Principles and Applications of Virtual and Augmented Reality C. P. Shirley, Immanuel Johnraja Jebadurai, Getzi Jeba Leelipushpam Paulraj, P. Joyce Beryl Princess Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality with 6g Communication, 2025 Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are two cutting-edge technologies reshaping various industries. Their immersive and interactive capabilities offer new ways to enhance learning experiences, making abstract concepts more tangible and accessible. This chapter provides an in-depth introduction to virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), two revolutionary technologies that are significantly impacting a variety of fields. VR immerses users in a completely virtual environment, offering experiences that replicate or extend beyond the real world. AR, conversely, superimposes digital elements onto the physical world, enhancing real-world interactions with contextual information and interactive features. The fundamental principles of VR involve creating immersive experiences through the use of head-mounted displays (HMDs), motion tracking, and sensory feedback systems. These components work together to create a sense of presence in a virtual space, enabling users to explore and interact with computer-generated environments. Key VR technologies include high-resolution displays, gyroscopic sensors, and advanced graphics processing units (GPUs). Similar gear is used in AR, which focuses on superimposing digital content on the physical world. This is accomplished via gadgets that use cameras and sensors to comprehend and enhance the physical world, such as smartphones, tablets, and AR glasses. AR applications are characterized by their ability to enhance real-time interactions and provide additional layers of information, creating a seamless blend of virtual and real-world experiences. The applications of VR and AR span numerous industries. In education, these technologies offer immersive learning environments, virtual field trips, and interactive simulations that enhance student engagement and understanding. In healthcare, VR and AR are used for surgical simulations, medical training, and rehabilitation, providing safe and controlled environments for practice and recovery. The entertainment industry benefits from VR and AR through immersive gaming experiences and enhanced cinematic content. Industrial applications include AR for maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO), and VR for design and prototyping in engineering and manufacturing [12]. Despite their transformative potential, VR and AR face several challenges. Technical limitations such as latency, resolution, and field of view can affect user experience. High development and implementation costs pose barriers to widespread adoption. Additionally, user experience issues, such as motion sickness and the need for intuitive interfaces, remain significant hurdles. Privacy and security concerns also arise, particularly in AR applications that capture and process real-world data. Future trends in VR and AR point toward greater integration with artificial intelligence (AI), improved hardware capabilities, and broader accessibility. Advances in AI will enable more intuitive and adaptive VR and AR experiences, while improvements in hardware will enhance performance and reduce costs. The development of lightweight, comfortable, and affordable VR and AR devices will make these technologies more accessible to a wider audience. This chapter examines the fundamental principles, technical components, and development tools associated with VR and AR. Key applications across diverse fields such as education, healthcare, entertainment, and industry are highlighted, demonstrating the broad impact and potential of these technologies. The chapter focuses on the hardware and software that power these experiences, showcasing the components that create breath-taking virtual worlds and seamlessly blend the digital with the physical Additionally, the chapter also discusses the current challenges in VR and AR development, including technical limitations, high costs, and user experience issues. Future trends and innovations are also explored, offering insights into the ongoing evolution of VR and AR technologies.
