Demethylation strategies for spiro-OMeTAD to enhance the thermo-opto-electronic properties as potential hole transport materials in perovskite solar cells Puteri Intan Zulaikha Syed Mahadzir, M Mottakin, Muhammad Amirul Aizat Mohd Abdah, Puteri Nor Aznie Fahsyar, Khairulazhar Jumbri, et al. Materials Research Express, 2024 Spiro-OMeTAD is a widely used hole-transporting material (HTM) that plays a crucial role in achieving highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, a series of demethylated functionalized spiro-OMeTAD-based derivatives with different numbers of hydroxyl substituted groups (named as SOH2, SOH4, and SOH6) were synthesized, and their thermal, optical, electrical, and electrochemical properties have been investigated as potential HTMs for PSCs. It has been found that the molecule with six hydroxyl substituted groups on the spiro-OMeTAD-based structure SOH6 exhibited the highest glass transition temperature (T g) and melting point (T m) as compared to SOH2 and SOH4 molecules. The UV–vis absorption spectra portrayed a distinct pattern with the increase in hydroxyl substituted groups as it was slightly blue-shifted for the SOH6 molecule compared to red-shifted for SOH2 and SOH4 molecules. Carrier mobility shows a notable improvement with the hydroxyl substitution. The density functional theory (DFT) has provided useful insight into identifying the chemical stability of spiro-OMeTAD derivatives. In the device simulation, hydroxyl-substituted spiro SOH2 was found to outperform its pristine counterpart, achieving a peak PCE of 17.61% with a V oc of 0.98 V, a J sc of 22.69 mA cm−2, and an FF of 80.67% within the device structure FTO/TiO2/MAPbI3/HTMs/Au. This investigation provided insight into the development of novel spiro-OMeTAD-based derivatives with enhanced optoelectronic properties and showed promising potential for addressing the limitations of traditional HTMs in PSCs.
Influence of graphene dispersion on the photovoltaic performance of tandem solar cells with four-terminal perovskite-polycrystalline silicon configuration Noor Fadhilah Ramli, Puteri Nor Aznie Fahsyar, Norasikin Ahmad Ludin, Ahmad Shah Hizam Md Yasir, Suhaila Sepeai Materials Research Express, 2024 Silicon’s prominence in photovoltaic technology stems from its abundance and safety. While Si-based solar cells demonstrate high energy conversion efficiency and long-term stability, they encounter challenges such as high costs, intricate fabrication processes, and suboptimal efficiency. To address these issues, researchers have developed tandem solar cells that combine silicon with perovskite cells. This research specifically investigates the use of the spin coating technique with graphene dispersion solutions to deposit graphene layers in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), providing a flexible and cost-effective alternative to conventional methods. By employing graphene as a protective sealant for the perovskite interlayer to prevent degradation, the study aims to enhance the overall performance and stability of tandem solar cells. Graphene was applied onto the hole transport layer at varying concentrations (1, 5, and 10 mg ml−1) in isopropanol. Notably, the introduction of graphene resulted in decreased power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in PSC top cells over 60 h, with efficiency reductions of 43%, 24%, and 17% for different concentrations. Importantly, these efficiency declines were significantly lower compared to cells lacking a graphene layer, which experienced a sharp 93% decrease. This investigation underscores the critical role of graphene layers in improving the stability of PSC top cells while maintaining compatibility with the stability of poly-Si bottom cells.
Review of flexible perovskite solar cells for indoor and outdoor applications Adamu Ahmed Goje, Norasikin Ahmad Ludin, Puteri Nor Aznie Fahsyar, Ubaidah Syafiq, Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan, et al. Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2024 Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown a significant increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) under laboratory circumstances from 2006 to the present, rising from 3.8% to an astonishing 25%. This scientific breakthrough corresponds to the changing energy situation and rising industrial potential. The flexible perovskite solar cell (FPSC), which capitalizes on the benefits of perovskite thin-film deposition and operates at low temperatures, is key to this transition. The FPSC is strategically important for large-scale deployment and mass manufacturing, especially when combined with the benefits of perovskite thin-film deposition under moderate thermodynamic conditions. Its versatility is demonstrated by the ease with which it may be folded, rolled, or coiled over flexible substrates, allowing for efficient transportation. Notably, FPSCs outperform traditional solar panels in terms of adaptability. FPSCs have several advantages over rigid substrates, including mobility, lightweight properties that help transportation, scalability via roll-to-roll (R2R) deposition, and incorporation into textiles and architecture. This in-depth examination dives into their fundamental design and various fabrication techniques, which include conducting substrates, absorber layers, coordinated charge movement, and conductive electrodes. This review evaluates critical FPSC fabrication techniques such as thermal evaporation, R2R approaches, slot die and spray deposition, blade coating, and spin coating. The present challenges in constructing FPSCs with high performance and long-term stability are also highlighted. Finally, the solar industry's potential uses for both indoor and outdoor FPSCs have been discussed.
