Surgical and Non-Surgical Outcome of Asymptomatic Lumbosacral Lipomas in Children: A Systematic Review Nazar S. Annanepesov, Justina Phiri, Gennady E. Chmutin, Gerald Musa, Nicola Montemurro Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, 2026 Background: The management of asymptomatic lumbosacral lipomas remains controversial, with studies reporting both prophylactic surgery and conservative management. This review compares conservative and surgical treatment approaches for asymptomatic lumbosacral lipomas in children, analyzing outcomes, complications and secondary treatment. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. Data were extracted and analyzed based on demographic characteristics, lipoma classification, treatment modality, complications and secondary treatment. Results: A total of 22 retrospective studies comprising 1215 patients were included. The mean age was 1.87 years, with a 1.12:1 female-to-male ratio. Dorsal lipomas were the most common subtype (31.6%). At first, a total of 1017 (83.7%) patients underwent surgery, whereas 198 (16.3%) patients had conservative management. Total resection was achieved in 422 (41.9%) patients, whereas subtotal resection and partial resections were performed in 261 (25.9%) and in 334 (33.29%) patients, respectively. Neurological worsening occurred in 17.2% of patients treated conservatively at first diagnosis, with urological dysfunction being the most common symptoms reported (15.2%), followed by neurological deficit to the lower limbs (12.6). Conservative management following prior surgical intervention was performed in 2.6% of cases. A favorable outcome was observed in 88.7% of patients following surgical resection and in 81.8% of patients who were not treated surgically. Conclusion: While surgical intervention is associated with operative risk, it provides a lower risk of long-term neurological deterioration compared to conservative management. The decision to operate should be individualized, considering patient age, anatomical complexity and based on risk of progression.
Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma in Children: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review Ayisi Gordon-Gullanyi, Daniel A Encarnacion-Santos, Gennady Chmutin, Pavel Lobankin, Egor Chmutin, et al. Journal of Endovascular Resuscitation and Trauma Management, 2025 Background: Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma (SSEH) is a rare emergency in the general population. It is an even rarer entity in the pediatric population. Case Description: We report two cases: a 15-month-old boy with SSEH, who was presenting with irritability, acute pain, and a 3-year-old girl who presented with left-sided Horner’s syndrome and pain in the left upper extremity. Both patients were misdiagnosed upon admission. At 10 months and 2 months, respectively, after surgery, decompressive surgery was recommended as soon as possible, but this is normally carried out 12 to 24 hours after onset. Conclusion: The clinical presentation of SSEH is atypical and highly difficult to diagnose in children, especially in infants and toddlers. SSEH should always be included in the differential diagnosis when children present with acute back and neck pain, irritability, and uncontrolled crying.
Choosing the Path: Insights Into Zambian Medical Students' Specialty Selections Gerald Musa, Samuel Chilawa, Alick Bwanga, Bupe Mumba Mwela, Laston Chikoya, et al. Health Science Reports, 2025 BackgroundThe specialization of medical students is essential for enhancing healthcare quality, and meeting the diverse needs of patients, with medical training programs significantly influencing their career trajectories and expertise development. This study aimed to investigate the future specialty preferences of medical students from various medical schools in Zambia.Materials and MethodsThe study included participants from seven medical schools who had completed at least their first clinical clerkship. Data collection involved distributing structured questionnaires containing Likert scale items and open‐ended questions via an online Google Sheets platform. Data collected included: demographics, name of medical school, year of study, specialty preferences, factors influencing specialty preferences, awareness about medical specialties, and career pathways.ResultsA study involving 127 medical students in clinical clerkships revealed a gender ratio of 1.1:1 male to female, with 73% aged between 20 and 25 years. Specialty preferences varied, with internal medicine (12%) and cardiovascular surgery (10%) being popular choices, and 62% changing their preferences during clerkships. Key factors influencing specialty choice were personal interest (74%), work‐life balance (41%), and career prospects (30%). Only 21% were very familiar with medical specialties, and 83% rated mentorship availability poorly and suggested organizing workshops to enhance awareness. Future plans included further specialization (54%), international humanitarian work (54%), and medical academics (27%).ConclusionDespite recognizing the importance of mentorship, students rated the availability of mentorship and informational resources as inadequate. The findings emphasize the need for enhanced mentorship programs, comprehensive career guidance, and targeted informational workshops to support informed specialty choices, contributing to a better‐prepared and more satisfied medical workforce.
