Raaid Alubady received his Ph.D. degrees in Information Technology from the Universiti Utara Malaysia, in 2017. He got a Bachelor's degree in Computer Sciences from University of Babylon-Iraq, a Higher Diploma in Data Security from Iraqi Commission for Computers and Informatics-Iraq, and a Master's degree in Information Technology from UUM- Malaysia. Alubady is a lecturer at the Network Information Department, College of Information Technology, University of Babylon- Iraq. He is a member of IEEE and actively involved in IEEE activities. In addition, he is a member of the Internet Society Malaysia Chapter; a member of the Iraqi Association for IT Specialists, Iraq; and a reviewer of several international academic journals and conferences. Currently attached to the InterNetWorks Research Laboratory (IRL).
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Future Internet (ICN and NDN), Wireless Networking/MANET/VANET/FANET, Sensor Networking (WSN, WBAN and IoT), Fog and Cloud Computing, Blockchain Technology, Routing Protocols, Network Security as wellas Network Performance Analysis and Evaluation.
73
Scopus Publications
685
Scholar Citations
14
Scholar h-index
21
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
A bio-inspired swarm UAV framework integrating thermal sensing and optimization-based coordination for efficient search and rescue operations Abbas Aqeel Kareem, Ahmed Jabbar Abid, Dalal Abdulmohsin Hammood, Raaid Alubady, Salam J. Yaqoob, Omar Almomani, Oleksandr Rubanenko Scientific Reports, 2026 Search and rescue (SAR) operations demand rapid, reliable detection of survivors in disaster-stricken environments where time, terrain, and responder safety are critical constraints. While Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with thermal imaging offer a promising aerial solution, current approaches often struggle to balance large-area coverage, responsiveness to thermal cues, and avoidance of redundant search paths. This paper proposes a modular, bio-inspired swarm UAV framework that enables real-time thermal-based SAR through autonomous, cooperative exploration of a discretized search grid. Each UAV operates as an intelligent agent, leveraging bio-inspired optimization algorithms to determine its next target location, with decision-making grounded in a shared thermal confidence map. A novel Exploration Score metric is introduced to quantitatively assess search efficiency by integrating area coverage, redundancy minimization, and spatial dispersion of the swarm. The system is implemented in a high-fidelity PX4 + Gazebo simulation environment, featuring real-time thermal detection and multi-drone coordination. Ten bio-inspired algorithms are evaluated under identical conditions, with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) achieving the highest exploration score of 0.67, outperforming Grey Wolf Optimizer (0.62) and Ant Colony Optimization (0.59). PSO also achieved 80% area coverage within 60% of the mission time while maintaining a low redundancy ratio (~ 0.25) and balanced inter-drone separation (15–20 m). These results confirm the framework’s effectiveness in enabling fast, adaptive, and energy-efficient thermal search missions, significantly enhancing the probability of early survivor detection. The proposed architecture serves as a benchmarking platform for UAV swarm coordination, and the exploration score metric offers a unified performance measure for future SAR algorithm comparisons.
Modeling and Analysis of WSN-Enabled Solar Tracking System with On-Nodes Energy Harvesting Dr. Raaid Alubady, Dr. Atheer Y. Oudah, Dr. Haydar Abdulameer Marhoon Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks Ubiquitous Computing and Dependable Applications, 2026 This paper proposes and discusses a WSNs-based solar tracking system which is targeted at maximizing the collection of PV energy at low operation costs. The modules are all autonomous sensors of the solar elevation, calculating the associated maximum tilt and changing its direction every hour with a low-complexity controller, given Gaussian sensing noise. The by tracking the sun in a dynamical way over a 24-hours period in the MATLAB implementation, the system has an average tracking error of less than 2o, which translates to a greater than 99.9 % optical effectiveness. The simulation has indicated that this system increases the most daily energy production by nearly a twofold, which is 1.8 kWh of energy produced by the fixed-tilt arrays and about 3.4kwh/module of energy generated by 90 tilt a 90 % enhancement. This is greatest during the periods of 9 AM to 3 PM, when the losses of cosine of fixed systems are highest. The operating value of the system is less than 0.01kWh/day per node. Communication is done with short-range and single hop radio connections to a sink at the center. The system is well designed in space organization and orientation to have homogeneous wireless coverage; This is ensured by a 3D deployment visualization that confirms the robust design of the system. These results confirm the fact that WSN-based tracking is an energy-saving, cost-efficient option in the next-generation of PV systems, in particular, the distributed or off-grid solar systems. The efficiency and the low cost of running the energy harvesting applications with WSNs is guaranteed by the integration of WSNs.