VR and AR Use Cases and Applications C. P. Shirley, Immanuel Johnraja Jebadurai, Getzi Jeba Leelipushpam Paulraj, S. Thanga Helina Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality with 6g Communication, 2025 Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) have rapidly transitioned from nascent technologies to transformative tools across various industries. Their unique ability to create immersive experiences and overlay digital information onto the physical world has opened up numerous innovative applications. This abstract explores the diverse use cases and applications of VR and AR, highlighting their potential to revolutionize different sectors. In the gaming and entertainment industry, VR provides highly immersive experiences, allowing users to engage with virtual environments in ways that were previously impossible. Games like “Beat Saber” and “Half-Life: Alyx” demonstrate the potential for VR to create highly interactive and engaging content. Healthcare has also significantly benefited from VR and AR technologies. VR is used for pain management, physical therapy, and mental health treatment, offering therapeutic experiences that help patients manage conditions such as PTSD, anxiety, and chronic pain. AR applications in healthcare include aiding surgeons with real-time data during procedures, training medical professionals through simulated environments, and improving patient outcomes by providing detailed visualizations of anatomical structures. In the education and training sector, VR and AR are redefining learning experiences by providing immersive, hands-on training without the risks associated with real-life practice. VR simulations allow students to explore complex scientific concepts, historical events, and virtual field trips, while AR enhances textbooks and educational materials with interactive 3D models and multimedia content. The retail industry leverages AR to enhance customer experiences by allowing users to visualize products in their real-world environment before making a purchase. Applications such as virtual fitting rooms and home decor visualization tools help reduce returns and increase customer satisfaction. VR, on the other hand, offers virtual store tours and immersive shopping experiences, providing a novel way for consumers to interact with brands. Manufacturing industries utilize VR and AR for design, prototyping, and maintenance. VR enables virtual prototyping, which reduces the time and cost associated with physical prototypes. AR assists in maintenance and repair tasks by overlaying technical information and step-by-step instructions directly onto machinery, improving efficiency and reducing downtime. In real estate , VR tours allow potential buyers to explore properties remotely, providing a realistic sense of space and layout without the need for physical visits. Finally, social interactions and remote collaboration are enhanced through VR and AR, which enable virtual meetings and collaborative workspaces. These technologies bridge the gap between physical presence and digital interaction, fostering more effective and engaging communication among remote teams. In conclusion, VR and AR technologies are revolutionizing various industries by providing innovative solutions and enhancing user experiences. As these technologies continue to advance, their applications will expand further, driving efficiency, creativity, and engagement across multiple domains.
From Data to Diagnosis: A Review of Machine Learning Models for Postpartum Depression Prediction Sreeji S, Shirley C P Proceedings 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications Healthcare and Internet of Things Aimla 2025, 2025 A common mental health condition that affects new mothers, postpartum depression (PPD) has serious repercussions for the health of both the unborn child's and the mother's health. To lessen its effects, early detection and action are essential. By examining a variety of data sources, such as demographic data, electronic health records (EHR), social media activity, wearable sensor data, and genetic markers, machine learning (ML) models have become increasingly effective tools for predicting PPD in recent years. The methodologies, datasets, feature selection strategies, and predictive performance of several ML-based PPD prediction models are all compared in this review. Also examined at the difficulties these models present, such as biases in training datasets, data privacy, and interpretability and compared the Performance (AUC, Accuracy, etc.).
Safeguarding Information Security: The Imperative Role of Quantum Random Number Generation Thanga Helina Stalin, Sreejith Balakrishnan, I. Berin Jeba Jingle, Shirley Chellathurai Pon Anna Bai Quantum Computing and Artificial Intelligence the Industry Use Cases, 2025 Quantum Random Number Generation (QRNG) has emerged as a cutting-edge field at the intersection of quantum mechanics, information theory, and cryptography. This abstract provides a concise overview of the fundamental principles, algorithms, challenges, applications, and future directions associated with QRNG. Leveraging the unique properties of quantum systems, such as superposition and entanglement, QRNG offers the promise of generating truly random sequences, a feature essential for applications in secure communications, cryptographic protocols, and computational simulations. This abstract explores the foundational concepts of QRNG, highlighting key algorithms based on photonic and atomic principles. It also addresses the challenges posed by quantum decoherence and environmental noise, as well as the expanding applications of QRNG in quantum cryptography and scientific simulations. Looking ahead, the abstract discusses the potential impact of QRNG on future technologies and underscores its role in reshaping the landscape of random number generation in the era of quantum computing.