Stabilizing high-humidity perovskite solar cells with MoS2 hybrid HTL Puteri Nor Aznie Fahsyar, Norasikin Ahmad Ludin, Noor Fadhilah Ramli, Puteri Intan Zulaikha, Suhaila Sepeai, et al. Scientific Reports, 2023 The obstacle to the industrialization of perovskite solar cells (PSC) technology lies in their stability. This work rationalizes the PSC design with the employment of 2D-MoS2 as the hybrid hole transport layer (HTL). MoS2 was selected due to its unique optoelectronic and mechanical properties that could enhance hole extraction and thus boost the performance and stability of PSC devices. Five concentrations indicated MoS2 nanosheets were directly deposited onto the perovskite layer via the facile spin coating method. The electrochemical exfoliation and liquid exchange methods were demonstrated to obtain the lateral size of MoS2 nanosheets and further discussed their microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations. Remarkably, the optimum thickness and the excellent device increased the stability of the PSC, allowing it to maintain 45% of its degradation percentage ($$\\frac{\\Delta PCE}{PCE}$$ Δ P C E PCE ) for 120 h with high relative humidity (RH = 40–50%) in its vicinity. We observed that lithium-ion can intercalate into the layered MoS2 structure and reduce the interfacial resistance of perovskite and the HTL. Most importantly, the 2D-MoS2 mechanism’s effect on enabling stable and efficient devices by reducing lithium-ion migration in the HTL is demonstrated in this work to validate the great potential of this hybrid structure in PSC applications.
Enhanced Fault Localization in Underground Cables Using Varley and Murray Loop Techniques with Remote Monitoring Capability Teng Koong Chung, Puteri Nor Aznie Fahsyar, V. Indragandhi 2023 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies I Pact 2023, 2023 Underground cable has been used to transmit power over the overhead lines due to several advantages, such as a lower likelihood of developing faults and better aesthetics. Because it is buried underground, it saves a lot of space as well as lowers the risk of human injury. One of the main disadvantages of underground cable is the ability to determine a fault location since it cannot be seen with the naked eye. The cable thumping method is recognized as one of the highly accurate methods to determine the fault location. However frequent thumping may result in weakening the insulation cable. In this paper, a system with the Varley Loop and Murray Loop methods is proposed to detect the fault location of the underground cable. The purpose of this algorithm is to find the fault accurately while not damaging the underground cable. Varley Loop is more suited for longer cables with higher resistance while Murray Loop is more suited for shorter cables with lower resistance. A physical prototype will be developed that has a remote monitoring capability through an LCD display.
Performance Investigation on BLDC Motor and Regenerative Braking with Super-Capacitor for Electric Vehicle Application Lakshmi Prasad Shana, Abhishek Gudipalli, Puteri Nor Aznie Fahsyar, Chockalingam Aravind Vaithilingam 2023 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies I Pact 2023, 2023 In this modern world, electric vehicles are very popularly growing day-to-day. In these electric vehicles, the parameter estimation and sizing of the appropriate motor and braking system controller design need a lot of implementations. Brushless-DC (BLDC) motors are very popular in improving efficiency at high and low costs. Further, it utilizes state-of-the-art super-capacitor technology to enhance the efficiency of electric vehicles. A powertrain is a crucial element that consists of a battery inverter, braking controller, and charging port. Also useful for further researching components of powertrain and various parts of electric vehicles. This research delves into a comparative analysis of various motor efficiency and power-to-weight ratios. An optimized regenerative braking control system harnesses the energy storage system with the functioning of a generator. The performance of the model was tested in a Matlab/Simulink environment. This research aims to enhance the regulation of energy power flow in electric vehicles, ultimately, regenerative efficiency maximized.
