemical characteristics with a controlled drug release profile and thereby supporting SDGs 3 and 14.
IN SILICO STUDIES AND CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY OF BENZYLIDENE BENZO HYDRAZIDE DERIVATIVES ON CANCER STEM CELL IMANUEL GAURU, YUSUF S. ALAM, MARDI SANTOSO, ARIF FADLAN, NUR R. AFFIFAH, VINDA A. N. ANDIFA, PRATIWI PUDJIASTUTI, FAHIMAH MARTAK International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 2025 Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the biological activity of benzylidene benzohydrazide derivatives against Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) through in vitro cytotoxicity tests and silico analyses using molecular docking. Methods: Four hydrazone compounds, namely benzylidene benzo hydrazide (L1), 2-methyl benzylidene benzo hydrazide (L2), 2-nitro benzylidene benzo hydrazide (L3), and 2-bromobenzylidene benzo hydrazide (L4) were used for in silico and in vitro studies. The interaction between hydrazone compounds and the EGFR protein receptor (PDB ID: 1m17) was investigated using the AutoDock tools 1.5.7. The PASS server predicted the biological activities of hydrazone substances. ADMET of hydrazone compounds was assessed using the ADMETLab 2.0. Meanwhile, the cytotoxic activity test of hydrazone compounds on CSCs was evaluated using the MTT Assay method. Results: The results of molecular docking analysis of test compounds L1-L4 provide binding energy values ranging from -6.69 to-7.74 kcal/mol. The binding energy value of L1-L4 is lower than the reference Doxorubicin (-4.30 Kcal/mol). The results of the cytotoxicity test of test compounds with CSCs provide IC50 results for L1 of 0.220±0.360 μg/ml, L2 of 0.034±0.023 μg/ml, L3 of 0.355±0.276 μg/ml, L4 of 1.193±1.122 μg/ml and Doxorubicin of 0.220±0.180 μg/ml. These results indicate that hydrazone derivatives have the potential to be CSCs inhibitor. Conclusion: 2-methyl benzylidene benzo hydrazide (L2) had the potential as a CSCs inhibitor with vigorous cytotoxic activity in vitro against CSCs cell lines
κ-Carrageenan Folate Nanoencapsulation of Fucoidan from Sargassum plagiophyllum and Anticancer Activity Enhancement D. Herawati, P. Pudjiastuti, A.H. Zaidan, E. Hendradi Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2025 Fucoidan (F) is an anticancer potential natural compound extracted from the brown seaweed Sargassum plagiophyllum. However, poor solubility and lack of targeted delivery are major drawbacks in its therapeutic application. The aim of this study is to enhance the delivery and efficacy of fucoidan by encapsulating it using -carrageenan (C) and Carrageenan folate (Cf) as carrier matrices. The particle size of the resulting fucoidan-loaded nanocapsules with -Carrageenan (F-CNPs) and -Carrageenan folate (F-CfNPs), were 84.212.1nm and 93.210.7nm, respectively. Encapsulation Efficiency (EE) was high, with 92.340.58% for F-CNPs and 95.41 0.06% for F-CfNPs, while the Loading amount (LA) were 46.170.29% and 47.700.03%, respectively. Anticancer activities of the nanocapsules against HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines were performed. The IC50 values in F-CfNPs were significantly lower compared with F-CNPs, representing increased efficacy due to the addition of the targeting folate group. In HeLa cells, the IC50 values were 33.134.53g ml-1 for F-CNPs, 21.143.59 g ml-1 for F-CfNPs, and 3.163.56 g ml-1 for doxorubicin. While, in MCF-7 cells, the IC50 values were 30,563.86 g ml-1 for F-CNPs, 24.923.83g ml-1 for F-CfNPs, and 15.792.84g ml-1 for doxorubicin. These results clearly indicated that the fucoidan nanocapsules acted as a potent therapeutic against HeLa and MCF.7 cell lines. However, F-CfNPs showed higher efficiency among the fabricated NPs due to higher cellular uptake. This study toward the 14th Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by utilizing brown seaweed to enhance its economic value and aligns with the 3rd SDG goal of ensuring good health well-being through improvements in cancer treatment.
Characterization, In Vitro Dissolution, and Drug Release Kinetics in Hard Capsule Shells Made from Hydrolyzed κ-Carrageenan and Xanthan Gum Tri Susanti, Syahnur Haqiqoh, Pratiwi Pudjiastuti, Siti Wafiroh, Esti Hendradi, Oktavia Eka Puspita, Nashriq Jailani Journal of Renewable Materials, 2025 This study aims to enhance the mechanical properties, disintegration, and dissolution rates of cross-linked carrageenan (CRG) capsule shells by shortening the long chains of CRG through a hydrolysis reaction with citric acid (CA). The hydrolysis of CRG was carried out using varying concentrations of CA, resulting in hydrolyzed CRG (HCRG). This was followed by cross-linking with xanthan gum (XG) and the addition of sorbitol (SOR) as a plasticizer. The results indicated that the optimal swelling capacity of HCRG-XG/SOR hard-shell capsules occurred at a CA concentration of 0.5%, achieving a maximum swelling rate of 445.39% after 15 min. Additionally, the best capsule hardness was also measured at this CA concentration, reaching a hardness level of 480.157 g (F = 4.67 N). FTIR analysis demonstrated that the presence of the acid group from CA altered the composition of the CRG chains. Furthermore, SEM-EDX mapping analysis revealed that the surface morphology of the synthesized capsules exhibited a relatively smooth texture with a limited number and size of pores, resulting in good capsule stability for drug delivery. The in vitro disintegration and dissolution rates of the HCRG-XG/SOR capsules were observed to be the fastest and highest at pH 1.2, respectively. The disintegration time was recorded at 20 min and 46 s, while the dissolution test indicated a drug release of 78.08% after 5 min and 100% after 120 min. The drug delivery kinetics of HCRG-XG/SOR followed the Ritger-Peppas model, indicating a complex release mechanism that involved swelling, diffusion, erosion, and capsule disintegration.