Quantum Computers-Real-World Applications and Challenges Gnanasankaran Natarajan, Shirley Chellathurai Pon Anna Bai, Sandhya Soman, Elakkiya Elango Quantum Computing and Artificial Intelligence the Industry Use Cases, 2025 Quantum computing has aided in the advancement of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning technology. In recent years, Quantum Computing has grown in popularity, and Artificial Intelligence has emerged as one of its key application areas. The use of quantum computing, a novel technology that processes data using quantum physics theories, may dramatically boost the speed and effectiveness of machine learning. Quantum computing is based on quantum physics, which varies from classical physics in numerous ways. In quantum physics, particles such as electrons and photons, which can exist in several states at the same time, can be used to represent information. This means that quantum computers can process massive amounts of data far faster than ordinary computers, as well as solve complex problems that normal computers find difficult. Quantum computing can be used to speed up the process of doing complex computations and simulations in the field of Machine Learning. A quantum computer, for example, may be used to rapidly evaluate large data sets and identify patterns that would be difficult to detect using traditional computing approaches. Obviously, the use of Quantum Computing can improve the efficiency of Machine Learning systems. Even Artificial Intelligence systems can be made significantly more effective and efficient by using a quantum computer to examine data and decide the most effective ways to carry out various tasks. This type of optimization has the potential to dramatically increase the efficiency of Artificial Intelligent systems while also cutting maintenance costs. In this chapter, the basic introduction about Quantum computing, Quantum Physics, types of Quantum computers, and their characteristics are depicted. Later, the advantages and disadvantages of quantum computers are derived, and further, some of the real-time applications of quantum computers in the most prevailing domains such as drug discovery, financial modeling, weather forecasting, traffic management, and environmental modeling are explained. Finally, the challenges in implementing the quantum computers are elucidated.
Demystifying the Industry 5.0 Version Venkatesan Ramachandran, Feroze Ahamed Zahir Ahamed, Thanga Helina Stalin, Shirley Chellathurai Pon Anna Bai Edge AI for Industry 5 0 and Healthcare 5 0 Applications, 2025 The advent of Industry 5.0 marks a significant paradigm shift in industrial processes, integrating cutting-edge technologies to foster a new era of collaboration between humans and machines. This chapter seeks to demystify the core concepts and key components of Industry 5.0, shedding light on the transformative potential it holds for diverse sectors. Through an in-depth analysis of Industry 5.0’s underlying principles, including human-machine synergy, advanced automation, and cyber-physical systems, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolving industrial landscape. Furthermore, this chapter explores the real-world applications and implications of Industry 5.0, examining its impact on productivity, efficiency, and sustainability. By elucidating the role of artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and decentralized decision-making in this context, we elucidate how Industry 5.0 is reshaping traditional manufacturing processes and supply chains. In addition to dissecting the technological aspects; this chapter delves into the socioeconomic dimensions of Industry 5.0, addressing challenges and opportunities associated with its implementation. The human-centric approach of Industry 5.0, emphasizing the augmentation of human skills alongside technological advancements, is a key focus. Through an interdisciplinary lens, this research piece aims to demystify the intricacies of Industry 5.0, providing valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers navigating the evolving landscape of industrial innovation. As industries globally embark on the journey toward this next industrial revolution, a clearer understanding of Industry 5.0 is essential for harnessing its potential and navigating the challenges it presents.