Super Resolution Acoustic DOA and Multi-Modal Sensor Fusion for Real-Time Campus Emergency Localization at Al-Ayen Iraqi University Atheer Y. Oudah Journal of Internet Services and Information Security, 2026 The new design and analysis presented in the paper are on an intelligent emergency location and response system that is specifically designed within the framework of university campuses, and one of the case studies is the deployment of the system on the Al-Ayen Iraqi University. The system network integrates a multi-sensor network with acoustic arrays, thermal cameras, smoke/ gas sensors, vibration sensors, and electrical fault chips, which work together with the extremely precise angle-of-arrival (AOA) research algorithms. The system is capable of working in a wireless ad-hoc sensor network and thus offers secure communication to ensure that the data integrity, confidentiality, and timely responsiveness can be reached, and avoid security problems like unauthorized access, data tampering, and signal interference. It is coded to identify, categorize, and locate any disaster, including fires, electrical outages, and collapses of the structure (among others), with the use of such techniques as the Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm and triangulation. Simulation and experimental findings were encouraging: the localization error of about 5 meters, detection latency of about 1 second, classification error of more than 97% and over 40% reduction in dispatch time. Security has also been put in place so that the system is not accessed accidentally and compromised, which is an aspect that renders the system a strong system in real-life situations. The system reduced the approximate dispatch time from between 120 seconds to approximately 75 seconds as opposed to the dependency on a printed circuit board (PCB) antenna. It has been demonstrated that the system has an availability of 99% over a 30-day period, and it has a high sensor failure resistance by Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) testing and error confidence. An interface that offers real-time visualization of the events assists in the management of emergency response by providing the event that is taking place in the form of a graph to alert the responders.
Existence, uniqueness and stability analysis for a f-Caputo generalized proportional fractional boundary problem with distinct generalized integral conditions Hamid Lmou, Samira Zerbib, Sina Etemad, İbrahim Avcı, Raaid Alubady Boundary Value Problems, 2025 This paper aims to examine the existence, uniqueness, and stability properties of a novel category of $\mathfrak{f}$ -Caputo generalized proportional differential equations characterized by two distinct fractional orders. We explore and discuss various properties of the generalized proportional operator. Using the Schaefer fixed point theorem and the Banach contraction principle, we establish results on existence and uniqueness, along with different types of stabilities, including Ulam-Hyers and generalized Ulam-Hyers stability. An example is provided to complete the numerical validation of the theoretical results.
Designing Wireless Sensor Network Data Based Machine Learning Approach for Accurate Human Activity Recognition Haydar Abdulameer Marhoon, Atheer Y. Oudah, Naseer Ali Hussien, Alubady Raaid Journal of Internet Services and Information Security, 2025 Human activity recognition (HAR) using a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is essential for understanding human behavior and predicting future actions. With HAR, smartphones, and classification models are important aspects. This study explores the use of WSNs for classifying human activities by analyzing time series data captured using wireless devices. This paper aims to design an intelligent model for classifying human activity from WSN data. This paper combines multivariate dynamic mode decomposition (MDMD), Hankel Block (HB), and an ensemble classifier for classifying physical human activity. The MDMD decomposes time series data into principal modes, from which features are extracted for analysis and classification. The Hankel matrix enhances the estimation of hidden oscillatory modes when integrated with MDMD. Ensemble classifiers are employed to classify the extracted feature. The proposed model’s performance is evaluated on three datasets, UCI-HAR, Opportunity, and WISDM. The obtained results proved that the proposed model is superior to competing models, and it can be deployed in WSN to support different real-time applications.