A Comparative Study of Design, Control Interlocking Logic, and Network Analysis in 132 kV Substations Mwaphira Pitilizani, Puteri Nor Aznie Fahsyar, Venkatesh Krishna Raja, Ahmad Adel Alsakati, Abhishek Gudipalli 2023 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies I Pact 2023, 2023 The increasing demand for electricity, driven by economic growth and population expansion, necessitates the enhancement of electrical systems, particularly in the design of substations and other power system components. In a modern power system comprising power generation plants, transmission networks, diverse loads, and advanced substations equipped with automation and communication technologies, substations play a pivotal role alongside generators and transmission lines. This work undertakes a comparative analysis of 132 kV substations, focusing on their design and control interlocking logic. The design disparities are examined by assessing Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) and Air Insulated Substations (AIS) characteristics, while control interlocking logic differences are explored concerning the conditions for operating Circuit Breakers (CB), isolators, and earth switches. Moreover, network analysis is conducted encompassing load flow analysis and fault analysis.
Ambient fabrication of perovskite solar cells through delay-deposition technique Puteri Nor Aznie Fahsyar, Norasikin Ahmad Ludin, Noor Fadhilah Ramli, Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Noh, Rozan Mohamad Yunus, et al. Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2021 The establishment of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in terms of their power-conversion efficiency (PCE) over silicon-based solar cells is undeniable. The state-of-art of easy device fabrications of PSCs has enabled them to rapidly gain a place in third-generation photovoltaic technology. Numerous obstacles remain to be addressed in device efficiency and stability. Low performance owing to easily degraded surface and deterioration of perovskite film quality resulting from humidity are issues that often arise. This work explored a new approach to producing high-quality perovskite films prepared under high relative humidity (RH = 40%–50%). In particular, the ubiquitous 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBp) was introduced into lead iodide (PbI2) precursor as an additive, and the films were fabricated using a two-step deposition method followed by a delay-deposition technique of methylammonium iodide (MAI). High crystallinity and controlled nucleation of MAI were needed, and this approach revealed the significance of time control to ensure high-quality films with large grain size, high crystallography, wide coverage on substrate, and precise and evenly coupled MAI molecules to PbI2 films. Compared with the two-step method without time delay, a noticeable improvement in PCE from 3.2 to 8.3% was achieved for the sample prepared with 15 s time delay. This finding was primarily due to the significant enhancement in the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and fill factor of the device. This strategy can effectively improve the morphology and crystallinity of perovskite films, as well as reduce the recombination of photogenerated carriers and increase of current density of devices, thereby achieving improved photovoltaic performance.
Current Trends, Challenges, and N Sariff, YM Adam, II Idrus, ZH Ismail, PNA Fahsyar, SK Phang, KS Eu Multi-Agent Systems-From Basic Concepts to Cutting-Edge Technologies: From … , 2026 2026
Multi-Agent Systems-From Basic Concepts to Cutting-Edge Technologies N Sariff, ZH Ismail, PNA Fahsyar, D Sooriamoorthy IntechOpen , 2026 2026
Decentralized Energy Management Using Multi-Agent Systems for Remote Hybrid Power Systems PNA Fahsyar, N Sariff Multi-Agent Systems-From Basic Concepts to Cutting-Edge Technologies: From … , 2026 2026
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Robot Navigation: Concepts, Current Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions N Sariff, YM Adam, II Idrus, ZH Ismail, PNA Fahsyar, SK Phang, KS Eu, ... IntechOpen , 2026 2026
Toward Agentic Artificial Intelligence and Its Societal Implications ZH Ismail, N Sariff, PNA Fahsyar IntechOpen , 2026 2026
DUAL-BAND MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR 5G APPLICATIONS PNORAF INTAN IZAFINA IDRUS, NOHAIDDA SARIFF, ABDUL WAJID HAMZA, MANEE ... Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 2 (03), 31-42 , 2026 2026