Is Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy the Best Option for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation? A Systematic Review Gerald Musa, Medetbek D. Abakirov, Naya Arzoumi, Samat T. Mamyrbaev, Rossi E. Barrientos Castillo, et al. International Journal of Spine Surgery, 2025 INTRODUCTION Recurrent lumbar disc herniation (rLDH) remains a challenge in spinal surgery. This systematic review analyzes the use of transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (TFED) for the treatment of rLDH. METHODS A comprehensive search of 4 electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane, was conducted. Studies that analyzed the use of TFED to manage rLDH were included in the review. The primary outcomes assessed in these studies encompassed postoperative complications, length of surgery, blood loss, duration of hospitalization, pain scores, and recurrence rates. RESULTS Six studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 405 patients. The mean duration of surgery was 24 to 158.74 minutes with intraoperative estimated blood loss of 0 to 34.8 mL. The mean recurrence rate was 4.4% with a 0.7% progression to fusion during the follow-up period. Durotomy was seen in 2.7% of cases. There was a 0.1% incidence of temporary nerve irritation with no permanent nerve injuries reported. CONCLUSIONS TFED for the management of rLDH is a lateral minimally invasive technique that avoids going through scar tissue, hence associated with a short duration of surgery, minimal to no measurable blood loss, and a very low complication rate. The few studies in the literature seem to suggest that TFED should be considered in patients with rLDH without segmental instability who meet the criteria for surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5
Management and Outcomes of Pediatric Focal Intracranial Suppurations: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis of 49 Cases Dimitri T. K. Ndandja, Medetbek D. Abakirov, Gerald Musa, Gennady E. Chmutin, Stéphane Nguembu, et al. Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences, 2025 Background: Focal intracranial suppurative infections are serious and potentially life-threatening conditions in children. The effectiveness of different management approaches for these conditions has not been fully evaluated. This retrospective analysis aims to highlight a single-center experience in the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of pediatric focal intracranial suppurations (FIS). Materials and Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis of 49 children managed with FIS was performed. The data collected included clinical presentation, pre- and post-operation neurological status, radiological imaging, predisposing factors, anatomical location, surgical history (number and type of surgical techniques), microbiology, antibiotic therapy, and complications. Results: Parenchymal brain abscesses were the most prevalent (46.94%), followed by subdural empyema (26.53%), and epidural abscess (26.53%). Direct contact from adjacent cranial infections, notably sinusitis, was the primary predisposing risk factor (59.18%). Clinical presentations encompassed fever, headache, focal neurological deficits, and seizures. Antibiotic therapy was administered to all patients, and surgical treatment was performed in 81.63% of cases. The median hospital stay was 23.5 ± 15.37 days. No permanent neurological deficits or mortalities were recorded. Follow-up imaging at 6 months revealed no residual lesions. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to the management of FIS. The findings underscore the significance of early diagnosis, appropriate surgical interventions, and individualized antibiotic therapy in achieving favorable neurological outcomes. The results of this single-center experience contribute valuable insights to guide future clinical decision-making and improve the management of these pathologies in children.
Management of a congenital arachnoid cyst in a newborn with obstructive hydrocephalus: A multistage surgical approach and neurodevelopmental outcome Gennady E. Chmutin, Marat Zh. Chigibaev, Egor G. Chmutin, Dovran D.B Nurmyradov, Zokirzhon U. Zokhidov, et al. Surgical Neurology International, 2025 Background: Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are cerebrospinal fluid-filled lesions of uncertain etiology, occasionally associated with other congenital malformations. While many remain asymptomatic, large or expanding cysts can cause hydrocephalus and neurological compromise, warranting intervention. Optimal management strategies for newborns with complex cyst anatomy remain debated, especially when initial fenestration fails. Case Description: We report the clinical course and surgical management of a full-term male newborn prenatally diagnosed with a large left frontoparietal AC, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and suspected schizencephalic changes. Postnatal imaging confirmed cyst-induced obstructive hydrocephalus. An initial endoscopic cystoventriculostomy was performed at 13 days of life, but neuroimaging showed persistent cyst growth and ventricular dilation. Two subsequent surgeries were required: A contralateral cystoventricular diversion and, finally, a cystoperitoneal shunt using stereotactic navigation and programmable valve implantation. Serial magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated progressive cyst size reduction and midline realignment. Postoperative anthropometric analysis showed normalization of head circumference growth curves. At 4 months, the infant showed a stable neurological status and improved psychomotor milestones. Conclusion: This case highlights the challenges of managing congenital ACs complicated by hydrocephalus, particularly when primary endoscopic fenestration fails. A staged, individualized neurosurgical approach, guided by neuroimaging and clinical evolution, can achieve both structural resolution and developmental stabilization. The use of stereotactic navigation and programmable shunt systems may enhance long-term outcomes in refractory neonatal cases.
