Manikandan M

@veltech.edu.in

Assistant Professor and ECE
Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology

Manikandan M


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https://researchid.co/manikandanm
8

Scopus Publications

Scopus Publications

  • Enhanced Performance of Hybrid Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Hexagonal Ring Patch and Ground Slot for Multiband Operation in 5G Wireless Communication
    Manikandan, M., Christydas, S. Prasad Jones, Saravanakumar, R., Rajasree, S. Alamelu Alias
    Tehnicki Vjesnik, 2025
    The article introduces a novel design for a Dual-Resonant Antenna (DRA), amalgamating a microstrip-fed Dielectric Resonator (DR) with a hexagonal ring patch.This innovative approach facilitates operation across seven distinct frequency bands by integrating a hexagonal slot into the ground structure, thereby enhancing performance metrics.The incorporation of the slot notably augments the antenna's impedance bandwidth, a crucial factor in achieving efficient wireless communication.Within the frequency spectrum of 5.09 GHz to 9.12 GHz, resonances are effectively detected, underscoring the versatility of this antenna design.With a gain exceeding 1.9 dBi, the antenna exhibits notable signal amplification capabilities.Additionally, boasting a directivity of over 4, the antenna showcases its efficacy in focusing transmitted signals towards specific directions, thereby enhancing communication reliability and range.The enhanced impedance bandwidth and multi-band operation make this antenna design suitable for a myriad of wireless communication applications.Its adaptability and dependability are underscored by the ability to operate across various frequency bands, catering to diverse communication needs.Whether utilized in Wi-Fi networks, satellite communication systems, or other wireless applications, this antenna design offers a reliable solution for achieving robust and efficient communication links.Furthermore, its compact form factor and integrated design make it conducive for integration into various devices, ranging from smartphones to IoT devices, further expanding its potential utility in modern communication ecosystems.
  • Intrusion Detection for Security Enhancing using Machine Learning Algorithm
    M. Manikandan, S. Sudhakar, T. Gobinath, M. Kumar, P. Rajasekaran, N. Murugeswari
    Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Cyber Physical Systems and Internet of Things Icoici 2025, 2025
    While Software-Defined Networking (SDN) stands out as an exceptional network management technique due to its adaptability and flexibility, these very strengths make it particularly vulnerable to security threats such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. When it comes to SDN frameworks, the most significant obstacles are related to identifying and mitigating DDoS attacks. This article explores the use of Echo State Networks (ESNs), an algorithm specifically adapted for Software-Defined Networking (SDN) environments, to detect Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. It is a type of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), in which the sequential data is processed efficiently that is very much needed to analysis the network traffic. The other conventional RNNs like simple RNN, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) and Bidirectional RNNs are extremely slow and challenging to train because of disappearing or expanding gradient problem. To assess the ESN algorithm's effectiveness, expanded this approach by incorporating flow features designed to improve DDoS detection. Thoroughly examined this proposed DDoS detection method using various simulation parameters and compared its results against other algorithms. The ESN consistently demonstrated superior performance, achieving better F-score, recall, precision, and accuracy values. Notably, it an impressive 97.78% average success rate, clearly highlighting its efficacy in identifying and preventing DDoS attacks. This research underscores the significant role ESNs can play as a cybersecurity tool, representing a considerable advancement in safeguarding SDN networks from DDoS threats.
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder Detection: A Structured Review on Algorithms and Performance
    J. Gladys Nancy, M. Manikandan, S. Karthigai Lakshmi, V. P. Jay Fantin, J. Vetrimanikumar, R. Carol Praveen
    4th International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and Computing Icaaic 2025, 2025
    This paper reviews a broad spectrum of ML and DL techniques applied to the identification and diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The survey examines various studies, focusing on their objectives, methodologies, datasets and performance evaluation is carried out using features derived from facial images, physiological responses, and behavioral traits. For Facial and image-based analysis, Studies using this method on children's datasets show varying accuracies, with algorithms like Xception, VGG16, and VGG19 achieving accuracies ranging from 80% to 91%. Physiological data, Studies in this category report high accuracies, with an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) achieving 100% accuracy and other algorithms like GoogleNet+SVM also reaching 100% for children. For questionnaire datasets, this method demonstrates high accuracy across different age groups, from toddlers to adults. For example, studies using questionnaire data with algorithms like Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) consistently show accuracies above 90%, with some reaching 99.75% for children. The findings indicate that ML and DL algorithms, to varied datasets holds significant promise for enhancing the accuracy and speed of ASD detection in individuals of any age. This review synthesizes the current state of research and identifies existing gaps, offering a basis for future efforts to build more effective and also develop more robust and generalizable ASD detection systems.
  • Textile Substrate Materials for Wearable Antenna Applications: A Review