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and IoT for Healthcare 5.0: Use Cases, Applications, and Challenges Gnanasankaran Natarajan, Elakkiya Elango, Sandhya Soman, Shirley Chellathurai Pon Anna Bai Edge AI for Industry 5 0 and Healthcare 5 0 Applications, 2025 During the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, succeeding manufacturing improvements have resulted in increasingly complicated, automated, and sustainable production techniques, enabling machines to be handled with ease of use, performance, and durability in modern expanding areas. People presently demand the human touch of mass personalization; hence, Industry 5.0 aids them in the transition from mass manufacturing to mass personalization. Industry 5.0 is enabling mass customization, and today’s industry needs significant advancements in manufacturing processes, production system digitalization, and intelligence. Previously, Industry 4.0 enabled mass customization, which was insufficient. Type 1 diabetes, for example, is difficult to maintain since people have different degrees of metabolism and dimensions, as well as different skin thicknesses, behaviors, and lifestyles. The transition to Industry 5.0 enables the provision of an application that tracks people’s habits and routines, developing a diabetic control approach and, eventually, a lower, more discrete, and dependable gadget personalized to the individual. The ability to create an Industry 5.0 technique would thus be completely life-changing for diabetes patients. With the goal to develop symmetrical innovation, Industry 5.0 may get insight via big data that creates a network of digital information. It may do what a human wishes by utilizing cooperative robots to increase precision and performance. For instance, collaborative robots can be used on the operating table to conduct novel surgery. According to Forrester’s perspective, big data consists of four components: information volume, information diversity, information value, speed of generation of new information, and interpretation. The Internet of Things (IoT), in which sensor-equipped equipment with connection communicate data to other machines and computer systems, automate various operations, and collect vast amounts of new data types, is one of the reliable enablers. The essential role of artificial intelligence is discussed in this chapter. The role of IoT in modern medical equipment manufacturing are elaborated. Explainable AI advancements and sophisticated enhancements provided by Industry 5.0 are discussed. Later, the modern healthcare systems integrated with Industry 5.0 and its several applications and their challenges are depicted.
AI-based Carbon Footprint Tracking and Reduction Vidhya K, Shaik Nabeel A F, Nagarajan B, T.M. Thiyagu, Jenefa Archpaul, C. P. Shirley Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks Icicv 2025, 2025
Employee Attrition Rate Prediction - Using Machine Learning 16th International Conference on Advances in Computing Control and Telecommunication Technologies Act 2025, 2025
A Deep Learning Model for Detection of Alzheimer's Disease based on Retinal Photographs with Transfer Learning 16th International Conference on Advances in Computing Control and Telecommunication Technologies Act 2025, 2025
Quantum Transfer Learning via Pennylane and ResNet using Machine Learning 16th International Conference on Advances in Computing Control and Telecommunication Technologies Act 2025, 2025
The roadmap to AI and digital twin adoption Elakkiya Elango, Gnanasankaran Natarajan, Ahamed Lebbe Hanees, Shirley Chellathurai Pon Anna Bai Digital Twin Technology and AI Implementations in Future Focused Businesses, 2024
Skin Cancer Detection based on Deep Learning using Mobile Net Algorithm 15th International Conference on Advances in Computing Control and Telecommunication Technologies Act 2024, 2024
Machine Learning Enabled Optical Characteristics Analysis Under Varying Illumination Conditions 15th International Conference on Advances in Computing Control and Telecommunication Technologies Act 2024, 2024
Deciphering Depression: Linguistic Analysis of Social Media Data Manoshika Catherine S J, Manicka Raja, Saravana Kumar C S, C P Shirley, R Venkatesan, Sheril Angel J 3rd International Conference on Automation Computing and Renewable Systems Icacrs 2024 Proceedings, 2024
Vector quantized optimal stage wise video frame classifier for human face recognition Biomedical Research India, 2017
Video key frame extraction through wavelet information scheme Arpn Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2016
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Predicting Postpartum Depression Using Questionnaire-Based Data and Machine Learning S Sreeji, CP Shirley 2026 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Machine … , 2026 2026
Automated Retinal Disease and Ocular Tumor Detection Using ML CP Shirley, K Vidhya, S Stewart Kirubakaran 2026 6th International Conference on Trends in Material Science and … , 2026 2026
A smart inventory system utilizing gated axial attention for improved accuracy and customer satisfaction ST Helina, JPM Dhas, CP Shirley, ER Gnanaroy, PJB Princess, ... SN Business & Economics 6 (3), 70 , 2026 2026