Pediatric lumbar disc herniation: A systematic review of the state of management strategies and outcomes (2010–2024) Gerald Musa, Wila Namonje, Keith Simfukwe, Karina Marisel Familia, Bupe Mumba Mwela, et al. Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine, 2025 Introduction: Pediatric lumbar disc herniation (LDH) presents unique challenges compared to adult cases due to anatomical and developmental differences in the spine. This systematic review aims to consolidate evidence on the management and outcomes of pediatric LDH. Research Question: What are the clinical outcomes and efficacy of conservative and surgical treatments for pediatric LDH? Materials and Methods: A systematic review of studies from 2010 to 2024 was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies reporting on pediatric LDH treatment outcomes. Pain, disability, recurrence, and complication rates were extracted and assessed. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used to evaluate bias. Results: The review included 861 pediatric patients across 14 studies, with a mean age of 14.88 years and a male predominance (59.6%). The most commonly affected levels were L5/S1 (53%) and L4/L5 (43.8%). Conservative treatment was employed in 9.9% (n = 66), whereas microdiscectomy, endoscopic discectomy, and fusion were performed in 53.7% (n = 360), 32.2% (n = 216), 4.2% (n = 28), respectively. Postoperatively, improvements in pain (Visual Analog Scale: 6.15–1.33) and disability (Oswestry Disability Index: 42.09–7.01) were noted. The recurrence rate was 1.7% postoperatively and 42.4% following conservative management (average follow-up period of 23.78 months). Complication rate was 3%. Discussion and Conclusion: Pediatric LDH is primarily associated with sports-related trauma. Minimally invasive techniques such as endoscopic and microdiscectomy demonstrate good early and long-term outcomes, and low complications and recurrence rates. There is a paucity of studies comparing management techniques, particularly ones discussing conservative management, which may represent underreporting.
On the balance beam: facing the challenges of neurosurgical education in the third millennium Manuel De Jesus Encarnacion Ramirez, Nicola Montemurro, Gerald Musa, Gennady E. Chmutin, Renat Nurmukhametov, et al. Surgical Neurology International, 2024 Background: Neurosurgery is one of the most complex and challenging areas of medicine, and it requires an ongoing commitment to education and expertise. Preparing young neurosurgeons with comprehensive education that can allow them to achieve high professional standards is a pivotal aspect of our profession. Methods: This paper aims to analyze the current scenario in neurosurgical training identifying innovative methods that can guarantee the highest level of proficiency in our specialty. Results: Given the inherent high-stakes nature of neurosurgical procedures, there is a significant burden of responsibility in ensuring that neurosurgical training is of the highest caliber, capable of producing practitioners who possess not just theoretical knowledge but also practical skills and well-tuned judgment. Conclusion: Providing high-quality training is one of the major challenges that the neurosurgical community has to face nowadays, especially in low- and middle-income countries; one of the main issues to implementing neurosurgery worldwide is that the majority of African countries and many areas in Southeast Asia still have few neurosurgeons who encounter enormous daily difficulties to guarantee the appropriate neurosurgical care to their population.
Reperfusion Therapy in Pediatric Ischemic Stroke: the Pediatric Thrombolysis Protocol at the Primary Center of Pediatric Stroke in Moscow Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 2022
Cranioplasty as a therapeutic intervention for refractory postdecompressive craniectomy seizures in combat-traumatic brain injury: A report of two cases DTK Ndandja, AV Kim, GI Antonov, G Musa, GE Chmutin, SS Abrosimov, ... Surgical Neurology International 17, 240 , 2026 2026
Giant Thoracic Meningioma: Missed Diagnosis and Challenging Management in a Resource-Limited Setting G Musa, A Munkondya, LE Mwanza, S Sumaili, M Nambela, D Chiwaya, ... Cureus 18 (2) , 2026 2026
Surgical and Non-Surgical Outcome of Asymptomatic Lumbosacral Lipomas in Children: A Systematic Review NS Annanepesov, J Phiri, GE Chmutin, G Musa, N Montemurro Clinical and Translational Neuroscience 10 (1), 3 , 2026 2026