    M. Manikandan, J. Jenisha, V. Srinath, P. Rajasekaran, V. Femina
    10th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems Icaccs 2024, 2024
    This article confers an extensive study of textile substrate materials often used in designing wearable fabric or textile antennas in recent literatures. The most opted structure for designing wearable textile antenna is microstrip patch antenna. Several specifications like gain, efficiency, operating range and specific absorption rate (SAR) decides the performance of wearable fabric patch antennas. The values of these specifications or parameters depend on materials used for patch and substrate of microstrip antenna, design mechanism and fabrication techniques involved. The review articles based on wearable textile antenna presented so far in the literature have analysed only the design and fabrication techniques involved. This article analysed the performance of frequently used textile substrate materials like Denim., Jeans, Felt, Polymide and Cotton in recent wearable textile antennas that had been designed for ISM band application. The gain, radiation efficiency, operating range and SAR value of all above mentioned textile substrates that were implemented on antenna structures are analysed and compared. After comparing the results of all the substrates, it is found that felt reveals outstanding performance. Felt exhibit higher values of gain, radiation efficiency and low SAR value in ISM band. On the other fold, when this felt substrate is used along with conductive patches like Shieldit super, Zelt and Taffeta a remarkable results are observed and also highlighted in this article. Hence this article will provide a complete guidance for antenna engineers working in wearable textile antenna applications.
  • Performance Analysis of Textile Substrates adopted in Wearable Antennas: A Review
    M. Manikandan, V. Femina, J. Vetrimanikumar, S. D. Vijayakumar, V. Karthi, V. Kumar
    International Conference on Advancements in Power Communication and Intelligent Systems Apci 2024, 2024
    This article is presented with the review of various textile substrates material that has been utilized in designing wearable textile antennas. The existing review articles presented had analysed several frequently used textile substrates like Jeans, Denim and Cotton. In this article, the performances of peculiar textile substrates like Silk, PF4 foam, Polyester, Felt and other unique substrates like Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Tween, Lycra, etc. are studied in detail through the significant parameters of textile antenna such as gain, radiation efficiency and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value. For detailed analogy, along with these substrates several frequently used substrates like Denim, Jeans, Cotton and Polymide are also considered. After comparison of various textile substrates in recent research articles, it is noted that Felt exposes excellent performance in ISM band. The maximum gain and radiation efficiency exhibited by the Felt material in ISM band is 9.2dBi and 83% respectively; minimum SAR value obtained by the Felt material is 0.014 W/Kg for one gram capacity of tissue and 0.47 W/Kg for ten gram capacity of tissue which is under the limit according to standards.
  • A Low SAR Beam Steering Slotted Array Antenna for mmWave 5G Mobile Handsets
    M. Manikandan, S. Karthigai Lakshmi
    Proceedings 5th International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology Icssit 2023, 2023
    A beam steering array antenna, which reduces SAR value for mm-wave 5G mobile handset is proposed. The proposed design is based on the model of i Phone 6s plus back panel which consists of fully metal covered back cover and LCD shielding. The metal cover has two sub arrays; one formed at the back side, consists of 8 rotated L shaped slots, can be used in talk mode and another formed on the top of the metal frame, consist of 8 rotated rectangular slots can be used in data mode. The proposed antenna array exhibits good reflection coefficient and from the evidence of radiation pattern measured at different scan angles, the structure has acceptable beam steering property. The maximum achievable gain is 16. S5dBi with bandwidth of 3.4 GHZ. The proposed L shaped slotted rectangular sub array reduces SAR to 0.0609 W/Kg and 0.653 W/Kg for 0° and 40° Scan angles respectively.
  • Viable Methods Adopted for Reducing SAR Value in Mobile Phone Antenna: A Review
    M. Manikandan, S. Karthigai Lakshmi
    Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2023
  • A Compact Penta-Band Low-SAR Antenna Loaded with Split-Ring Resonator for Mobile Applications
    M. Manikandan, S. Karthigai Lakshmi
    Genetics Research, 2022
    A compact rectangular patch with dual-ring SRR (split-ring resonator) is presented in this article. An antenna is designed on FR4 substrate with an overall footprint size of 26 mm × 30 mm × 1.6 mm. The antenna presented operates in five bands from 2.95 to 3.06 GHz, 3.79 to 3.87 GHz, 4.11 to 4.19 GHz, 5.39 to 5.51 GHz, and 5.97 to 6.11 GHz. Mobile and fixed voice communication, WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), 5G (5th generation), WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network), and ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) are some applications that utilized the above resonating bands. The penta-band operation is due to the inclusion of dual-ring SRR. The optimum values of the critical parameter of the SRR are identified using parametric analysis, and the results are presented. The antenna is also analyzed for the SAR (specific absorption rate) values, and it was found to be less than 2 W/kg for 10 g volume of tissue. The designed antenna is fabricated and tested, and the presented results show that there is good agreement between the simulated and measured results. Penta-band operation with simple structure, stable radiation pattern, and low SAR makes this antenna more intelligent and suitable for the mobile application.