Machine Learning for Link Prediction between Nodes in Complex Networks , Raaid Raaid, , , Nisreen Abbas Hussein, Raaid Alubady Fusion Practice and Applications, 2025 Recently, the complex network has become popular use as it can transfer huge amounts of multimedia, text, ideas, and other information, encouraging many participant connections. Social media is one of these networks that make the most connections. Predicting the formation or dissolution of links between nodes presents a problem for social network analysis researchers. Since social networks are dynamic, this task is exciting as it may also forecast lost network links with less information. On the other way, current link prediction methods use simply node similarity to find links. This study proposes a new technique that relies on node attributes and similarity measures. Nodes are labeled by their centrality and similarity. The network's edges are negative and positive samples. A well-defined dataset for link prediction comprises the features of the nodes at the edges labeled either positive or negative. The dataset is passed to multiple machine learning classifiers. On several real-world networks. The experiments conducted during the research show that Gradient Boosting gave the highest accuracy of 99% compared with other methods.
An Analysis of Controllability Criteria for Higher-Order Caputo Fractional Differential Systems With State and Control Delays Anjapuli Panneer Selvam, Venkatesan Govindaraj, Raaid Alubady, Sina Etemad International Journal of Differential Equations, 2025 The present study investigates the controllability problems for higher‐order semilinear fractional differential systems (HOSLFDSs) with state and control delays in the context of the Caputo fractional derivative. Exploiting the invertibility of the Gramian matrix of fractional order, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the controllability results associated with higher‐order linear fractional differential systems (HOLFDSs) with state and control delays are determined. Indeed, the Banach fixed‐point theorem and contraction map technique are utilized to derive sufficient conditions for the controllability results associated with HOSLFDSs with state delay, including multiple and distributed delays in control. For a better understanding of the theoretical concepts, this paper also provides several examples with graphical representations.
Existence of solutions for [p, q]-difference initial value problems: application to the [p, q]-based model of vibrating eardrums Reny George, , Sina Etemad, Ivanka Stamova, Raaid Alubady, , , , , and Aims Mathematics, 2025 The eardrum is one of the most important organs in the body, and disorders such as infection or injury may affect the proper functioning of the eardrum and lead to hearing problems. In this paper, based on a real-world phenomena, we study some mathematical aspects of an abstract fractional $ [\\mathtt{p},\\mathtt{q}] $-difference equation with initial conditions. Our initial value problem tries to model a vibrating eardrum by using the newly defined fractional Caputo-type $ [\\mathtt{p},\\mathtt{q}] $-derivatives in two nonlinear single-valued and set-valued structures. We obtain a general form of the solutions in the framework of a $ [\\mathtt{p},\\mathtt{q}] $-integral equation, and then we investigate the existence and uniqueness properties with the help of fixed points and the end-points of some special $ \\mathtt{β} $-$ \\mathtt{α} $-contractions and compact mappings. Finally, we simulate this version of the vibrating eardrum model by giving two numerical examples to validate the established theorems.
On the ρ-Interpolative Ćirić–Reich–Rus-Type Fixed-Point Theorems Müzeyyen Sangurlu Sezen, Serap Özcan, Manuel De la Sen, Sina Etemad, Raaid Alubady Journal of Mathematics, 2025 In this study, we aim to introduce some new definitions called ρ‐interpolative Ćirić–Reich–Rus‐type and Kannan‐type fuzzy contractions by using the concepts of ρ‐admissibility (by Dinarvand (2017)) and ς‐comparison function (by Mihet (2008)). We prove some fixed‐point theorems for ρ‐interpolative Ćirić–Reich–Rus‐type and Kannan‐type fuzzy contractions in M‐complete fuzzy metric spaces. We presented some of the results established in fuzzy metric spaces to the partially ordered fuzzy metric spaces. Some examples support the results obtained in this manuscript. As an application, we present the existence of a solution to the entity uniqueness problems.