Management of a congenital arachnoid cyst in a newborn with obstructive hydrocephalus: A multistage surgical approach and neurodevelopmental outcome GE Chmutin, MZ Chigibaev, EG Chmutin, DDB Nurmyradov, ZU Zokhidov, ... Surgical Neurology International 16 (538), 1 , 2025 2025
Functional Recovery in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Diabetes Mellitus Following Early Post-Stroke Rehabilitation E Romanova, D Parot’kin, M Burzhunova, I Klimova, L Mandrik, N Mansur, ... SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine 7 (1), 431 , 2025 2025
CERG-04 ADULT NEUROONCOLOGY MANAGEMENT IN RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS: A MULTICENTER SURGICAL REVIEW OF 220 CASES AND SYSTEMIC CHALLENGES G Musa, M Mphande, K Simfukwe, K Sipalo, K Sichizya, L Chikoya Neuro-Oncology Advances 7 (Supplement_5), vdaf213. 025 , 2025 2025
The Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma in Children: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review A Gordon-Gullanyi, DA Encarnacion-Santos, G Chmutin, P Lobankin, ... Journal of Endovascular Resuscitation and Trauma Management , 2025 2025
Spontaneous Subdural Haematoma as a Rare Presentation of Ruptured Vascular Lesions: A Case Report of Three Patients ES KATAMBO Medical Journal of Zambia 52 (3), 462-467 , 2025 2025
Bilateral post-traumatic hygromas causing worsening of symptoms in a known Alzheimer’s patient with frontotemporal dementia: a case report G Musa, K Sipalo, M Mphande, C Siwale, K Simfukwe, E Katambo, ... Medical Journal of Zambia 52 (3), 475-481 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Bilateral Post-Traumatic Hygromas in a Patient with Frontotemporal Dementia: A Case Report. M Mphande, K Sipalo, C Siwale, G Musa, K Simfukwe, E Katambo, ... Medical Journal of Zambia 52 (3) , 2025 2025
Cerebral Hydatid Cyst Management in a Sub-Saharan Setting: A Zambian Case Series L Chikoya, M Lubasi, A Bhebhe, B Hangala, KN Moaneng, K Simfukwe, ... Medical Journal of Zambia 52 (2), 252-259 , 2025 2025
Management of cervical fractures in ankylosing spondylitis: a ten-year systemic review of surgical and nonsurgical outcomes G Musa, J Phiri, DTK Ndandja, K Familia, REC Barrientos, BM Mwela, ... Neurosurgical Review 48 (1), 234 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Choosing the Path: Insights Into Zambian Medical Students' Specialty Selections G Musa, S Chilawa, A Bwanga, BM Mwela, L Chikoya, B Chaurasia Health Science Reports 8 (2), e70463 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Is transforaminal endoscopic discectomy the best option for recurrent lumbar disc herniation? A systematic review G Musa, MD Abakirov, N Arzoumi, ST Mamyrbaev, REB Castillo, ... International journal of spine surgery 19 (1), 49 , 2025 2025 Citations: 6
Management and Outcomes of Pediatric Focal Intracranial Suppurations: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis of 49 Cases DTK Ndandja, MD Abakirov, G Musa, GE Chmutin, S Nguembu, AV Kim, ... Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences 20 (1), 19-25 , 2025 2025
Pediatric lumbar disc herniation: A systematic review of the state of management strategies and outcomes (2010–2024) G Musa, W Namonje, K Simfukwe, KM Familia, BM Mwela, DTK Ndandja, ... Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine 16 (1), 34-40 , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
Use of neuroendoscopy in combination treatment of a three-year-old patient with primary disseminated medulloblastoma: a case report JA Ashurov, G Musa, EV Kumirova, SN Margaryan, MI Livshitz, SS Ozerov, ... Cureus 16 (8) , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Clinical outcome after epidural spinal cord stimulation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury AN Vorobyev, AV Burmistrova, KM Puzin, MD Varyukhina, ML Radutnaya, ... Cureus 16 (7) , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
On the balance beam: facing the challenges of neurosurgical education in the third millennium MDJE Ramirez, N Montemurro, G Musa, GE Chmutin, R Nurmukhametov, ... Surgical Neurology International 15, 102 , 2024 2024 Citations: 15
The importance of social networks in neurosurgery training in low/middle income countries MJ Encarnacion Ramirez, JN Mukengeshay, G Chumtin, ... Frontiers in surgery 11, 1341148 , 2024 2024 Citations: 18
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Three-dimensional plastic modeling on bone frames for cost-effective neuroanatomy teaching MJE Ramirez, R Nurmukhametov, G Musa, REB Castillo, ... Cureus 14 (7) , 2022 2022 Citations: 37
Clinical and radiological characteristics in fatal third ventricle colloid cyst. Literature review G Musa, K Simfukwe, A Gots, G Chmutin, E Chmutin, B Chaurasia Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 82, 52-55 , 2020 2020 Citations: 30