Indole alkaloids from Ochreinauclea maingayi (Rubiaceae) as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors and their paralysis effect in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans Norfaizah Osman, Khalijah Awang, Kooi Yeong Khaw, Wen Qi Mak, Shelly Gapil Tiamas, Saipul Maulana, Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair, Pratiwi Pudjiastuti, Hazrina Hazni, Sook Yee Liew, Azeana Zahari Natural Product Research, 2025 This study investigated the butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity of harmane (1), naucledine (2), and dihydrodeglycocadambine (3) isolated from fractions F7 and F9 of Ochreinauclea maingayi. Both fractions demonstrated significant inhibition, exceeding 80%, against BChE at 100 µg/mL. Compound 2, is the most potent inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 value of 22.08 µM, followed by 1 and 3 (IC50 23.96 and 30.32 µM, respectively). Docking studies revealed that 1 and 2 effectively bind to BChE, with binding energies of -51.24 and -57.17 kcal/mol, respectively. Kinetic analysis of 2 indicated mixed-mode inhibition of BChE, with a Ki of 6.08 μM. In the paralysis assay, 1 showed a weak delay in paralysis and reduced the paralysis ratio from 72.59 ± 4.7% to 60.00 ± 7.0% (12.59% reduction) followed by 2 with 70.00 ± 1.7% (2.59% reduction) compared with negative standard (DMSO 0.1%) on human amyloid β-protein in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (CL4176) model.
Monosaccharides Composition of Fucoidan from Brown Seaweed (Sargassum plagiophyllum) and the Corresponding Antidengue Activity Pratiwi Pudjiastuti, Dheasy Herawati, Andi Zaidan, Esti Hendradi, Teguh Sucipto Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 2024 Dengue Fever is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus infection and it poses a significant threat in tropical countries, such as Indonesia. Several studies have shown that the existing treatment options for this condition were ineffective, including the Dengvaxia vaccine released in 2015. This has led to the exploration of bioactive substances with the potential to be developed as antiviral medicines. One of the promising candidates is brown seaweed (Sargassum plagiophyllum), which has been reported to have anti-dengue and cytotoxic effects. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the anti-dengue activity of fucoidan from S. plagiophyllum and analyze its monosaccharides composition. Fucoidan extract was purified with ion exchange chromatography and characterized with H-NMR and HPLC. According to HPLC analysis, the extract consisted of various sugars, including fucose (5980 g/g), galactose, xylose, mannose (1740 g/g), glucose (9.34 g/g), glucuronic, and galacturonic acid (10,06%). Furthermore, the anti-dengue activity was assessed using the viral ToxGlo test and the MTT assay. The results showed that fucoidan had an effective concentration (EC50) of 76.49 g/mL and a selectivity index (SI) of 3.02, indicating the presence of anti-dengue properties.
Chemotherapeutic prospects of organic extracts of Bornetella nitida from Selayar Island Nunuk Hariani Soekamto, Bahrun, Tatsufumi Okino, Herlina Rasyid, Pratiwi Pudjiastuti, Yuni Elsa Hadisaputri, Rahadian Zainul Kuwait Journal of Science, 2024 In this study, we aimed to identify the chemotherapeutic potential of Bornetella nitida, a Dasycladacean that contains various phytochemicals. Phytochemical extraction was performed using gradient maceration with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Additionally, toxicity tests as well as antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, phytochemical, and molecular docking analyses against three main cervical cancer proteins were performed. The B. nitida extracts showed moderate toxicity with LC50 ranging from 116.06 to 713.12 μg mL−1. The free-radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl varied with solvent polarity, exhibiting IC50 values of 22.20, 87.77, 401.55, and 752.08 μg mL−1 when extracted using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. Meanwhile, the cytotoxicity against HeLa cells ranged from 281.09 to 1329.33 μg mL−1, with the highest activity shown by the ethyl acetate extract. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of phytochemicals with various bioactivities in the extract, such as L-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, octadec-9-enoic acid, hexadecatrienoic acid, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6,10-trimethyl-14-ethylene-14-pentadecene, and phytol. Docking studies implied that the compounds commonly interact well with the binding site of the target protein. Overall, our results indicate that B. nitida extracts especially ethyl acetate extract can be developed as chemotherapeutic agents.
The production and characterization of cellulose acetate-TiO2 hollow fiber photocatalytic membrane for synthetic dye degradation of metanil yellow Ecology Environment and Conservation, 2019
Evaluation of bleaching caused by different acidity degree (PH) levels in sargassum sp. Aacl Bioflux, 2019
A novel spectrophotometric method for determination of histamine based on its complex reaction with Cu(II) and alizarin red S Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 2017
In vitro study of parasitemia determination of alkaloids from S. tuberosa Lour by flow cytometry in comparation with optical microscopy Der Pharma Chemica, 2015
Antimalarial and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds isolated from Erythrina crista-galli L Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014