The Influence Maximization in Complex Networks: Significant Trends, Leading Contributors, and Prospective Directions Elaf Adel Abbas, Raaid Alubady, Aqeel Sahi, Mohammed Diykh, Shahab Abdulla Complexity, 2025 Influence maximization (IM) is a concept in social network analysis and data science that focuses on finding the most influential nodes (people, users, etc.) in a network to maximize the spread of information, behavior, or influence. IM studies have become more crucial due to the quick uptake of social media and networking technologies, which have revolutionized communication and information sharing. Using information from the Scopus database, this study conducts a thorough bibliometric analysis of the literature on instant messaging from 2006 to 2024 to investigate publishing trends, significant contributors, and developing themes. The three primary issues the study attempts to answer are finding the most productive journals, nations, and scholars in IM research; assessing the growth and influence of publications; and predicting future research trends. The results show that IM research is dominated by China and the US, with significant contributions from organizations like the Department of Computer Science and Microsoft Research Asia. The development of the field toward scalable algorithms and practical applications is highlighted by highly cited articles, such as Chen’s (2009) work on successful instant messaging. The investigation also shows the possibility of incorporating AI into future advancements and points out shortcomings in behaviorally informed techniques. This study offers a valuable summary of information management research for academics and professionals trying to understand this ever‐evolving topic.
Network Traffic Classification Using Machine Learning Zahraa Abbas Hasan Tayyeh, Raaid Alubady, Mohammed Molhem, Mohammed Alsamman 2024 7th International Conference on Internet Applications Protocols and Services Netapps 2024, 2024
Investor Behavior Analysis Using Bayesian Learning for the Equity Market Haider Sharif, Mohammed Jameel Alsalhy, Raaid Alubady, Sarah Kadhim Mohsin, Ragheed Hussam, Jamal K. Abbas 2023 Annual International Conference on Emerging Research Areas International Conference on Intelligent Systems Aicera Icis 2023, 2023
Analyzing Industry Information Management and limitations based on P2P computing Najlaa Nsrulaah Faris, Mohaned Adile, Raaid Alubady, Sura Rahim Alatba, Tamarah Alaa Diame, Sadiq Nabeel Sadiq 2023 Annual International Conference on Emerging Research Areas International Conference on Intelligent Systems Aicera Icis 2023, 2023
Blockchain-base Healthcare Applications: A Survey Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Internet Applications Protocols and Services Enduring Internet S Use and Growth in the Pandemic Era Netapps 2020, 2021
Using NDN in improving energy efficiency of MANET Farkhana Muchtar, Pradeep Kumar Singh, Raaid Alubady, Ili Najaa Aimi Mohd Nordin, Radzi Ambar, Mohd Najwadi Yusoff, Deris Stiawan, Mosleh Hamoud Al-Adhaileh Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2020
A taxonomy of pending interest table implementation approaches in named data networking Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 2016
Performance evaluation of the replacement policies for pending interest table Journal of Telecommunication Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2016
A taxonomy of Information-Centric Networking architectures based on data routing and name resolution approaches Journal of Telecommunication Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2016
Performance analysis of reactive and proactive routing protocols in manet Arpn Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2015
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Design and performance evaluation of a North–South Iraq DWDM/OTN fiber transport network AY Oudah, R Alubady, LM Shaker Ain Shams Engineering Journal 17 (6), 104180 , 2026 2026
Super Resolution Acoustic DOA and Multi-Modal Sensor Fusion for Real-Time Campus Emergency Localization at Al-Ayen Iraqi University AY Oudah, R Alubady, LM Shaker, AA Al Amiery Journal of Internet Services and Information Security (JISIS) 16 (1), 472-493 , 2026 2026