VR and AR Use Cases and Applications CP Shirley, IJ Jebadurai, GJL Paulraj, ST Helina Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality with 6G Communication, 469-509 , 2025 2025
Principles and Applications of Virtual and Augmented Reality CP Shirley, IJ Jebadurai, GJL Paulraj, PJB Princess Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality with 6G Communication, 21-49 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Brain tumor segmentation using optimized depth wise separable convolutional neural network with dense U-Net KG Revathi, CP Shirley, S Sreethar Knowledge-Based Systems 324, 113678 , 2025 2025 Citations: 14
AI-based Carbon Footprint Tracking and Reduction K Vidhya, SN AF, B Nagarajan, TM Thiyagu, J Archpaul, CP Shirley 2025 6th International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies … , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Enhancing Wildlife Monitoring: Real-Time Alerts Through Email and Messaging K Vidhya, B Nagarajan, TM Thiyagu, J Archpaul, CP Shirley 2025 6th International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies … , 2025 2025
Automatic modulation classification scheme for next-generation cellular networks using optimized adaptive multi-scale dual attention network W Priya, CP Shirley, T Vignesh Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications 18 (3), 1-18 , 2025 2025
From Data to Diagnosis: A Review of Machine Learning Models for Postpartum Depression Prediction S Sreeji, CP Shirley 2025 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Machine … , 2025 2025
Dual-stage deep learning: A new approach to enhancing species-specific plant disease detection C Pabitha, RR Sharma, CP Shirley, TG Babu, M Rajendiran, L Natrayan Hybrid and Advanced Technologies, 60-65 , 2025 2025
Identification of Parkinson's disease progression with EEG signals using hybrid optimization approach BA Selvam, CP Shirley, KNV Satyanarayana, M Rajendiran, TRV Lakshmi, ... Hybrid and advanced technologies, 272-277 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Cloud-powered efficiency: a mobile application for agricultural pest identification using cycle-consistent generative adversarial networks S Soundararajan, CP Shirley, B Mallala, K Padmanaban Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1-28 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Deciphering Depression: Linguistic Analysis of Social Media Data MC SJ, M Raja, S Kumar, CP Shirley, R Venkatesan 2024 3rd International Conference on Automation, Computing and Renewable … , 2024 2024
Automatic visualization of gas leakage in the domestic sector using spacial and temporal models with image processing techniques IJ Raja, SVE Sonia, CP Shirley, I Titus Signal, Image and Video Processing 18 (12), 8859-8867 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Reinforcement Learning based Adaptive Healthcare Decision Support Systems using Time Series Forecasting CP Shirley, BJ Jingle, MB Abisha, R Venkadesan, SJ Absin 2024 5th International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive … , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Secure Sentinel Leveraging Machine Learning for Fraud Detection in Blockchain Transactions CP Shirley, BJ Jingle, P Saran, SJ Absin 2024 5th International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive … , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
Optimized attention-induced multihead convolutional neural network with efficientnetv2-fostered melanoma classification using dermoscopic images M Maheswari, MU Ahamed Ayoobkhan, CP Shirley, TRV Lakshmi Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 62 (11), 3311-3325 , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
Deepfake detection using multi-modal fusion combined with attention mechanism CP Shirley, BJ Jingle, MB Abisha, R Venkatesan, YR RV, E Elango 2024 4th International Conference on Sustainable Expert Systems (ICSES … , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
ML based text summarization for sentiment analysis in information retrieval using feature engineering CP Shirley, BJ Jingle, R Venkatesan, R Tamilarasan, YR RV 2024 4th International Conference on Sustainable Expert Systems (ICSES), 571-576 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Structural diversity, functional versatility and applications in industrial, environmental and biomedical sciences of polysaccharides and its derivatives–A review B Elango, CP Shirley, GS Okram, T Ramesh, KK Seralathan, ... International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 250, 126193 , 2023 2023 Citations: 55
Impact of cloud computing on the future of smart farming JI Johnraja, PGJ Leelipushpam, CP Shirley, PJB Princess Intelligent robots and drones for precision agriculture, 391-420 , 2024 2024 Citations: 25