Renewable Generator Innovations: A Review of Axial Designs and Superconducting Advances II Idrus, N Sariff, PW Leong, MS Al Diagarajan, PNAFS Mahadzir, LY Kang 2025 9th International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in … , 2025 2025
Modeling and Techno-Economic Assessment of an Off-Grid Solar-Hydrogen Hybrid Energy System PNA Fahsyar, J Alsheikh, N Sariff, D Sooriamoorthy, IIB Idrus 2025 9th International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in … , 2025 2025
MULTIBEAM ARRAY ANTENNA FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE APPLICATION Y ASAI, II IDRUS, N SARIFF, PNORAFS MAHADZIR, P WAI, HA LEONG, ... 2025
Demethylation strategies for spiro-OMeTAD to enhance the thermo-opto-electronic properties as potential hole transport materials in perovskite solar cells PIZ Syed Mahadzir, M Mottakin, MAAM Abdah, PNA Fahsyar, K Jumbri, ... Materials Research Express 11 (8), 085511 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Robotic-powered prosthesis: A review and directions N Sariff, D Sooriamoorthy, ASHM Yasir, PNAFS Mahadzir, J Massouh, ... Exploring the World of Robot Manipulators, 23 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Influence of graphene dispersion on the photovoltaic performance of tandem solar cells with four-terminal perovskite–polycrystalline silicon configuration NF Ramli, PN Aznie Fahsyar, N Ahmad Ludin, ASHM Yasir, S Sepeai Materials Research Express 11 (4), 046401 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Review of flexible perovskite solar cells for indoor and outdoor applications AA Goje, NA Ludin, PNA Fahsyar, U Syafiq, P Chelvanathan, ... Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy 13 (1), 155-179 , 2024 2024 Citations: 51
A Comparative Study of Design, Control Interlocking Logic, and Network Analysis in 132 kV Substations M Pitilizani, PNA Fahsyar, VK Raja, AA Alsakati, A Gudipalli 2023 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT), 1-8 , 2023 2023
Performance Investigation on BLDC Motor and Regenerative Braking with Super-Capacitor for Electric Vehicle Application LP Shana, A Gudipalli, PNA Fahsyar, CA Vaithilingam 2023 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT), 1-6 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Enhanced Fault Localization in Underground Cables Using Varley and Murray Loop Techniques with Remote Monitoring Capability TK Chung, PNA Fahsyar, V Indragandhi 2023 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT), 1-6 , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Design and Analysis of a Non-Isolated Multi-Input DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicle Applications M Bharathidasan, V Indragandhi, J Raju, CA Vaithilingam, PNAFB Syed 2023 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT), 1-7 , 2023 2023 Citations: 1
Multi-Agent Robot Motion Planning for Rendezvous Applications in a Mixed Environment with a Broadcast Event-Triggered Consensus Controller N Sariff, ZH Ismail, ASHM Yasir, D Sooriamoorthy, PNAFS Mahadzir Motion Planning for Dynamic Agents , 2023 2023 Citations: 20
Stabilizing high-humidity perovskite solar cells with MoS 2 hybrid HTL PNA Fahsyar, NA Ludin, NF Ramli, PI Zulaikha, S Sepeai, ASH Md Yasir Scientific reports 13 (1), 11996 , 2023 2023 Citations: 25
Pembangunan sel suria perovskit berkelembapan tinggi menggabungkan molibdenum disulfida sebagai pengangkut lohong hibrid PNAFS Mahadzir UKM, Bangi , 2022 2022
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Review of flexible perovskite solar cells for indoor and outdoor applications AA Goje, NA Ludin, PNA Fahsyar, U Syafiq, P Chelvanathan, ... Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy 13 (1), 155-179 , 2024 2024 Citations: 51
Pareto ANOVA analysis for CMOS 0.18 µm two-stage Op-amp SAM Chachuli, PNA Fasyar, N Soin, NM Karim, N Yusop Materials science in semiconductor processing 24, 9-14 , 2014 2014 Citations: 45
Graphene dispersion as a passivation layer for the enhancement of perovskite solar cell stability NF Ramli, PNA Fahsyar, NA Ludin, MAM Teridi, MA Ibrahim, S Sepeai Materials Chemistry and Physics 257, 123798 , 2021 2021 Citations: 33
Correlation of simulation and experiment for perovskite solar cells with MoS 2 hybrid-HTL structure PNA Fahsyar, NA Ludin, NF Ramli, S Sepeai, MS Suait, MA Ibrahim, ... Applied Physics A 127 (5), 383 , 2021 2021 Citations: 28
Stabilizing high-humidity perovskite solar cells with MoS 2 hybrid HTL PNA Fahsyar, NA Ludin, NF Ramli, PI Zulaikha, S Sepeai, ASH Md Yasir Scientific reports 13 (1), 11996 , 2023 2023 Citations: 25