The importance of social networks in neurosurgery training in low/middle income countries MJ Encarnacion Ramirez, JN Mukengeshay, G Chumtin, ... Frontiers in surgery 11, 1341148 , 2024 2024 Citations: 18
Prevalence of depression among cervical cancer patients seeking treatment at the cancer diseases hospital R Paul, G Musa, H Chungu IOSR J Dent Med Sci Ver XI 15 (6), 2279-861 , 2016 2016 Citations: 17
On the balance beam: facing the challenges of neurosurgical education in the third millennium MDJE Ramirez, N Montemurro, G Musa, GE Chmutin, R Nurmukhametov, ... Surgical Neurology International 15, 102 , 2024 2024 Citations: 15
Traumatic intracranial aneurysms (TICA) in children: a description of two clinical cases of successful treatment and review of literature IM Livshits, BF Berdinov, G Musa, EG Chmutin, VA Levov, GK Chmutin, ... Child's Nervous System 38 (11), 2063-2070 , 2022 2022 Citations: 13
Three-dimensional Cerebrovascular Bypass Training. A New Low-Cost Home-Made Model JH Manuel De Jesus Encarnacion Ramirez,Gerald Musa,Rossi Evelyn Barrientos ... Frontiers in medical case reports 2 (2), 1-10 , 2021 2021 Citations: 12
Repeat discectomy for the management of same-level recurrent disc herniation: a study of 50 patients G Musa, SK Makirov, SV Susin, GE Chmutin, AV Kim, DV Hovrin, ... Cureus 15 (6) , 2023 2023 Citations: 11
Repeat discectomy for recurrent same level disc herniation: A literature review of the past 5 years G Musa, REC Barrientos, SK Makirov, GE Chmutin, GI Antonov, AV Kim, ... Surgical Neurology International 14, 100 , 2023 2023 Citations: 10
Management of recurrent lumbar disc herniation: a comparative analysis of posterior lumbar interbody fusion and repeat discectomy G Musa, SK Makirov, GE Chmutin, SV Susin, AV Kim, GI Antonov, ... Annals of Medicine and Surgery 86 (2), 842-849 , 2024 2024 Citations: 9
Advancing insights into recurrent lumbar disc herniation: A comparative analysis of surgical approaches and a new classification G Musa, MD Abakirov, GE Chmutin, ST Mamyrbaev, MDJE Ramirez, ... Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine 15 (1), 66-73 , 2024 2024 Citations: 7
Assessing the reliability of zygomatic bone landmarks as guides to reach the inferior orbital fissure in orbitozygomatic osteotomy: anatomical study of 83 human skulls SA Melchenko, VA Cherekaev, OY Alyoshkina, GV Danilov, G Musa, ... Neurosurgical Review 45 (3), 2175-2182 , 2022 2022 Citations: 7
Cerebrospinal fluid ascites: A patient case report and literature review G Musa, A Gots, MC Lungu, M Mutumwa Medical Journal of Zambia 45 (4), 230-233 , 2018 2018 Citations: 7
Is transforaminal endoscopic discectomy the best option for recurrent lumbar disc herniation? A systematic review G Musa, MD Abakirov, N Arzoumi, ST Mamyrbaev, REB Castillo, ... International journal of spine surgery 19 (1), 49 , 2025 2025 Citations: 6
Pediatric lumbar disc herniation: A systematic review of the state of management strategies and outcomes (2010–2024) G Musa, W Namonje, K Simfukwe, KM Familia, BM Mwela, DTK Ndandja, ... Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine 16 (1), 34-40 , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
Dural arteriovenous fistula of the torcular herophili presenting with hydrocephalus and venous congestion in an 8-month-old child: A case report DTK Ndandja, G Musa, REC Barrientos, MI Livshitz, SNJ Manko, ... Brain Circulation 9 (1), 39-43 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
Degenerative grade 3 spondylolisthesis management: a case report and literature review G Musa, REB Castillo, MV Slabov, K Chirwa, GE Chmutin, MJE Ramirez, ... Cureus 14 (9) , 2022 2022 Citations: 5
Repeat discectomy and spinal fusion in the treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniation: Systematic review of the literature SK Makirov, G Musa, DTK Ndandja, GE Chmutin, AV Kim, DV Hovrin, ... Хирургия позвоночника 20 (3 (eng)), 43-49 , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
Management of cervical fractures in ankylosing spondylitis: a ten-year systemic review of surgical and nonsurgical outcomes G Musa, J Phiri, DTK Ndandja, K Familia, REC Barrientos, BM Mwela, ... Neurosurgical Review 48 (1), 234 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Choosing the Path: Insights Into Zambian Medical Students' Specialty Selections G Musa, S Chilawa, A Bwanga, BM Mwela, L Chikoya, B Chaurasia Health Science Reports 8 (2), e70463 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3