Brain tumor segmentation using optimized depth wise separable convolutional neural network with dense U-Net KG Revathi, CP Shirley, S Sreethar Knowledge-Based Systems 324, 113678 , 2025 2025 Citations: 14
Gravitational search-based optimal deep neural network for occluded face recognition system in videos CP Shirley, NR Ram Mohan, B Chitra Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing 32 (1), 189-215 , 2021 2021 Citations: 12
Recognition and monitoring of gas leakage using infrared imaging technique with machine learning CP Shirley, JIJ Raja, SV Evangelin Sonia, I Titus Multimedia Tools and Applications 83 (12), 35413-35426 , 2024 2024 Citations: 8
Blockchain and deep learning development of smart charging of electric vehicles to meet the demand side management CP Shirley, SVE Sonia, V Sathya, N Manikandan, MK Vidhyalakshmi, ... 2023 International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Data … , 2023 2023 Citations: 7
Secure Sentinel Leveraging Machine Learning for Fraud Detection in Blockchain Transactions CP Shirley, BJ Jingle, P Saran, SJ Absin 2024 5th International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive … , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
Optimized attention-induced multihead convolutional neural network with efficientnetv2-fostered melanoma classification using dermoscopic images M Maheswari, MU Ahamed Ayoobkhan, CP Shirley, TRV Lakshmi Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 62 (11), 3311-3325 , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
Deepfake detection using multi-modal fusion combined with attention mechanism CP Shirley, BJ Jingle, MB Abisha, R Venkatesan, YR RV, E Elango 2024 4th International Conference on Sustainable Expert Systems (ICSES … , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
IoT device type identification using training deep quantum neural networks optimized with a chimp optimization algorithm for enhancing IoT security CP Shirley, J Kumar, K Pitambar Rane, N Kumar, D Radha Rani, ... Journal of High Speed Networks 30 (2), 191-201 , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
Improving Prostate Cancer Diagnosis with Weakly Supervised Learning and Radiology-Confirmed Negative MRI Data DM Rafi, TRV Lakshmi, CP Shirley, G Ravivarman, G Senthilkumar 2024 International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT … , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
Automatic visualization of gas leakage in the domestic sector using spacial and temporal models with image processing techniques IJ Raja, SVE Sonia, CP Shirley, I Titus Signal, Image and Video Processing 18 (12), 8859-8867 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Empowering patients: unlocking benefits through blockchain integration in IoT-based biomedical and healthcare systems SV Evangelin Sonia, C Beulah Christalin Latha, A Jenefa, CP Shirley Blockchain for Biomedical Research and Healthcare: Concept, Trends, and … , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
ML integrated facial expression recognition on occluded faces using feature fusion CP Shirley, SJ Absin 2024 3rd International Conference on Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning … , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Mindset, An Android-Based Mental Wellbeing Support Mobile Application M Samuel, CP Shirley 2023 3rd International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Social … , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
Cloud-powered efficiency: a mobile application for agricultural pest identification using cycle-consistent generative adversarial networks S Soundararajan, CP Shirley, B Mallala, K Padmanaban Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1-28 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Facial Recognition System with LBPH Algorithm: Implementation in Python for Machine Learning K Ramalakshmi, BJ Jingle, CP Shirley, V Suvisheik, K Vidhya 2024 Second International Conference on Intelligent Cyber Physical Systems … , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Principles and Applications of Virtual and Augmented Reality CP Shirley, IJ Jebadurai, GJL Paulraj, PJB Princess Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality with 6G Communication, 21-49 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
AI-based Carbon Footprint Tracking and Reduction K Vidhya, SN AF, B Nagarajan, TM Thiyagu, J Archpaul, CP Shirley 2025 6th International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies … , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Reinforcement Learning based Adaptive Healthcare Decision Support Systems using Time Series Forecasting CP Shirley, BJ Jingle, MB Abisha, R Venkadesan, SJ Absin 2024 5th International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive … , 2024 2024 Citations: 2