Multi-Agent Robot Motion Planning for Rendezvous Applications in a Mixed Environment with a Broadcast Event-Triggered Consensus Controller N Sariff, ZH Ismail, ASHM Yasir, D Sooriamoorthy, PNAFS Mahadzir Motion Planning for Dynamic Agents , 2023 2023 Citations: 20
Compatibility between compact and mesoporous TiO2 layers on the optimization of photocurrent density in photoelectrochemical cells NF Ramli, PNA Fahsyar, NA Ludin, MAM Teridi, MA Ibrahim, SH Zaidi, ... Surfaces and Interfaces 17, 100341 , 2019 2019 Citations: 18
Motion-dispensing as an effective strategy for preparing efficient high-humidity processed perovskite solar cells MFM Noh, NA Arzaee, INN Mumthas, PNA Fahsyar, NF Ramli, ... Journal of Alloys and Compounds 854, 157320 , 2021 2021 Citations: 10
Device simulation of perovskite solar cells with molybdenum disulfide as active buffer layer AS Shamsuddin, PNA Fahsyar, NA Ludin, I Burhan, S Mohamad Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8 (4), 1251-1259 , 2019 2019 Citations: 8
Optimization of design parameters for radiofrequency identification tag rectifier using taguchi methods PNA Fahsyar, N Soin IETE Technical Review 29 (2), 157-161 , 2012 2012 Citations: 6
A proposed low power voltage multiplier for passive UHF RFID transponder PNA Fahsyar, N Soin 2010 IEEE International Conference on Semiconductor Electronics (ICSE2010 … , 2010 2010 Citations: 6
Ambient fabrication of perovskite solar cells through delay-deposition technique PNA Fahsyar, N Ahmad Ludin, NF Ramli, MFM Noh, RM Yunus, S Sepeai, ... Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy 10 (2), 11 , 2021 2021 Citations: 5
Demethylation strategies for spiro-OMeTAD to enhance the thermo-opto-electronic properties as potential hole transport materials in perovskite solar cells PIZ Syed Mahadzir, M Mottakin, MAAM Abdah, PNA Fahsyar, K Jumbri, ... Materials Research Express 11 (8), 085511 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Robotic-powered prosthesis: A review and directions N Sariff, D Sooriamoorthy, ASHM Yasir, PNAFS Mahadzir, J Massouh, ... Exploring the World of Robot Manipulators, 23 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
CMOS implementation of envelope detector circuit in 0.18 µm Process PNA Fahsyar, N Soin 2010 IEEE International Conference on Semiconductor Electronics (ICSE2010 … , 2010 2010 Citations: 4
Performance comparison of envelope detector for RFID applications PNAF SM, N Soin 2009 International Conference for Technical Postgraduates (TECHPOS), 1-3 , 2009 2009 Citations: 4
Performance Investigation on BLDC Motor and Regenerative Braking with Super-Capacitor for Electric Vehicle Application LP Shana, A Gudipalli, PNA Fahsyar, CA Vaithilingam 2023 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT), 1-6 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Enhanced Fault Localization in Underground Cables Using Varley and Murray Loop Techniques with Remote Monitoring Capability TK Chung, PNA Fahsyar, V Indragandhi 2023 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT), 1-6 , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Influence of graphene dispersion on the photovoltaic performance of tandem solar cells with four-terminal perovskite–polycrystalline silicon configuration NF Ramli, PN Aznie Fahsyar, N Ahmad Ludin, ASHM Yasir, S Sepeai Materials Research Express 11 (4), 046401 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Design and Analysis of a Non-Isolated Multi-Input DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicle Applications M Bharathidasan, V Indragandhi, J Raju, CA Vaithilingam, PNAFB Syed 2023 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT), 1-7 , 2023 2023 Citations: 1
Publications
2021. Ambient fabrication of perovskite solar cells through delaydeposition technique. Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy 10(2): 11
2021. Correlation of simulation and experiment for perovskite solar cells with MoS2 hybrid-HTL structure. Applied Physics A 127(5):383.
2021. Graphene dispersion as a passivation layer for the enhancement of perovskite solar cell stability, Mater. Chem. 123798. .
2021. Motion-dispensing as an effective strategy for preparing efficient high-humidity processed perovskite solar cells, J. Alloys Compd. 854.
2019. Compatibility Between Compact and Mesoporous TiO2 layers on the Optimization of Photocurrent Density in Photoelectrochemical Cells. Surfaces and Interfaces.
2019. Device Simulation of Perovskite Solar Cells with Molybdenum Disulfide as Active Buffer Layer,” Bull. Electr. Eng. Informatics.
2013. Optimization of Design Parameter for RFID Tag Rectifier using Taguchi Method”, IETE Journal, Vol 20, No.2 pp157-161.