Modeling and Analysis of WSN-Enabled Solar Tracking System with On-Nodes Energy Harvesting R Alubady, AY Oudah, HA Marhoon Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks, Ubiquitous Computing, and Dependable … , 2026 2026
A bio-inspired swarm UAV framework integrating thermal sensing and optimization-based coordination for efficient search and rescue operations AA Kareem, AJ Abid, DA Hammood, R Alubady, SJ Yaqoob, O Almomani, ... Scientific Reports , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
AUIQ Award for Iraqi Researchers: A Strategic Framework to Foster Research Excellence and Academic Competitiveness Across Iraqi Institutions HA Marhoon, AY Udah, NAH Jasim, MT Qasim, R Sagban, RNK Alubady, ... Available at SSRN 5812373 , 2025 2025
Deep Temporal Graph Learning for Cascade Popularity Prediction in Social Networks EA Abbas, R Alubady, A Sahi, M Diykh, S Abdulla 2025
Existence, uniqueness and stability analysis for a -Caputo generalized proportional fractional boundary problem with distinct generalized integral conditions H Lmou, S Zerbib, S Etemad, İ Avcı, R Alubady Boundary Value Problems 2025 (1), 56 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Sustainable secure blockchain assisted AIoT and green multi-constraints supply chain system A Lakhan, ZAA Alyasseri, MA Mohammed, B Al-Attar, J Nedoma, ... IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 2025 2025 Citations: 13
Existence of solutions for [p, q]-difference initial value problems: application to the [p, q]-based model of vibrating eardrums G Reny, S Etemad, I Stamova, R Alubady AIMS Mathematics 10 (2), 2321 , 2025 2025
The Influence Maximization in Complex Networks: Significant Trends, Leading Contributors, and Prospective Directions EA Abbas, R Alubady, A Sahi, M Diykh, S Abdulla Complexity 2025 (1), 7605463 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
An Analysis of Controllability Criteria for Higher‐Order Caputo Fractional Differential Systems With State and Control Delays AP Selvam, V Govindaraj, R Alubady, S Etemad International Journal of Differential Equations 2025 (1), 5540872 , 2025 2025
On the [Formula: see text]-Interpolative Ciric-Reich-Rus-Type Fixed-Point Theorems MS Sezen, S OEzcan, MD Sen, S Etemad, R Alubady Journal of Mathematics (Web) 2025 , 2025 2025
Recent Trends in Network Technologies: A Comprehensive Review AY Oudah, R Alubady, LM Shaker AUIQ Technical Engineering Science 2 (3), 5 , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
Performance assessment of a solar PV array using a new dynamic reconfiguration based on the Cuckoo Search optimizer HS Ahmed, AJ Abid, AA Obed, R Alubady, SJ Yaqoob, AL Saleh, ... AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering 9 (4), 476-499 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
On the rho-Interpolative Ciric-Reich-Rus-Type Fixed-Point Theorems MS Sezen, S Ozcan, M De la Sen, S Etemad, R Alubady Journal of Mathematics 2025 (1) , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Existence of solutions for [p, q]-difference initial value problems: application to the [p, q]-based model of vibrating eardrums R George, S Etemad, I Stamova, R Alubady AIMS Mathematics 10 (2), 2321-2346 , 2025 2025
On the Fixed Point Results for the Suzuki‐Type Multivalued δ ‐Contractions MS Sezen, AD Türkoğlu, S Özcan, S Etemad, A Hussain, R Alubady Journal of Function Spaces 2025 (1), 5321847 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Machine Learning for Link Prediction between Nodes in Complex Networks EA Abbas, NA Hussein, R Alubady Fusion: Practice and Applications (FPA) 18 (1), 41-55 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Existence theory on the Caputo-type fractional differential Langevin hybrid inclusion with variable coefficient H Lmou, O Talhaoui, A Kajouni, S Etemad, R Alubady Boundary Value Problems 2024 (1), 164 , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
Mathematical modeling of ions adsorption from water/wastewater sources via porous materials: A machine learning-based approach G Yang, NNA Jafar, RJ Albadr, M Alwan, ZS Yousif, SMH Kamona, ... Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 255, 105250 , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
A survey of ransomware attacks for healthcare systems: Risks, challenges, solutions and opportunity of research N Thamer, R Alubady 2021 1st Babylon international conference on information technology and … , 2021 2021 Citations: 112
Oil spill detection based on machine learning and deep learning: A review AA Huby, R Sagban, R Alubady 2022 5th International Conference on Engineering Technology and its … , 2022 2022 Citations: 45
Simulated performance of TCP, SCTP, DCCP and UDP protocols over 4G network SA Nor, R Alubady, WA Kamil Procedia Computer Science 111, 2-7 , 2017 2017 Citations: 42
Utilizing blockchain technology for IoT-based healthcare systems R Mohammed, R Alubady, A Sherbaz Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1818 (1), 012111 , 2021 2021 Citations: 33
Blockchain-based e-Medical Record and Data Security Service Management based on IoMT resource Alubady, Raaidو Rawan A. shlaka, Hussein Alaa Diame, Sarah Ali Abdulkareem ... Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things 8 (2), 86-100 , 2023 2023 Citations: 32
Hate speech detection in the bengali language: a comprehensive survey A Al Maruf, AJ Abidin, MM Haque, ZM Jiyad, A Golder, R Alubady, Z Aung Journal of Big Data 11 (1), 97 , 2024 2024 Citations: 31
A review of modern caching strategies in named data network: Overview, classification, and research directions R Alubady, M Salman, AS Mohamed Telecommunication Systems 84 (4), 581-626 , 2023 2023 Citations: 26
Pending Interest Table Control Management in Named Data Network R Alubady, S Hassan, A Habbal Journal of Network and Computer Applications 111, 99-116 , 2018 2018 Citations: 25
Hybrid bat-ant colony optimization algorithm for rule-based feature selection in health care R Sagban, HA Marhoon, R Alubady International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10 (6 … , 2020 2020 Citations: 24
Internet Protocol MANET vs Named Data MANET: A Critical Evaluation R Alubady, M Al-Samman, S Hassan, S Arif, A Habbal The 4th International Conference on Internet Applications, Protocols and … , 2015 2015 Citations: 21
Optimizing electric vehicle fleet operations with predictive analytics: A renewable energy-centric approach RSS Nuvvula, PP Kumar, A Siddiqui, S Thamizharasan, CC Tan, ... 2024 12th international conference on smart grid (icSmartGrid), 309-311 , 2024 2024 Citations: 19
AI-driven energy forecasting for electric vehicle charging stations powered by solar and wind energy N Shetty, PP Kumar, RSS Nuvvula, SK Thalari, MW Arshad, R Alubady, ... 2024 12th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid), 336-339 , 2024 2024 Citations: 18
Performance Analysis of Reactive and Proactive Routing Protocols in MANET Raaid Alubady, Mohammed Al-Samman, Adib Habbal, Suhaidi Hassan, Suki Arif ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 10 (3), 1-11 , 2015 2015 Citations: 18
Performance Evaluation of TCP, UDP and DCCP Traffic over 4G Network Wisam Abduladheem Kamil, Shahrudin Awang, Raaid Alubady Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 11 (10), 1-10 , 2015 2015 Citations: 14
Sustainable secure blockchain assisted AIoT and green multi-constraints supply chain system A Lakhan, ZAA Alyasseri, MA Mohammed, B Al-Attar, J Nedoma, ... IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 2025 2025 Citations: 13
Improving spam email detection using hybrid feature selection and sequential minimal optimisation A Al-Ajeli, R Alubady, ES Al-Shamery Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 19 (1 … , 2020 2020 Citations: 12
Direct Line Routing Protocol to Reduce Delay for Chain Based Technique in Wireless Sensor Network Haydar Abdulameer Marhoon, Raaid Alubady, M. K. Abdulhameed Karbala International Journal of Modern Science 6 (2) , 2020 2020 Citations: 12
HLLR: Highest Lifetime Least Request policy for High Performance Pending Interest Table R Alubady, S Hassan, A Habbal 2016 IEEE Conference on Open Systems (ICOS), 42-47 , 2017 2017 Citations: 12
Oil spill segmentation from SAR images using deep neural networks AA Huby, R Alubady, R Sagban 2022 International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative … , 2022 2022 Citations: 11
Rwrr: Remind weighted rounding robin for load balancing in fog computing S Ali, R Alubady 2023 7th International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Smart … , 2023 2023 Citations: 10
